Full Judgment Text
Non-reportable
2025 INSC 353
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NOs. --------- & -------- OF 2025
(@ S.L.P.(C) Nos. 4361-4362 of 2019)
Zaid Sheikh … Appellant
Versus
The State of Madhya Pradesh and others … Respondents
J U D G M E N T
SANJAY KUMAR, J
1. Leave granted.
2. The appellant before us almost completed his education
under the protection of interim orders granted by the Madhya Pradesh
High Court but was ultimately shown the door, when Writ Petition
No.10267 of 2012 filed by him was dismissed on 18.06.2014 by a
Division Bench of the High Court. His petition seeking review of the said
order, viz., Review Petition No. 236 of 2014, met with the same fate on
01.08.2014. Aggrieved thereby, he filed these special leave petitions in
Signature Not Verified
Digitally signed by
Deepak Guglani
Date: 2025.03.18
16:01:59 IST
Reason:
November, 2014, with a delay of 45 days, which was condoned only in
the year 2019.
1
3. The appellant completed his High School Education (10+2)
in the year 2008 from the Madhya Pradesh Sanskrit Board, Bhopal. He
appeared in the Pre-Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and Unani Entrance Test,
2008, and secured admission to B.A.M.S. (Bachelor of Ayurvedic
Medicine and Surgery) Degree Course in Smt. Dhairya Prabha Devi
Sojatia Ayurvedic Medical College at Neemthur in Tehsil Bhanpura,
District Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, in September, 2008. He completed
the first-year course and secured 940 marks out of 1600. While so, Smt.
Dhairya Prabha Devi Sojatia Ayurvedic Medical College at Neemthur
came to be de-recognized. The students of the said College were
transferred to Shaskiya Swasashi Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical
College at Ujjain in July, 2012. However, the appellant was not given this
benefit on the ground that he was actually ineligible to be admitted to
B.A.M.S. Degree Course as he had not taken and passed 'English' as a
subject in his 10+2 examination.
4. Challenging the same, he filed the subject Writ Petition
No.10267 of 2012 before the Madhya Pradesh High Court in October,
2012. Pursuant to the interim orders passed therein on 30.10.2012, he
was permitted to attend classes. Surprisingly, the Principal of Shaskiya
Swasashi Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College, Ujjain, had issued
Allotment Letter dated 19.09.2012 to the appellant even before the filing
of his writ petition. He informed the appellant that he had been
2
transferred to and admitted to B.A.M.S. 3rd Prof. in the said College and
directed him to present himself within 3 days along with requisite
documents and the prescribed fee for taking admission. Significantly, the
said Allotment Letter ended with the following paragraph.
th
‘Certificate of Passing of Class 12 in English
Subject in the attached Mark-sheet of Sanskrit
Board or Provisionally admitted on the condition of
passing English Subject in Class 12.’
It is, therefore, clear that the appellant was required to either
produce his pass certificate in proof of having taken English as a subject
and passing the same or in the event he failed to do so, he was
provisionally admitted subject to the condition that he would pass
English as a subject in Class 12.
th
5. Admittedly, the appellant re-appeared for the 12 class
examination conducted by the Board of Secondary Education, Madhya
Pradesh, in March, 2013. Therein, he took English as a subject and
passed it by securing 70 marks. Apart from this examination, he also
appeared in the Senior Secondary School Examination conducted by the
National Institute of Open Schooling, an autonomous institution under
the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India,
and the Provisional Certificate issued by the said Institute on 05.06.2014
demonstrates that he passed the said examination with the subjects -
English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Hindi. It is also an admitted fact
3
that the appellant had prosecuted the entire studies of B.A.M.S. Degree
Course and had also completed part of his mandatory internship at the
time his writ petition was dismissed.
6. The Division Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court,
Bench at Indore, non-suited the appellant on the ground that he was
initially ineligible to be admitted to B.A.M.S. Degree Course as he had
not taken and passed ‘English’ as a subject in the qualifying examination
of 10+2. The Division Bench was apprised of the fact that the appellant
th
had again taken the 12 class examination with English as a subject and
had passed the same during the pendency of the Writ Petition but it was
not persuaded to hold in his favour. The appellant’s entreaty to review
the dismissal of his writ petition was peremptorily rejected by the Bench
on the ground that there was no error apparent on the face of the record.
7. Though there can be no dispute with the proposition that
fulfilling the basic eligibility for admission to a course is a sine qua non,
which ought not to be overlooked or ignored, the peculiar facts of the
case on hand ought to have weighed with the High Court while
considering the plight of the appellant. His initial admission in the first
College was in clear violation of the Madhya Pradesh
Ayurveda/Unani/Homeopathy Undergraduate Entrance Examination
Rules - 2008, which prescribed the eligibility condition that candidates of
all categories and classes were required to have passed English as a
4
subject in the qualifying examination of 10+2. However, the said College
came to be de-recognized and all the students of that College were
transferred to the Shaskiya Swasashi Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical
College, Ujjain, and the appellant was allowed to pass English as a
subject in Class 12, when he was provisionally admitted by the said
College. That fact ought to have been given more weightage by the High
Court. More so, as the appellant had acted upon the said Allotment
Letter and reappeared for the Class 12 examination, twice over, with
English as a subject and had passed it.
8. Though, the interim order granted by the High Court on
30.10.2012 recorded that the appellant would not be entitled to claim
equities, the fact that he was permitted to complete the entire course and
had also finished part of his mandatory internship ought not to have
been brushed aside lightly. Be it noted that the appellant had put in
nearly 6 years by then in pursuing B.A.M.S. Degree Course and the end
result of the High Court’s order was to decimate his entire labour of all
those years. An act of the Court should, ordinarily, not prejudice anyone
( Actus curiae neminem gravabit ). This is a fundamental principle of
justice, but it was disregarded by the High Court while considering the
case of the appellant. In any event, the appellant's so-called ineligibility,
which was not essential in the context of the course that he had taken,
was cured by him thereafter owing to the liberty given by the College
5
itself while provisionally admitting him to the course in September, 2012.
Given these peculiar facts, we are of the opinion that this is a fit case for
interference so that the appellant is not left out in the cold after
completing almost the entire course.
9. The appeals are accordingly allowed, setting aside the order
dated 18.06.2014 passed by the Madhya Pradesh High Court in W.P.
No. 10267 of 2012 and the order dated 01.08.2014 passed by it in
Review Petition No. 236 of 2014. The appellant shall be permitted to
complete his course and internship in Shaskiya Swasashi Dhanwantari
Ayurvedic Medical College, Ujjain, and the authorities concerned shall
thereafter issue him his B.A.M.S. Degree in accordance with due
procedure.
No order as to costs.
............................., J
(SANJAY KUMAR)
………………............................., J
(AUGUSTINE GEORGE MASIH)
March 18, 2025
New Delhi.
6
2025 INSC 353
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NOs. --------- & -------- OF 2025
(@ S.L.P.(C) Nos. 4361-4362 of 2019)
Zaid Sheikh … Appellant
Versus
The State of Madhya Pradesh and others … Respondents
J U D G M E N T
SANJAY KUMAR, J
1. Leave granted.
2. The appellant before us almost completed his education
under the protection of interim orders granted by the Madhya Pradesh
High Court but was ultimately shown the door, when Writ Petition
No.10267 of 2012 filed by him was dismissed on 18.06.2014 by a
Division Bench of the High Court. His petition seeking review of the said
order, viz., Review Petition No. 236 of 2014, met with the same fate on
01.08.2014. Aggrieved thereby, he filed these special leave petitions in
Signature Not Verified
Digitally signed by
Deepak Guglani
Date: 2025.03.18
16:01:59 IST
Reason:
November, 2014, with a delay of 45 days, which was condoned only in
the year 2019.
1
3. The appellant completed his High School Education (10+2)
in the year 2008 from the Madhya Pradesh Sanskrit Board, Bhopal. He
appeared in the Pre-Ayurvedic, Homeopathic and Unani Entrance Test,
2008, and secured admission to B.A.M.S. (Bachelor of Ayurvedic
Medicine and Surgery) Degree Course in Smt. Dhairya Prabha Devi
Sojatia Ayurvedic Medical College at Neemthur in Tehsil Bhanpura,
District Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, in September, 2008. He completed
the first-year course and secured 940 marks out of 1600. While so, Smt.
Dhairya Prabha Devi Sojatia Ayurvedic Medical College at Neemthur
came to be de-recognized. The students of the said College were
transferred to Shaskiya Swasashi Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical
College at Ujjain in July, 2012. However, the appellant was not given this
benefit on the ground that he was actually ineligible to be admitted to
B.A.M.S. Degree Course as he had not taken and passed 'English' as a
subject in his 10+2 examination.
4. Challenging the same, he filed the subject Writ Petition
No.10267 of 2012 before the Madhya Pradesh High Court in October,
2012. Pursuant to the interim orders passed therein on 30.10.2012, he
was permitted to attend classes. Surprisingly, the Principal of Shaskiya
Swasashi Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College, Ujjain, had issued
Allotment Letter dated 19.09.2012 to the appellant even before the filing
of his writ petition. He informed the appellant that he had been
2
transferred to and admitted to B.A.M.S. 3rd Prof. in the said College and
directed him to present himself within 3 days along with requisite
documents and the prescribed fee for taking admission. Significantly, the
said Allotment Letter ended with the following paragraph.
th
‘Certificate of Passing of Class 12 in English
Subject in the attached Mark-sheet of Sanskrit
Board or Provisionally admitted on the condition of
passing English Subject in Class 12.’
It is, therefore, clear that the appellant was required to either
produce his pass certificate in proof of having taken English as a subject
and passing the same or in the event he failed to do so, he was
provisionally admitted subject to the condition that he would pass
English as a subject in Class 12.
th
5. Admittedly, the appellant re-appeared for the 12 class
examination conducted by the Board of Secondary Education, Madhya
Pradesh, in March, 2013. Therein, he took English as a subject and
passed it by securing 70 marks. Apart from this examination, he also
appeared in the Senior Secondary School Examination conducted by the
National Institute of Open Schooling, an autonomous institution under
the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India,
and the Provisional Certificate issued by the said Institute on 05.06.2014
demonstrates that he passed the said examination with the subjects -
English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Hindi. It is also an admitted fact
3
that the appellant had prosecuted the entire studies of B.A.M.S. Degree
Course and had also completed part of his mandatory internship at the
time his writ petition was dismissed.
6. The Division Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court,
Bench at Indore, non-suited the appellant on the ground that he was
initially ineligible to be admitted to B.A.M.S. Degree Course as he had
not taken and passed ‘English’ as a subject in the qualifying examination
of 10+2. The Division Bench was apprised of the fact that the appellant
th
had again taken the 12 class examination with English as a subject and
had passed the same during the pendency of the Writ Petition but it was
not persuaded to hold in his favour. The appellant’s entreaty to review
the dismissal of his writ petition was peremptorily rejected by the Bench
on the ground that there was no error apparent on the face of the record.
7. Though there can be no dispute with the proposition that
fulfilling the basic eligibility for admission to a course is a sine qua non,
which ought not to be overlooked or ignored, the peculiar facts of the
case on hand ought to have weighed with the High Court while
considering the plight of the appellant. His initial admission in the first
College was in clear violation of the Madhya Pradesh
Ayurveda/Unani/Homeopathy Undergraduate Entrance Examination
Rules - 2008, which prescribed the eligibility condition that candidates of
all categories and classes were required to have passed English as a
4
subject in the qualifying examination of 10+2. However, the said College
came to be de-recognized and all the students of that College were
transferred to the Shaskiya Swasashi Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical
College, Ujjain, and the appellant was allowed to pass English as a
subject in Class 12, when he was provisionally admitted by the said
College. That fact ought to have been given more weightage by the High
Court. More so, as the appellant had acted upon the said Allotment
Letter and reappeared for the Class 12 examination, twice over, with
English as a subject and had passed it.
8. Though, the interim order granted by the High Court on
30.10.2012 recorded that the appellant would not be entitled to claim
equities, the fact that he was permitted to complete the entire course and
had also finished part of his mandatory internship ought not to have
been brushed aside lightly. Be it noted that the appellant had put in
nearly 6 years by then in pursuing B.A.M.S. Degree Course and the end
result of the High Court’s order was to decimate his entire labour of all
those years. An act of the Court should, ordinarily, not prejudice anyone
( Actus curiae neminem gravabit ). This is a fundamental principle of
justice, but it was disregarded by the High Court while considering the
case of the appellant. In any event, the appellant's so-called ineligibility,
which was not essential in the context of the course that he had taken,
was cured by him thereafter owing to the liberty given by the College
5
itself while provisionally admitting him to the course in September, 2012.
Given these peculiar facts, we are of the opinion that this is a fit case for
interference so that the appellant is not left out in the cold after
completing almost the entire course.
9. The appeals are accordingly allowed, setting aside the order
dated 18.06.2014 passed by the Madhya Pradesh High Court in W.P.
No. 10267 of 2012 and the order dated 01.08.2014 passed by it in
Review Petition No. 236 of 2014. The appellant shall be permitted to
complete his course and internship in Shaskiya Swasashi Dhanwantari
Ayurvedic Medical College, Ujjain, and the authorities concerned shall
thereafter issue him his B.A.M.S. Degree in accordance with due
procedure.
No order as to costs.
............................., J
(SANJAY KUMAR)
………………............................., J
(AUGUSTINE GEORGE MASIH)
March 18, 2025
New Delhi.
6