Dani Wooltex Corporation vs. Sheil Properties Private Limited

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 16-05-2024

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2024 INSC 433 Reportable IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION  CIVIL APPEAL NO.6462 OF 2024 (Arising out of Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023) Dani Wooltex Corporation & Ors.                   … Appellants versus Sheil Properties Pvt. Ltd. & Anr. … Respondents  J U D G M E N T ABHAY S. OKA, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. In this appeal, the issue involved is about the legality<br>and validity of the order of termination of the arbitral<br>proceedings under clause (c) of sub­section (2) of Section 32 of<br>the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (for short, ‘the<br>Arbitration Act’) passed by the Arbitral Tribunal.
FACTUAL ASPECTS
3. A brief reference to the factual aspects will be necessary<br>to appreciate the issue. The first appellant, Dani Wooltex<br>Corporation, is a partnership firm that owned certain land in
Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Anita Malhotra Date: 2024.05.16 17:58:02 IST Reason: Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  1  of  20 Mumbai.   The   first   respondent,   Sheil   Properties   (for   short, ‘Sheil’), a private limited company, was engaged in real estate development.  The second respondent, Marico Industries (for short, ‘Marico’), is also a limited company in the consumer goods business.  A part of the first appellant's property was permitted to be developed by Sheil under the Development th Agreement   dated   11   August   1993   (for   short,   ‘the Agreement’).   A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was executed by and between the first appellant and Marico, by which the first appellant agreed to sell another portion of its property to Marico.   Under the MOU, Marico was given the benefit of a certain quantity of FSI/TDR.   Marico issued a public notice inviting objections, to which Sheil submitted an objection and stated that any transaction between the first appellant and Marico would be subject to the Agreement.  The dispute   between   the   first   appellant   and   Sheil   led   Sheil   to institute   a   suit   (Suit   no.2541   of   2006)   for   the   specific performance of the MOU as modified by the alleged consent terms.  The first appellant and Marico were parties to the said suit.  Marico also filed a suit (Suit no.2116 of 2011) against the first appellant herein, and Sheil was also made a party defendant to the suit.  A consensus was reached amongst the three parties, and a senior Member of the Bar was appointed as the sole Arbitrator.  The order of appointment of the sole th Arbitrator was passed on 13  October 2011 in the suit filed by Marico.  The order records that the dispute in the suit was th referred to the arbitration. On 17  November 2011, the suit Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  2  of  20 filed by Sheil was disposed of by referring the dispute in the said   suit   to   the   same   sole   Arbitrator.     Thus,   the   Arbitral Tribunal   had   to   deal   with   the   claims   filed   by   Sheil   and Marico,   both   against   the   first   appellant.     Both   Sheil   and Marico filed their respective statements of claim.  It appears that   the   arbitral   proceeding   based   on   Marico's   claim   was th heard earlier, culminating in an award on 6  May 2017.  For whatever reasons, the arbitral proceeding based on the claim filed by Sheil did not proceed. The first appellant addressed a communication to the 4. th Arbitral Tribunal on 26  November 2019, followed by another th communication   dated   7   January   2020   requesting   the Arbitral Tribunal to dismiss the claim of Sheil on the ground that the company had abandoned the claim.  In response, the th Arbitral Tribunal fixed a meeting on 11  March 2020. As Sheil th did not attend the meeting, the next meeting was fixed on 18 th March 2020.  The meeting scheduled for 18  March 2020 was not held. Due to the COVID­19 pandemic, the next meeting th could be held only on 12   August 2020, when the Arbitral Tribunal   directed   the   first   appellant   to   file   a   formal application for dismissal of the claim of Sheil and permitted th Sheil to file a reply.   Accordingly, on 27   August 2020, the first   appellant   filed   an   application   invoking   the   Arbitral Tribunal's power under clause (c) of sub­section (2) of Section 32 of the Arbitration Act.  The contention raised by the first appellant in the said application was that Sheil's conduct of not   taking   any   steps   for   eight   years   shows   that   the   said Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  3  of  20 company abandoned the arbitral proceedings.  Sheil filed an affidavit and specifically contended that no ground was made out to act under Section 32(2)(c) of the Arbitration Act.  Sheil also raised other factual contentions and denied the allegation of abandonment.  st 5. The Arbitral Tribunal passed an order on 1  December 2020 terminating the arbitral proceedings in the exercise of power   under   Section   32(2)(c)   of   the   Arbitration   Act.     The Arbitral Tribunal relied upon a decision of the Calcutta High Court in the case of  NRP Projects Pvt. Ltd. & Anr. v. Hirak 1 .  Sheil filed an application before the Mukhopadhyay & Anr High Court of Judicature at Bombay to challenge the legality and validity of the order of the Arbitral Tribunal by taking recourse   to   Section   14(2)   of   the   Arbitration   Act.     By   the impugned judgment and order, the learned Single Judge set aside the order of termination of the proceedings passed by the Arbitral Tribunal and directed the Arbitral Tribunal to continue   the   proceedings.     We   may   note   here   that   I.A. th no.180843   of   2023   reveals   that   on   26   July,   2023,   the learned   sole   Arbitrator   informed   the   parties   of   his unwillingness to continue as the sole Arbitrator. SUBMISSIONS 6. Mr Nakul Divan, the learned senior counsel appearing for the first appellant, pointed out that the learned Single Judge   of   the   High   Court   of   Judicature   at   Bombay   in   her 1 2012 SCC OnLine Cal 10496 Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  4  of  20 th judgment dated 13   January 2023 in the case of   Kothari 2 Developers v. Madhukant S Patel   held that the Arbitral Tribunal was entitled to invoke its power under Section 32(2) (c) of the Arbitration Act if it is proved that the proceedings have become unnecessary due to the claimant’s inaction.  He submitted that Section 14 of the Arbitration Act does not empower   the   Court   to   second­guess   the   Arbitral   Tribunal, especially when the decision of the Arbitral Tribunal is based on the appreciation of facts and a plausible view has been taken.   The learned senior counsel further pointed out that the Arbitral Tribunal attempted to ensure Sheil's participation in Marico’s arbitration.  After the award in the case of Marico, th Sheil declined to attend the meeting held on 11  March 2020 by the Arbitral Tribunal.  It is submitted that there is nothing on record to indicate that the arbitration based on Sheil’s claim was to proceed after Marico's arbitration, and there is no material placed on record to that effect.  He submitted that the Arbitral Tribunal had rendered a finding of fact on the stand   taken   by   Sheil,   which   cannot   be   disturbed   by   the Court.  He submitted that Sheil's plea that it was awaiting the decision in the Marico arbitration could not be accepted as the   Arbitral   Tribunal   never   indicated   that   the   arbitration based on Sheil's claim would proceed only after the Marico arbitration was over.  He submitted that Sheil took no interest in moving the Arbitral Tribunal for a long time since 2012. He submitted that the word “unnecessary” used in Section 2    Arbitration Petition (L) No.29362 of 2022 Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  5  of  20 32(2)(c) of the Arbitration Act will have to be widely or liberally interpreted.   Mr   Shekhar   Naphade,   the   learned   senior   counsel 7. appearing   for   Sheil,   contended   that   without   recording   a positive finding that it is either unnecessary or impossible to continue the proceedings, the power under Section 32(2)(c) of the Arbitration Act cannot be exercised.   Relying upon the decision on this Court in the case of  Lalitkumar V Sanghavi 3 & Anr. v. Dharamdas V Sanghavi & Ors. ,   the learned senior counsel submitted that the Court, while exercising the power under Section 14(2) of the Arbitration Act, is required to   go   into   the   issue   of   the   legality   of   the   termination   of mandate by the Arbitral Tribunal.   He submitted that the abandonment cannot be inferred.  He relied upon a decision of   this   Court   in   the   case   of   Godrej   and   Boyce Manufacturing   Company   Limited   v.   Municipal 4 He submitted that Corporation of Greater Mumbai & Ors .   suits   filed   by   Marico   and   Sheil   were   separate   suits,   and, therefore,  arbitral  proceedings  were  also  separate.    Marico and   Sheil   had   not   sought   any   relief   against   each   other. However, as there was an overlap between the two references concerning the enforceability of the consent terms, the parties agreed   to   proceed   with   Sheil's   reference   after   Marico’s reference   was   decided.     He   further   submitted   that   after th preliminary   directions   were   issued   on   8   November   2011 3 2014 (7) SCC 255 4 2023 SCC Online 592 Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  6  of  20 regarding the filing of pleadings, no further directions were issued by the sole Arbitrator in the reference of Sheil.   He submitted that the decision of the Calcutta High Court in the case of  is confined to the facts of the NRP Projects Pvt. Ltd. case before it.  He submitted that Marico's reference took six years, and that is the reason for postponing Sheil's reference. The learned senior counsel would, therefore, submit that the interference   made   by   the   High   Court   in   the   arbitral proceedings   under   Section   14   of   the   Arbitration   Act   was certainly justified.   CONSIDERATION OF SUBMISSIONS 8. Chapter   V   of   the   Arbitration   Act   contains   provisions regarding the conduct of arbitral proceedings.   If parties do not agree on the timelines for filing statements of claim and defence,   under   sub­section   (1)   of   Section   23,   the   Arbitral Tribunal has the power to determine the timelines for filing pleadings.   Sub­section (4) of Section 23, incorporated with rd effect   from   23   October   2015,   provides   that   the   filing   of pleadings   (statements   of   claim   and   defence)   shall   be completed   within   six   months   from   the   date   the   learned Arbitrator or all the learned Arbitrators, as the case may be, receive notice of their appointment in writing. 9. After the pleadings are complete, the next stage is of hearing.   Sub­section (2) of Section 24 provides that parties shall  be  given   sufficient   advance  notice  of  any  hearing   or Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  7  of  20
meeting of the Arbitral Tribunal for inspections of documents,<br>goods or other property.
10. The issue of the parties' default is dealt with in Section<br>25 of the Arbitration Act. Section 25 reads thus:
“25. Default of a party.—Unless<br>otherwise agreed by the parties, where,<br>without showing sufficient cause,—
(a) the claimant fails to communicate<br>his statement of claim in accordance<br>with sub­section (1) of section 23, the<br>arbitral tribunal shall terminate the<br>proceedings;
(b) the respondent fails to communicate<br>his statement of defence in accordance<br>with sub­section (1) of section 23, the<br>arbitral tribunal shall continue the<br>proceedings without treating that failure<br>in itself as an admission of the<br>allegations by the claimant and shall<br>have the discretion to treat the right of<br>the respondent to file such statement of<br>defence as having been forfeited.
(c) a party fails to appear at an oral<br>hearing or to produce documentary<br>evidence, the arbitral tribunal may<br>continue the proceedings and make<br>the arbitral award on the evidence<br>before it.”
(emphasis added)
Clause (a) of Section 25 of the Arbitration Act provides that on<br>the failure of the claimants to communicate the statement of<br>claim in accordance with sub­section (1) of Section 23, the
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  8  of  20 Arbitral Tribunal shall terminate the proceedings.  Clause (b) of   Section   25   provides   that   if   the   respondent   fails   to communicate  his  statement  of  defence  in   accordance   with sub­section   (1)   of   Section   23,   the   Arbitral   Tribunal   shall continue the proceedings.   Clause (c) of Section 25 provides that if a party fails to appear at an oral hearing or to produce documents,   the   Arbitral   Tribunal   may   continue   the proceedings   and   make   the   arbitral   award   on   the   basis   of whatever evidence is available with it.  The power to terminate arbitral   proceedings   on   the   claimant's   default   to   file   a statement of claim is the only provision under the Arbitration Act to terminate the arbitral proceedings apart from Section 32. The Arbitration Act has two provisions for terminating 11. an Arbitrator's mandate.  Sections 14 and 15 are the relevant sections. The Arbitrator is empowered to withdraw from his office, which terminates his mandate. However, the arbitral proceedings continue by the arbitrator's substitution.  12. The   order   of   termination   passed   by   the   learned Arbitrator, in this case, gives an impression that he was of the view that unless parties move the Arbitral Tribunal with a request to fix a meeting or a date for the hearing, the Tribunal was under no obligation to fix a meeting or a date for hearing. The appointment of the Arbitral Tribunal is made with the object   of   adjudicating   upon   the   dispute   covered   by   the arbitration clause in the agreement between the parties.  By Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  9  of  20 agreement, the parties can appoint an Arbitrator or Arbitral Tribunal.  Otherwise, the Court can do so under section 11 of the Arbitration Act.  An Arbitrator does not do  pro bono  work. For him, it is a professional assignment.  A duty is vested in the learned Arbitrator or the Arbitral Tribunal to adjudicate upon the dispute and to make an award.  The object of the Arbitration Act is to provide for an efficient dispute resolution process.   An Arbitrator who has accepted his appointment cannot say that he will not fix a meeting to conduct arbitral proceedings or a hearing date unless the parties request him to do so. It is the duty of the Arbitral Tribunal to do so. If the claimant fails to file his statement of claim in accordance with Section 23, in view of clause (a) of Section 25, the learned Arbitrator   is   bound   to   terminate   the   proceedings.     If   the respondent   to   the   proceedings   fails   to   file   a   statement   of defence in accordance with Section 23, in the light of clause (b) of Section 25, the learned Arbitrator is bound to proceed further with the arbitral proceedings. Even if the claimant, after filing a statement of claim, fails to appear at an oral hearing or fails to produce documentary evidence, the learned Arbitrator is expected to continue the proceedings as provided in clause (c) of Section 25.  Thus, he can proceed to make an award in such a case. 13. On   a   conjoint   reading   of   Sections   14   and   15,   it   is apparent that an Arbitrator always has the option to withdraw for any reason. Therefore, he can withdraw because of the parties' non­cooperation in the proceedings. But in such a Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  10  of  20
case, his mandate will be terminated, not the arbitral<br>proceedings.
14. Now, we come to Section 32 of the Arbitration Act,<br>which reads thus:
“32. Termination of proceedings.— (1)<br>The arbitral proceedings shall be<br>terminated by the final arbitral award or<br>by an order of the arbitral tribunal<br>under sub­section (2).<br>(2) The arbitral tribunal shall issue an<br>order for the termination of the<br>arbitral proceedings where—<br>(a) the claimant withdraws his<br>claim, unless the respondent objects<br>to the order and the arbitral tribunal<br>recognises a legitimate interest on<br>his part in obtaining a final<br>settlement of the dispute,<br>(b) the parties agree on the<br>termination of the proceedings, or<br>(c) the arbitral tribunal finds that<br>the continuation of the<br>proceedings has for any other<br>reason become unnecessary or<br>impossible.<br>(3) Subject to section 33 and sub­<br>section (4) of section 34, the mandate of<br>the arbitral tribunal shall terminate<br>with the termination of the arbitral<br>proceedings.”<br>(emphasis added)“32. Termination of proceedings.— (1)<br>The arbitral proceedings shall be<br>terminated by the final arbitral award or<br>by an order of the arbitral tribunal<br>under sub­section (2).
(2) The arbitral tribunal shall issue an<br>order for the termination of the<br>arbitral proceedings where—
(a) the claimant withdraws his<br>claim, unless the respondent objects<br>to the order and the arbitral tribunal<br>recognises a legitimate interest on<br>his part in obtaining a final<br>settlement of the dispute,
(b) the parties agree on the<br>termination of the proceedings, or
(c) the arbitral tribunal finds that<br>the continuation of the<br>proceedings has for any other<br>reason become unnecessary or<br>impossible.
(3) Subject to section 33 and sub­<br>section (4) of section 34, the mandate of<br>the arbitral tribunal shall terminate<br>with the termination of the arbitral<br>proceedings.”
(emphasis added)
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  11  of  20
Section 32 provides for the termination of the arbitral<br>proceedings in the following contingencies:
a. On making final arbitral award;
b. On the Claimant withdrawing his claim as<br>provided under clause (a) of sub­section (2) of<br>Section 32;
c. Parties agreeing on termination of arbitral<br>proceedings as provided under clause (b) of sub­<br>section (2) of Section 32; or
d. When the Arbitral Tribunal finds that the<br>continuation of proceedings has become<br>unnecessary or impossible for any other reason, as<br>provided under clause (c) of sub­section (2) of<br>Section 32.
15. Therefore, clause (c) of sub­section (2) of Section 32 can<br>be invoked for reasons other than those mentioned in sub­<br>section (1) of Section 32 and clauses (a) and (b) of sub­section<br>(2) of Section 32. Under clause (c), the mere existence of a<br>reason for terminating the proceedings is not sufficient. The<br>reason must be such that the continuation of the proceedings<br>has become unnecessary or impossible. In a given case, when<br>a claimant files a claim and does not attend the proceedings,<br>clause (a) of Section 25 comes into operation, resulting in the<br>learned Arbitrator terminating the proceedings. If, after filing<br>a claim, the claimant fails to appear at an oral hearing or fails
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  12  of  20 to produce documentary evidence, it cannot be said that the continuation of proceedings has become unnecessary.  If the claimant fails to appear at an oral hearing after filing the claim,   in   view   of   clause   (c)   of   Section   25,   the   learned Arbitrator can proceed with the arbitral proceedings.  The fact that clause (c) of Section 25 enables the Arbitral Tribunal to proceed in the absence of the claimant shows the legislature's intention that the claimant's failure to appear after filing the claim cannot be a ground to say that the proceedings have become unnecessary or impossible. 16. Therefore, if the party fails to appear for a hearing after filing   a   claim,   the   learned   Arbitrator   cannot   say   that continuing the arbitral proceedings has become unnecessary. Abandonment by the claimant of his claim may be grounds for   saying   that   the   arbitral   proceedings   have   become unnecessary.     However,   the   abandonment   must   be established.  Abandonment can be either express or implied. Abandonment cannot be readily inferred. One can say that there is an implied abandonment when admitted or proved facts are so clinching and convincing that the only inference which can be drawn is of the abandonment.  Mere absence in proceedings or failure to participate does not,  per se,  amount to   abandonment.   Only   if   the   established   conduct   of   a claimant is such that it leads only to one conclusion that the claimant  has   given  up,   his/her  claim   can  an  inference  of abandonment be drawn.   Merely because a claimant, after filing   his   statement   of   claim,   does   not   move   the   Arbitral Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  13  of  20 Tribunal to fix a date for the hearing, it cannot be said that the claimant has abandoned his claim.  The reason is that the Arbitral Tribunal has a duty to fix a date for a hearing.  If the parties remain absent, the Arbitral Tribunal can take recourse to Section 25. 17. Now, coming to the facts of the case, we must note here that Sheil and Marico had filed separate suits.   In the suit th filed by Marico, an order was passed on 13   October 2011, referring the dispute involved therein to the sole Arbitrator. Similarly, in the suit filed by Sheil, the order of reference to th the learned Arbitrator was passed on 17   November 2011. Therefore, by two separate orders, two arbitral proceedings were ordered to be initiated.  In one proceeding, the claimant was   Marico.     The   first   appellant   and   Sheil   were   the respondents. In the other, Sheil was the claimant.  The first appellant and Marico were the respondents.   In fact, in the th minutes of the preliminary meeting dated 8  November 2011, it is noted that the learned Arbitrator issued directions to Marico and Sheil to file their statements of claim.  Therefore, even   the   learned   Arbitrator   proceeded   on   the   footing   that there  were  two  distinct   claimants  and  claims.    They   were directed  to   file  their  statements  of  claim   in  the  respective th arbitral proceedings.  After that, on 20  December 2011, the learned Arbitrator granted an extension of time to complete the   pleadings.   Both   the   claimants   filed   their   respective statements of claim. The learned Arbitrator first conducted arbitral   proceedings   in   which   the   claimant   was   Marico. Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  14  of  20
Paragraph 10 of the award dated 6th May 2017 made on<br>Marico’s claim is very relevant, which reads thus:
“10. The 2nd Respondent has also filed a<br>reply to the Statement of Claim.<br>However, no evidence was led by the 2nd<br>Respondent (either documentary or oral)<br>nor was any argument addressed by the<br>2nd Respondent to me, although the 2nd<br>Respondent was present at all<br>hearings of this arbitration.”
(emphasis added)
The respondent no.2 before the Arbitral Tribunal was Sheil,<br>as can be seen from the cause title of the award. Thus, Sheil<br>was represented throughout before the Arbitral Tribunal<br>during the hearing of the claim of Marico. Therefore, it<br>cannot be said that the first respondent herein (Sheil)<br>remained absent. On the contrary, it was present at all<br>hearings. Nothing is placed on record to show that<br>simultaneously with the arbitral proceedings based on the<br>claim of Marico, any meeting or date was fixed by the learned<br>Arbitrator for hearing the claim of Sheil. The first meeting on<br>Sheil’s claim was fixed on 11th March 2020 when COVID­19<br>pandemic had already set in.
18. The application made by the first appellant under<br>Section 32(2)(c) of the Arbitration Act, in short, raised the<br>following contentions:
a. Sheil did not bother to pursue its claim for eight<br>years after filing the statement of claim;
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  15  of  20 th b. Sheil  did  not   attend  the  meeting   of  11   March 2020; th c. Sheil   attended   the   next   meeting   held   on   12 August 2020 and informed the learned Arbitrator that it wished to press its claim and d. Sheil has abandoned its claim. Sheil filed an affidavit in reply to the said application 19. filed by the first appellant.   In the reply, a contention has been raised that the reference filed by Marico was taken up th first and therefore, till the award was made on 6  May 2017, there was no requirement on the part of Sheil to take any further steps.   The affidavit of evidence of Mr. Sanjay Patel th was affirmed on 16   April 2017 and was kept ready.   Sheil has   pleaded   that   there   was   a   requirement   to   change   its advocate.  After Sheil engaged the services of M/s. Markand st Gandhi & Co., its senior partner fell ill and died on 1  May th 2018.  As regards the meeting held on 11  March 2020, Sheil claimed that it had deputed one Mr Utsav Ghosh to attend the meeting.  He reached late after the meeting dispersed. The question is whether Sheil abandoned its claim filed 20. before   the   learned   Arbitrator.     As   stated   earlier,   Sheil regularly   attended   meetings   held   to   hear   Marico's   claim. During   the   period   during   which   the   claim   of   Marico   was heard, at no stage, the learned Arbitrator suggested that the Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  16  of  20 claim   of   Sheil   could   be   heard   simultaneously.     On   the contrary, from the conduct of the parties and the learned Arbitrator, an inference can be drawn that Marico's claim was given priority.  Two meetings were convened in March 2020 in connection with Sheil's claim.  In March 2020, the COVID­19 was spreading its wings in our country. The second meeting in March 2020 was admittedly not held. In any case, there is no express abandonment.   Even if it is to be implied, there must be convincing circumstances on record which lead to an inevitable inference about the abandonment.  In the facts of the   case,   there   was   no   abandonment   either   express   or implied.  In a case where the claim is abandoned, the learned Arbitrator can take the view that it would be unnecessary to continue the proceedings based on the already abandoned claim.   In this case, the inference of the abandonment has been drawn by the learned Arbitrator only on the grounds that Sheil did not challenge the Marico award and took no steps to convene the meeting of the Arbitral Tribunal.   The failure   to   challenge   the   award   on   Marico’s   claim   will   not amount to abandonment of the claim filed by Sheil in January 2012.  In the claim submitted by Sheil, a prayer was made in the   alternative   for   passing   an   award   in   terms   of   money against the first appellant. Therefore, we hold that there was absolutely no material on record to conclude that Sheil had abandoned its claim or, at least, the claim against the first th appellant.  Till the award dated 6  May 2017 was passed in Marico’s claim, Sheil’s representative was always present at Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  17  of  20
all hearings till the passing of the award. After the award, the<br>learned Arbitrator never convened a meeting to deal with<br>Sheil’s claim until 11th March 2020. Hence, the finding of the<br>learned Arbitrator that there was abandonment of the claim<br>by the first appellant is not based on any documentary or oral<br>evidence on record. The finding is entirely illegal. Such a<br>finding could never have been rendered on the material before<br>the Arbitral Tribunal. Thus, the learned Arbitrator committed<br>illegality.
21. To conclude,
a. The power under clause (c) of sub­section (2) of<br>Section 32 of the Arbitration Act can be exercised<br>only if, for some reason, the continuation of<br>proceedings has become unnecessary or<br>impossible. Unless the Arbitral Tribunal records<br>its satisfaction based on the material on record<br>that proceedings have become unnecessary or<br>impossible, the power under clause (c) of sub­<br>section (2) of Section 32 cannot be exercised. If<br>the said power is exercised casually, it will defeat<br>the very object of enacting the Arbitration Act;
b. It is the Arbitral Tribunal's duty to fix a meeting<br>for hearing even if parties to the proceedings do<br>not make such a request. It is the duty of the<br>Arbitral Tribunal to adjudicate upon the dispute<br>referred to it. If, on a date fixed for a
Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  18  of  20 meeting/hearing,   the   parties   remain   absent without   any   reasonable   cause,   the   Arbitral Tribunal can always take recourse to the relevant provisions of the Arbitration Act, such as Section 25; c. The failure of the claimant to request the Arbitral Tribunal to fix a date for hearing,   per se,   is no ground   to   conclude   that   the   proceedings   have become unnecessary; and d. The abandonment of the claim by a claimant can be a ground to invoke clause (c) of sub­section (2) of Section 32.  The abandonment of the claim can be either express or implied.   The abandonment cannot be readily inferred.   There is an implied abandonment when admitted or proved facts are so clinching that the only inference which can be drawn   is   of   the   abandonment.     Only   if   the established conduct of a claimant is such that it leads only to one conclusion that the claimant has given   up   his/her   claim   can   an   inference   of abandonment   be   drawn.     Even   if   it   is   to   be implied, there must be convincing circumstances on   record   which   lead   to   an   inevitable  inference about   the   abandonment.     Only   because   a claimant, after filing his statement of claim, does not move the Arbitral Tribunal to fix a date for the Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  19  of  20
hearing, the failure of the claimant, per se, will not<br>amount to the abandonment of the claim.
22. Therefore, for the reasons recorded above, we concur<br>with the view taken by the learned Single Judge. The appeal<br>is, accordingly, dismissed with no order as to costs. As the<br>learned sole Arbitrator has withdrawn from the proceedings,<br>the parties shall take necessary steps to get the substituted<br>Arbitrator appointed in accordance with law.
….…………………….J.
(Abhay S. Oka)
…..…………………...J.   (Pankaj Mithal) New Delhi; May 16, 2024. Special Leave Petition (C) no.19301 of 2023                            Page  20  of  20