Full Judgment Text
Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
| L APPELL | ATE JURI |
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.2602 OF 2014 @
SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CRL.) NO.3134 OF 2012
STATE TR. INSP. OF POLICE .…. APPELLANT
Versus
A. ARUN KUMAR & ANR. ….RESPONDENTS
J U D G M E N T
JUDGMENT
UDAY UMESH LALIT, J.
1. Leave granted. This appeal arises out of the judgment and order
dated 22.08.2011 passed by the High Court of Madras in Crl. R.C. No.106
of 2009 whereby it set aside the order of the Special Court dated 19.12.2008
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dismissing the application for discharge preferred by the Respondents
herein.
| with sectio | n 420, 467 |
|---|
IPC and section 13 (2) read with section 13(1)(d) of The Prevention of
Corruption Act, 1988 (POC Act for short) and section 32 of the Customs
Act, 1962 on the allegations that accused nos. 1-3 named therein had entered
into a criminal conspiracy with accused no.4 who was Appraiser of
Customs, Inland Container Depot (ICD), Irugur, Coimbatore and with
accused no.5, Inspector of Customs, Inland Container Depot, Irugur,
Coimbatore during 2004-2005 and in pursuance of said conspiracy had filed
false and fabricated documents to claim duty draw back to the tune of
Rs.2.14 crores (approximately) from ICD, Irugur. It was alleged that said
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accused nos.1-3 had filed certain Shipping Bills and that the export
documents were assessed by accused no.4 i.e. respondent no.1 and after such
assessment the goods were examined by accused no.5 i.e. respondent No.2.
After completion of the customs formalities the goods were stuffed in
containers which were sealed and transported to Cochin for consignment to
Dubai. It was alleged that accused no.1 produced different sets of forged
shipping bills by adding a digit before the total quantity of shipment thereby
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inflating the value of shipment and fraudulently claimed duty draw back.
These forged shipping bills were endorsed by the respondents. A chart was
relied upon to show how the total quantity and the present market value
| differed by addition of a digit. The chart was as follows: | |||||
| Name of the<br>Firm | Total Qty. in<br>Kg (Net<br>Weight as<br>declared in<br>transference<br>copy of<br>Shipping Bill<br>(presented to<br>Cochin<br>Customs) | Total Qty.<br>(Net Weight<br>as declared in<br>GR Form<br>Shipping<br>Bill)<br>presented to<br>RBI for<br>matching for<br>foreign<br>Exchange<br>Realisation | Present<br>Market Value<br>declared in<br>transference<br>Shipping Bill<br>(Indian<br>Rupee) | Present<br>Market Value<br>declared in<br>GR Form<br>Shipping Bill<br>(Indian<br>Rupee) | |
| [1] | [2] | [3 | ] | [4] | [5] |
| M/s J.S.<br>Babu, Inc. | 79257 | 479257 | 17492880 | 117492880 | |
| M/s Samy<br>Metal<br>Industries | 27176 | 187176 | 4850990 | 44850990 | |
| M/s<br>Ayyappan<br>Industries | JU<br>38836 | DGME<br>258836 | NT<br>8586055 | 63586055 | |
| Total | 30929925 | 225929925 |
3. A regular case was registered on the allegations as aforesaid and
investigation was conducted by CBI which later filed charge sheet against
said five accused on 28.04.2008. The allegations against respondent nos. 1
& 2 were:
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| ng inflated<br>Manish | weight in<br>Kumar J |
|---|
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“….. In pursuance of the said criminal conspiracy A-1
Manish Kumar Jain and A-2 R.V. Shanmugam prepared
two sets of Shipping Bills and GR Forms and exported
some stainless steel utensils in the name of M/s
Ayyappan Industries, M/s Shri J.S. Babu Inc. and M/s
Samy Metal Industries. In furtherance of the criminal
conspiracy, A-1 Manish Kumar Jain and A-3 N. Rajan
prepared the shipping bills. The documents were filed by
A-1 Manish Kumar Jain and A-2 R. V. Shanmugam at
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| ate Genera<br>used per | l of Centr<br>sons rem |
|---|
4. The respondents preferred application under section 239 of Cr.P.C.
seeking discharge. The special court after having considered the matter,
came to the conclusion that a case for framing charges against the
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respondents under section 468, 471 and 201 IPC and under section 15 of the
POC Act and under sections 132 and 136 of the Customs Act was made out.
The special court thus dismissed the application by its order dated
19.12.2008. The respondents being aggrieved preferred revision under
section 397 read with 401 of Cr.P.C. before the High Court. During the
pendency of said revision the special court framed following charges against
the accused:
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| Charge No. | Accused | Offences under section/s | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | A-1 to A-5 | 120-B r/w 511 IPC, 468, 471 and 201 IPC/Section<br>15 of the prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and<br>section 132 and 136 of the Custom Act. | |
| II | A-1 to A-2 | 468 IP | C |
| III | A-1 to A-2 | 468 r/w 471 IPC | |
| IV | A-1 to A-3 | 511 r/w 420 IPC | |
| V | A-1 to A-2 | 201 IPC | |
| VI | A-4 to A-5 | 201 IPC | |
| VII | A-1 to A-3 | 132 of the customs Act | |
| VIII | A-4 to A-5 | 136 of the customs Act | |
| IX | A-4 to A-5 | 15 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 198 | |
| 5. The High Court took the view that there was nothing on record to<br>justify framing of charges against the respondents. It was observed thus:<br>“….. It is to be stated that this Court is also constrained to state<br>that even for raising such suspicion much less very strong<br>suspicion; the prosecution has not produced a scrap of material<br>either through statement or through any other document to |
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As regards charges under Section 15 of the POC Act, the High Court
observed as under:
“…. Section 15 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988,
punishment for attempt, could be invoked only in the event of
charge framed under clause (c) of clause (d) of sub-section (1)
of Section 13. As far as the case on hand is concerned, the trial
court has not charged the petitioners for the offence under
Section 13(1)(c) or (d).”
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The High Court, thus accepted the submission that no case made out to
frame any charges against the respondents and allowing the Revision by its
judgment and order dated 22.08.2011, set aside the order dated 19.12.2008
of the Special Court.
6. The present appeal challenges the correctness of the view taken by the
High Court. By way of an additional affidavit, the appellant placed on
record, copies of relevant Shipping Bills and the corresponding Exchange
Control declaration forms. We have heard Ms. Vibha Dutt Makhija, learned
senior counsel appearing for the appellant who invited our attention to
documents on record to bring home the point about discrepancy in the total
quantity of shipment and the value of shipment in two sets of documents. It
was submitted that the High Court was not right and justified in observing
that there was no material on record at all. Mr. B.A. Khan and Mr. Ratnakar
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Dash, learned senior counsel appearing for Respondent Nos.1 and 2,
respectively supported the view taken by the High Court. It was submitted
by the learned counsel that there never existed two sets of shipping bills, that
none of the witnesses deposed against the respondents that no duty draw
back had been claimed at all and that the High Court was right in concluding
that there was no material against the respondents. Relying on Ganga
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1
Kumar Srivastava v. State of Bihar it was submitted that no case for
interference by this Court was made out.
| By way o | f sample, |
|---|
for the quantity of 3568 Kgs with value at Rs.7,88,830 whereas the
corresponding Exchange Control Declaration (GR) mentions the quantity as
23568 Kgs i.e. to say digit “2” stands added and the value shown is
Rs.57,88,830 i.e. to say digit “5” stands added. In the process, the value was
inflated which would in turn increase the amount of duty drawback
multifold. The documents placed on record which are part of the charge-
sheet, certainly raise grave suspicion against the respondents.
8. The law on the point is succinctly stated by this Court in Sajjan
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2
Kumar v. CBI wherein after referring to Union of India v. Prafulla Kumar
3 4
Samal and Dilawar Balu Kurane v. State of Maharashtra this Court
observed in para 19 thus:
| “ | It is clear that at the initial stage, if there is a strong |
|---|---|
| suspicion which leads the Court to think that there is | |
| ground for presuming that the accused has committed an |
1
(2005) 6 SCC 211
2
(2010) 9 SCC 368
3
(1909) 3 SCC 4
4
(2002) 2 SCC 135
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| offence, then it is not open to the court to say that there is | |
|---|---|
| no sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused. | |
| The presumption of the guilt of the accused which is to | |
| be drawn at the initial stage is only for the purpose of | |
| deciding prima facie whether the Court should proceed | |
| with the trial or not. If the evidence which the | |
| prosecution proposes to adduce prove the guilt of the | |
| accused even if fully accepted before it is challenged in | |
| cross-examination or rebutted by the defence evidence, if | |
| any, cannot show that the accused committed the offence, | |
| then there will be no sufficient ground for proceeding | |
| with the trial. | ” |
This Court the went on to cull out principles as regards scope of
Sections 227 and 228 of the Code, which in our view broadly apply to
Sections 238 and 239 of the Code as well. It was observed thus in para 21:
| “Exercise of jurisdiction<br>Cr.P.C. | under Sections 227 & 228 of |
|---|---|
| 21. On consideration of the authorities about the scope<br>of Section 227 and 228 of the Code, the following<br>principles emerge: | |
| (i) The Judge while considering the question of framing<br>JUDGMENT<br>the charges under Section 227 of the Cr.P.C. has the<br>undoubted power to sift and weigh the evidence for the<br>limited purpose of finding out whether or not a prima<br>facie case against the accused has been made out. The<br>test to determine prima facie case would depend upon the<br>facts of each case. | |
| (ii) Where the materials placed before the Court disclose<br>grave suspicion against the accused which has not been<br>properly explained, the Court will be fully justified in<br>framing a charge and proceeding with the trial. | |
| (iii) The Court cannot act merely as a Post Office or a<br>mouthpiece of the prosecution but has to consider the |
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| broad probabilities of the case, the total effect of the<br>evidence and the documents produced before the Court,<br>any basic infirmities etc. However, at this stage, there<br>cannot be a roving enquiry into the pros and cons of the<br>matter and weigh the evidence as if he was conducting a<br>trial. | ||
|---|---|---|
| (iv) If on the basis of the material on record, the Court<br>could form an opinion that the accused might have<br>committed offence, it can frame the charge, though for<br>conviction the conclusion is required to be proved<br>beyond reasonable doubt that the accused has committed<br>the offence. | ||
| (v) At the time of framing of the charges, the probative<br>value of the material on record cannot be gone into but<br>before framing a charge the Court must apply its judicial<br>mind on the material placed on record and must be<br>satisfied that the commission of offence by the accused<br>was possible. | ||
| (vi) At the stage of Sections 227 and 228, the Court is<br>required to evaluate the material and documents on<br>record with a view to find out if the facts emerging<br>therefrom taken at their face value discloses the existence<br>of all the ingredients constituting the alleged offence. For<br>this limited purpose, sift the evidence as it cannot be<br>expected evJen Uat tDhatG iniMtial EstagNe tTo accept all that the<br>prosecution states as gospel truth even if it is opposed to<br>common sense or the broad probabilities of the case. | ||
| (vii) If two views are possible and one of them gives rise<br>to suspicion only, as distinguished from grave suspicion,<br>the trial Judge will be empowered to discharge the<br>accused and at this stage, he is not to see whether the trial<br>will end in conviction or acquittal.” |
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9. In our considered view, the material on record discloses grave
suspicion against the respondents and the Special Court was right in framing
charges against the respondents. We must also observe that the High Court
| that Secti | on 15 of |
|---|
invoked in the present case. Since the duty draw back was not actually
availed, the prosecution had rightly alleged that there was an attempt to
commit offence under the relevant clauses of Section 13(1) of the POC Act.
It is not the requirement of law that in order to charge an accused under
Section 15 of the POC Act he must also be charged either under Section
13(1)(c) of 13(1)(d) of the POC Act. The assessment of the High Court in
that behalf is not correct.
10. In our view the instant case calls for interference by this Court. We,
therefore, set aside the judgment and order passed by the High Court and
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restore the order of the Special Court. The respondents thus continue to
stand charged and must consequently face the trial. However, it must be
recorded that this Court has considered the matter only from the stand point
whether the respondents be discharged or not and we shall not be taken to
have expressed any opinion on merits. The matter shall and must be dealt
with purely on merits by the concerned court.
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11. We allow this appeal in the aforesaid terms.
………………………..J.
(Dipak Misra)
……………………….J.
(Uday Umesh Lalit)
New Delhi,
December 17, 2014
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