Full Judgment Text
2024 INSC 433
Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO.6462 OF 2024
(Arising out of Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023)
Dani Wooltex Corporation & Ors. … Appellants
versus
Sheil Properties Pvt. Ltd. & Anr. … Respondents
J U D G M E N T
ABHAY S. OKA, J.
| 1. Leave granted. | |
| 2. In this appeal, the issue involved is about the legality<br>and validity of the order of termination of the arbitral<br>proceedings under clause (c) of subsection (2) of Section 32 of<br>the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (for short, ‘the<br>Arbitration Act’) passed by the Arbitral Tribunal. | |
| FACTUAL ASPECTS | |
| 3. A brief reference to the factual aspects will be necessary<br>to appreciate the issue. The first appellant, Dani Wooltex<br>Corporation, is a partnership firm that owned certain land in |
Signature Not Verified
Digitally signed by
Anita Malhotra
Date: 2024.05.16
17:58:02 IST
Reason:
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 1 of 20
Mumbai. The first respondent, Sheil Properties (for short,
‘Sheil’), a private limited company, was engaged in real estate
development. The second respondent, Marico Industries (for
short, ‘Marico’), is also a limited company in the consumer
goods business. A part of the first appellant's property was
permitted to be developed by Sheil under the Development
th
Agreement dated 11 August 1993 (for short, ‘the
Agreement’). A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was
executed by and between the first appellant and Marico, by
which the first appellant agreed to sell another portion of its
property to Marico. Under the MOU, Marico was given the
benefit of a certain quantity of FSI/TDR. Marico issued a
public notice inviting objections, to which Sheil submitted an
objection and stated that any transaction between the first
appellant and Marico would be subject to the Agreement. The
dispute between the first appellant and Sheil led Sheil to
institute a suit (Suit no.2541 of 2006) for the specific
performance of the MOU as modified by the alleged consent
terms. The first appellant and Marico were parties to the said
suit. Marico also filed a suit (Suit no.2116 of 2011) against
the first appellant herein, and Sheil was also made a party
defendant to the suit. A consensus was reached amongst the
three parties, and a senior Member of the Bar was appointed
as the sole Arbitrator. The order of appointment of the sole
th
Arbitrator was passed on 13 October 2011 in the suit filed
by Marico. The order records that the dispute in the suit was
th
referred to the arbitration. On 17 November 2011, the suit
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 2 of 20
filed by Sheil was disposed of by referring the dispute in the
said suit to the same sole Arbitrator. Thus, the Arbitral
Tribunal had to deal with the claims filed by Sheil and
Marico, both against the first appellant. Both Sheil and
Marico filed their respective statements of claim. It appears
that the arbitral proceeding based on Marico's claim was
th
heard earlier, culminating in an award on 6 May 2017. For
whatever reasons, the arbitral proceeding based on the claim
filed by Sheil did not proceed.
The first appellant addressed a communication to the
4.
th
Arbitral Tribunal on 26 November 2019, followed by another
th
communication dated 7 January 2020 requesting the
Arbitral Tribunal to dismiss the claim of Sheil on the ground
that the company had abandoned the claim. In response, the
th
Arbitral Tribunal fixed a meeting on 11 March 2020. As Sheil
th
did not attend the meeting, the next meeting was fixed on 18
th
March 2020. The meeting scheduled for 18 March 2020 was
not held. Due to the COVID19 pandemic, the next meeting
th
could be held only on 12 August 2020, when the Arbitral
Tribunal directed the first appellant to file a formal
application for dismissal of the claim of Sheil and permitted
th
Sheil to file a reply. Accordingly, on 27 August 2020, the
first appellant filed an application invoking the Arbitral
Tribunal's power under clause (c) of subsection (2) of Section
32 of the Arbitration Act. The contention raised by the first
appellant in the said application was that Sheil's conduct of
not taking any steps for eight years shows that the said
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 3 of 20
company abandoned the arbitral proceedings. Sheil filed an
affidavit and specifically contended that no ground was made
out to act under Section 32(2)(c) of the Arbitration Act. Sheil
also raised other factual contentions and denied the allegation
of abandonment.
st
5. The Arbitral Tribunal passed an order on 1 December
2020 terminating the arbitral proceedings in the exercise of
power under Section 32(2)(c) of the Arbitration Act. The
Arbitral Tribunal relied upon a decision of the Calcutta High
Court in the case of
NRP Projects Pvt. Ltd. & Anr. v. Hirak
1
. Sheil filed an application before the
Mukhopadhyay & Anr
High Court of Judicature at Bombay to challenge the legality
and validity of the order of the Arbitral Tribunal by taking
recourse to Section 14(2) of the Arbitration Act. By the
impugned judgment and order, the learned Single Judge set
aside the order of termination of the proceedings passed by
the Arbitral Tribunal and directed the Arbitral Tribunal to
continue the proceedings. We may note here that I.A.
th
no.180843 of 2023 reveals that on 26 July, 2023, the
learned sole Arbitrator informed the parties of his
unwillingness to continue as the sole Arbitrator.
SUBMISSIONS
6. Mr Nakul Divan, the learned senior counsel appearing
for the first appellant, pointed out that the learned Single
Judge of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay in her
1 2012 SCC OnLine Cal 10496
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 4 of 20
th
judgment dated 13 January 2023 in the case of Kothari
2
Developers v. Madhukant S Patel held that the Arbitral
Tribunal was entitled to invoke its power under Section 32(2)
(c) of the Arbitration Act if it is proved that the proceedings
have become unnecessary due to the claimant’s inaction. He
submitted that Section 14 of the Arbitration Act does not
empower the Court to secondguess the Arbitral Tribunal,
especially when the decision of the Arbitral Tribunal is based
on the appreciation of facts and a plausible view has been
taken. The learned senior counsel further pointed out that
the Arbitral Tribunal attempted to ensure Sheil's participation
in Marico’s arbitration. After the award in the case of Marico,
th
Sheil declined to attend the meeting held on 11 March 2020
by the Arbitral Tribunal. It is submitted that there is nothing
on record to indicate that the arbitration based on Sheil’s
claim was to proceed after Marico's arbitration, and there is
no material placed on record to that effect. He submitted that
the Arbitral Tribunal had rendered a finding of fact on the
stand taken by Sheil, which cannot be disturbed by the
Court. He submitted that Sheil's plea that it was awaiting the
decision in the Marico arbitration could not be accepted as
the Arbitral Tribunal never indicated that the arbitration
based on Sheil's claim would proceed only after the Marico
arbitration was over. He submitted that Sheil took no interest
in moving the Arbitral Tribunal for a long time since 2012.
He submitted that the word “unnecessary” used in Section
2 Arbitration Petition (L) No.29362 of 2022
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 5 of 20
32(2)(c) of the Arbitration Act will have to be widely or liberally
interpreted.
Mr Shekhar Naphade, the learned senior counsel
7.
appearing for Sheil, contended that without recording a
positive finding that it is either unnecessary or impossible to
continue the proceedings, the power under Section 32(2)(c) of
the Arbitration Act cannot be exercised. Relying upon the
decision on this Court in the case of Lalitkumar V Sanghavi
3
& Anr. v. Dharamdas V Sanghavi & Ors. , the learned
senior counsel submitted that the Court, while exercising the
power under Section 14(2) of the Arbitration Act, is required
to go into the issue of the legality of the termination of
mandate by the Arbitral Tribunal. He submitted that the
abandonment cannot be inferred. He relied upon a decision
of this Court in the case of Godrej and Boyce
Manufacturing Company Limited v. Municipal
4
He submitted that
Corporation of Greater Mumbai & Ors .
suits filed by Marico and Sheil were separate suits, and,
therefore, arbitral proceedings were also separate. Marico
and Sheil had not sought any relief against each other.
However, as there was an overlap between the two references
concerning the enforceability of the consent terms, the parties
agreed to proceed with Sheil's reference after Marico’s
reference was decided. He further submitted that after
th
preliminary directions were issued on 8 November 2011
3 2014 (7) SCC 255
4 2023 SCC Online 592
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 6 of 20
regarding the filing of pleadings, no further directions were
issued by the sole Arbitrator in the reference of Sheil. He
submitted that the decision of the Calcutta High Court in the
1
case of is confined to the facts of the
NRP Projects Pvt. Ltd.
case before it. He submitted that Marico's reference took six
years, and that is the reason for postponing Sheil's reference.
The learned senior counsel would, therefore, submit that the
interference made by the High Court in the arbitral
proceedings under Section 14 of the Arbitration Act was
certainly justified.
CONSIDERATION OF SUBMISSIONS
8. Chapter V of the Arbitration Act contains provisions
regarding the conduct of arbitral proceedings. If parties do
not agree on the timelines for filing statements of claim and
defence, under subsection (1) of Section 23, the Arbitral
Tribunal has the power to determine the timelines for filing
pleadings. Subsection (4) of Section 23, incorporated with
rd
effect from 23 October 2015, provides that the filing of
pleadings (statements of claim and defence) shall be
completed within six months from the date the learned
Arbitrator or all the learned Arbitrators, as the case may be,
receive notice of their appointment in writing.
9. After the pleadings are complete, the next stage is of
hearing. Subsection (2) of Section 24 provides that parties
shall be given sufficient advance notice of any hearing or
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 7 of 20
| meeting of the Arbitral Tribunal for inspections of documents,<br>goods or other property. | ||
|---|---|---|
| 10. The issue of the parties' default is dealt with in Section<br>25 of the Arbitration Act. Section 25 reads thus: | ||
| “25. Default of a party.—Unless<br>otherwise agreed by the parties, where,<br>without showing sufficient cause,— | ||
| (a) the claimant fails to communicate<br>his statement of claim in accordance<br>with subsection (1) of section 23, the<br>arbitral tribunal shall terminate the<br>proceedings; | ||
| (b) the respondent fails to communicate<br>his statement of defence in accordance<br>with subsection (1) of section 23, the<br>arbitral tribunal shall continue the<br>proceedings without treating that failure<br>in itself as an admission of the<br>allegations by the claimant and shall<br>have the discretion to treat the right of<br>the respondent to file such statement of<br>defence as having been forfeited. | ||
| (c) a party fails to appear at an oral<br>hearing or to produce documentary<br>evidence, the arbitral tribunal may<br>continue the proceedings and make<br>the arbitral award on the evidence<br>before it.” | ||
| (emphasis added) | ||
| Clause (a) of Section 25 of the Arbitration Act provides that on<br>the failure of the claimants to communicate the statement of<br>claim in accordance with subsection (1) of Section 23, the |
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 8 of 20
Arbitral Tribunal shall terminate the proceedings. Clause (b)
of Section 25 provides that if the respondent fails to
communicate his statement of defence in accordance with
subsection (1) of Section 23, the Arbitral Tribunal shall
continue the proceedings. Clause (c) of Section 25 provides
that if a party fails to appear at an oral hearing or to produce
documents, the Arbitral Tribunal may continue the
proceedings and make the arbitral award on the basis of
whatever evidence is available with it. The power to terminate
arbitral proceedings on the claimant's default to file a
statement of claim is the only provision under the Arbitration
Act to terminate the arbitral proceedings apart from Section
32.
The Arbitration Act has two provisions for terminating
11.
an Arbitrator's mandate. Sections 14 and 15 are the relevant
sections. The Arbitrator is empowered to withdraw from his
office, which terminates his mandate. However, the arbitral
proceedings continue by the arbitrator's substitution.
12. The order of termination passed by the learned
Arbitrator, in this case, gives an impression that he was of the
view that unless parties move the Arbitral Tribunal with a
request to fix a meeting or a date for the hearing, the Tribunal
was under no obligation to fix a meeting or a date for hearing.
The appointment of the Arbitral Tribunal is made with the
object of adjudicating upon the dispute covered by the
arbitration clause in the agreement between the parties. By
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 9 of 20
agreement, the parties can appoint an Arbitrator or Arbitral
Tribunal. Otherwise, the Court can do so under section 11 of
the Arbitration Act. An Arbitrator does not do pro bono work.
For him, it is a professional assignment. A duty is vested in
the learned Arbitrator or the Arbitral Tribunal to adjudicate
upon the dispute and to make an award. The object of the
Arbitration Act is to provide for an efficient dispute resolution
process. An Arbitrator who has accepted his appointment
cannot say that he will not fix a meeting to conduct arbitral
proceedings or a hearing date unless the parties request him
to do so. It is the duty of the Arbitral Tribunal to do so. If the
claimant fails to file his statement of claim in accordance with
Section 23, in view of clause (a) of Section 25, the learned
Arbitrator is bound to terminate the proceedings. If the
respondent to the proceedings fails to file a statement of
defence in accordance with Section 23, in the light of clause
(b) of Section 25, the learned Arbitrator is bound to proceed
further with the arbitral proceedings. Even if the claimant,
after filing a statement of claim, fails to appear at an oral
hearing or fails to produce documentary evidence, the learned
Arbitrator is expected to continue the proceedings as provided
in clause (c) of Section 25. Thus, he can proceed to make an
award in such a case.
13. On a conjoint reading of Sections 14 and 15, it is
apparent that an Arbitrator always has the option to withdraw
for any reason. Therefore, he can withdraw because of the
parties' noncooperation in the proceedings. But in such a
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 10 of 20
| case, his mandate will be terminated, not the arbitral<br>proceedings. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14. Now, we come to Section 32 of the Arbitration Act,<br>which reads thus: | ||||
| “32. Termination of proceedings.— (1)<br>The arbitral proceedings shall be<br>terminated by the final arbitral award or<br>by an order of the arbitral tribunal<br>under subsection (2).<br>(2) The arbitral tribunal shall issue an<br>order for the termination of the<br>arbitral proceedings where—<br>(a) the claimant withdraws his<br>claim, unless the respondent objects<br>to the order and the arbitral tribunal<br>recognises a legitimate interest on<br>his part in obtaining a final<br>settlement of the dispute,<br>(b) the parties agree on the<br>termination of the proceedings, or<br>(c) the arbitral tribunal finds that<br>the continuation of the<br>proceedings has for any other<br>reason become unnecessary or<br>impossible.<br>(3) Subject to section 33 and sub<br>section (4) of section 34, the mandate of<br>the arbitral tribunal shall terminate<br>with the termination of the arbitral<br>proceedings.”<br>(emphasis added) | “32. Termination of proceedings.— (1)<br>The arbitral proceedings shall be<br>terminated by the final arbitral award or<br>by an order of the arbitral tribunal<br>under subsection (2). | |||
| (2) The arbitral tribunal shall issue an<br>order for the termination of the<br>arbitral proceedings where— | ||||
| (a) the claimant withdraws his<br>claim, unless the respondent objects<br>to the order and the arbitral tribunal<br>recognises a legitimate interest on<br>his part in obtaining a final<br>settlement of the dispute, | ||||
| (b) the parties agree on the<br>termination of the proceedings, or | ||||
| (c) the arbitral tribunal finds that<br>the continuation of the<br>proceedings has for any other<br>reason become unnecessary or<br>impossible. | ||||
| (3) Subject to section 33 and sub<br>section (4) of section 34, the mandate of<br>the arbitral tribunal shall terminate<br>with the termination of the arbitral<br>proceedings.” | ||||
| (emphasis added) |
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 11 of 20
| Section 32 provides for the termination of the arbitral<br>proceedings in the following contingencies: | |
|---|---|
| a. On making final arbitral award; | |
| b. On the Claimant withdrawing his claim as<br>provided under clause (a) of subsection (2) of<br>Section 32; | |
| c. Parties agreeing on termination of arbitral<br>proceedings as provided under clause (b) of sub<br>section (2) of Section 32; or | |
| d. When the Arbitral Tribunal finds that the<br>continuation of proceedings has become<br>unnecessary or impossible for any other reason, as<br>provided under clause (c) of subsection (2) of<br>Section 32. | |
| 15. Therefore, clause (c) of subsection (2) of Section 32 can<br>be invoked for reasons other than those mentioned in sub<br>section (1) of Section 32 and clauses (a) and (b) of subsection<br>(2) of Section 32. Under clause (c), the mere existence of a<br>reason for terminating the proceedings is not sufficient. The<br>reason must be such that the continuation of the proceedings<br>has become unnecessary or impossible. In a given case, when<br>a claimant files a claim and does not attend the proceedings,<br>clause (a) of Section 25 comes into operation, resulting in the<br>learned Arbitrator terminating the proceedings. If, after filing<br>a claim, the claimant fails to appear at an oral hearing or fails |
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 12 of 20
to produce documentary evidence, it cannot be said that the
continuation of proceedings has become unnecessary. If the
claimant fails to appear at an oral hearing after filing the
claim, in view of clause (c) of Section 25, the learned
Arbitrator can proceed with the arbitral proceedings. The fact
that clause (c) of Section 25 enables the Arbitral Tribunal to
proceed in the absence of the claimant shows the legislature's
intention that the claimant's failure to appear after filing the
claim cannot be a ground to say that the proceedings have
become unnecessary or impossible.
16. Therefore, if the party fails to appear for a hearing after
filing a claim, the learned Arbitrator cannot say that
continuing the arbitral proceedings has become unnecessary.
Abandonment by the claimant of his claim may be grounds
for saying that the arbitral proceedings have become
unnecessary. However, the abandonment must be
established. Abandonment can be either express or implied.
Abandonment cannot be readily inferred. One can say that
there is an implied abandonment when admitted or proved
facts are so clinching and convincing that the only inference
which can be drawn is of the abandonment. Mere absence in
proceedings or failure to participate does not, per se, amount
to abandonment. Only if the established conduct of a
claimant is such that it leads only to one conclusion that the
claimant has given up, his/her claim can an inference of
abandonment be drawn. Merely because a claimant, after
filing his statement of claim, does not move the Arbitral
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 13 of 20
Tribunal to fix a date for the hearing, it cannot be said that
the claimant has abandoned his claim. The reason is that the
Arbitral Tribunal has a duty to fix a date for a hearing. If the
parties remain absent, the Arbitral Tribunal can take recourse
to Section 25.
17. Now, coming to the facts of the case, we must note here
that Sheil and Marico had filed separate suits. In the suit
th
filed by Marico, an order was passed on 13 October 2011,
referring the dispute involved therein to the sole Arbitrator.
Similarly, in the suit filed by Sheil, the order of reference to
th
the learned Arbitrator was passed on 17 November 2011.
Therefore, by two separate orders, two arbitral proceedings
were ordered to be initiated. In one proceeding, the claimant
was Marico. The first appellant and Sheil were the
respondents. In the other, Sheil was the claimant. The first
appellant and Marico were the respondents. In fact, in the
th
minutes of the preliminary meeting dated 8 November 2011,
it is noted that the learned Arbitrator issued directions to
Marico and Sheil to file their statements of claim. Therefore,
even the learned Arbitrator proceeded on the footing that
there were two distinct claimants and claims. They were
directed to file their statements of claim in the respective
th
arbitral proceedings. After that, on 20 December 2011, the
learned Arbitrator granted an extension of time to complete
the pleadings. Both the claimants filed their respective
statements of claim. The learned Arbitrator first conducted
arbitral proceedings in which the claimant was Marico.
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 14 of 20
| Paragraph 10 of the award dated 6th May 2017 made on<br>Marico’s claim is very relevant, which reads thus: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| “10. The 2nd Respondent has also filed a<br>reply to the Statement of Claim.<br>However, no evidence was led by the 2nd<br>Respondent (either documentary or oral)<br>nor was any argument addressed by the<br>2nd Respondent to me, although the 2nd<br>Respondent was present at all<br>hearings of this arbitration.” | |||
| (emphasis added) | |||
| The respondent no.2 before the Arbitral Tribunal was Sheil,<br>as can be seen from the cause title of the award. Thus, Sheil<br>was represented throughout before the Arbitral Tribunal<br>during the hearing of the claim of Marico. Therefore, it<br>cannot be said that the first respondent herein (Sheil)<br>remained absent. On the contrary, it was present at all<br>hearings. Nothing is placed on record to show that<br>simultaneously with the arbitral proceedings based on the<br>claim of Marico, any meeting or date was fixed by the learned<br>Arbitrator for hearing the claim of Sheil. The first meeting on<br>Sheil’s claim was fixed on 11th March 2020 when COVID19<br>pandemic had already set in. | |||
| 18. The application made by the first appellant under<br>Section 32(2)(c) of the Arbitration Act, in short, raised the<br>following contentions: | |||
| a. Sheil did not bother to pursue its claim for eight<br>years after filing the statement of claim; |
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 15 of 20
th
b. Sheil did not attend the meeting of 11 March
2020;
th
c. Sheil attended the next meeting held on 12
August 2020 and informed the learned Arbitrator
that it wished to press its claim and
d. Sheil has abandoned its claim.
Sheil filed an affidavit in reply to the said application
19.
filed by the first appellant. In the reply, a contention has
been raised that the reference filed by Marico was taken up
th
first and therefore, till the award was made on 6 May 2017,
there was no requirement on the part of Sheil to take any
further steps. The affidavit of evidence of Mr. Sanjay Patel
th
was affirmed on 16 April 2017 and was kept ready. Sheil
has pleaded that there was a requirement to change its
advocate. After Sheil engaged the services of M/s. Markand
st
Gandhi & Co., its senior partner fell ill and died on 1 May
th
2018. As regards the meeting held on 11 March 2020, Sheil
claimed that it had deputed one Mr Utsav Ghosh to attend the
meeting. He reached late after the meeting dispersed.
The question is whether Sheil abandoned its claim filed
20.
before the learned Arbitrator. As stated earlier, Sheil
regularly attended meetings held to hear Marico's claim.
During the period during which the claim of Marico was
heard, at no stage, the learned Arbitrator suggested that the
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 16 of 20
claim of Sheil could be heard simultaneously. On the
contrary, from the conduct of the parties and the learned
Arbitrator, an inference can be drawn that Marico's claim was
given priority. Two meetings were convened in March 2020 in
connection with Sheil's claim. In March 2020, the COVID19
was spreading its wings in our country. The second meeting
in March 2020 was admittedly not held. In any case, there is
no express abandonment. Even if it is to be implied, there
must be convincing circumstances on record which lead to an
inevitable inference about the abandonment. In the facts of
the case, there was no abandonment either express or
implied. In a case where the claim is abandoned, the learned
Arbitrator can take the view that it would be unnecessary to
continue the proceedings based on the already abandoned
claim. In this case, the inference of the abandonment has
been drawn by the learned Arbitrator only on the grounds
that Sheil did not challenge the Marico award and took no
steps to convene the meeting of the Arbitral Tribunal. The
failure to challenge the award on Marico’s claim will not
amount to abandonment of the claim filed by Sheil in January
2012. In the claim submitted by Sheil, a prayer was made in
the alternative for passing an award in terms of money
against the first appellant. Therefore, we hold that there was
absolutely no material on record to conclude that Sheil had
abandoned its claim or, at least, the claim against the first
th
appellant. Till the award dated 6 May 2017 was passed in
Marico’s claim, Sheil’s representative was always present at
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 17 of 20
| all hearings till the passing of the award. After the award, the<br>learned Arbitrator never convened a meeting to deal with<br>Sheil’s claim until 11th March 2020. Hence, the finding of the<br>learned Arbitrator that there was abandonment of the claim<br>by the first appellant is not based on any documentary or oral<br>evidence on record. The finding is entirely illegal. Such a<br>finding could never have been rendered on the material before<br>the Arbitral Tribunal. Thus, the learned Arbitrator committed<br>illegality. | |
|---|---|
| 21. To conclude, | |
| a. The power under clause (c) of subsection (2) of<br>Section 32 of the Arbitration Act can be exercised<br>only if, for some reason, the continuation of<br>proceedings has become unnecessary or<br>impossible. Unless the Arbitral Tribunal records<br>its satisfaction based on the material on record<br>that proceedings have become unnecessary or<br>impossible, the power under clause (c) of sub<br>section (2) of Section 32 cannot be exercised. If<br>the said power is exercised casually, it will defeat<br>the very object of enacting the Arbitration Act; | |
| b. It is the Arbitral Tribunal's duty to fix a meeting<br>for hearing even if parties to the proceedings do<br>not make such a request. It is the duty of the<br>Arbitral Tribunal to adjudicate upon the dispute<br>referred to it. If, on a date fixed for a |
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 18 of 20
meeting/hearing, the parties remain absent
without any reasonable cause, the Arbitral
Tribunal can always take recourse to the relevant
provisions of the Arbitration Act, such as Section
25;
c. The failure of the claimant to request the Arbitral
Tribunal to fix a date for hearing, per se, is no
ground to conclude that the proceedings have
become unnecessary; and
d. The abandonment of the claim by a claimant can
be a ground to invoke clause (c) of subsection (2)
of Section 32. The abandonment of the claim can
be either express or implied. The abandonment
cannot be readily inferred. There is an implied
abandonment when admitted or proved facts are
so clinching that the only inference which can be
drawn is of the abandonment. Only if the
established conduct of a claimant is such that it
leads only to one conclusion that the claimant has
given up his/her claim can an inference of
abandonment be drawn. Even if it is to be
implied, there must be convincing circumstances
on record which lead to an inevitable inference
about the abandonment. Only because a
claimant, after filing his statement of claim, does
not move the Arbitral Tribunal to fix a date for the
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023 Page 19 of 20
| hearing, the failure of the claimant, per se, will not<br>amount to the abandonment of the claim. | |
|---|---|
| 22. Therefore, for the reasons recorded above, we concur<br>with the view taken by the learned Single Judge. The appeal<br>is, accordingly, dismissed with no order as to costs. As the<br>learned sole Arbitrator has withdrawn from the proceedings,<br>the parties shall take necessary steps to get the substituted<br>Arbitrator appointed in accordance with law. | |
| ….…………………….J. | |
| (Abhay S. Oka) |
…..…………………...J.
(Pankaj Mithal)
New Delhi;
May 16, 2024.
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