Full Judgment Text
1
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL Nos. 1188611887 OF 2016
(ARISING OUT OF SLP(C)NO. 2341023411 of 2011 )
ROBUST HOTELS PVT. LTD
& ORS. .... APPELLANTS
VERSUS
EIH LIMITED & ORS. .... RESPONDENTS
WITH
CIVIL APPEAL Nos. 1188811889 OF 2016
(ARISING OUT OF SLP(C)NO. 1774217743 of 2012)
EIH LIMITED & ANR. ...APPELLANTS
VERSUS
BALAJI HOTELS & ENTERPRISES
LTD. & ORS. ...RESPONDENTS
J U D G M E N T
JUDGMENT
ASHOK BHUSHAN, J.
Leave granted.
2. These appeals along with connected appeals although
emanates from two different suits filed by the same
plaintiff, but the parties being common and sequence
of facts being interrelated, we have heard the
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appeals together and they are being decided by this
common judgment.
Civil Appeal Nos.......Of 2016
(Arising Out of SLP(C)Nos. 2341011 of 2011 )
3. These appeals have been filed against the
th
judgment and order dated 26 July, 2011 passed by High
Court of Madras in C.M.A. No. 798 of 2011 and MP No. 1
of 2011 arising out of C.S. No. 257 of 2005 renumbered
as OS No. 12159 of 2010. Brief facts of the case,
necessary to be noted for deciding the appeal are:
The EIH Ltd., Respondent No. 1 (hereinafter
referred to, as EIH) to the appeal is a company which
JUDGMENT
operates a chain of luxury hotels. The Oberoi Hotels
Private Ltd., Respondent No. 2 owns a brand name
'Oberoi'.
4. On 26.10.1988 EIH entered into 'Technical
Services Agreement' (for short TSA) with one Balaji
Construction (P.) Ltd. Predecessorsininterest of the
rd
3 Respondent Balaji Hotels & Enterprises Ltd. (for
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short, BHEL). The agreement provided that EIH would
provide its technical knowledge and skill required for
operation of hotel, which was being constructed by
BHEL. Another agreement on January 12, 2000 was
entered between BHEL and EIH, where it was recorded
that on the request of BHEL, EIH paid Rs. 9 Crores to
the BHEL by way of financial accommodation which was
used for construction of hotel. By supplemental
agreement dated June 10, 2000, it was recorded that in
total Rs. 15 Crores 12 Lacs have been received by
BHEL, repayment of which is to be made within 24
months from the date of the principal agreement dated
th
12 June, 2000. It appears that amount could not be
repaid hence another agreement was entered between EIH
JUDGMENT
th
and BHEL on 4 February, 2002. The agreement recorded
that, it has now been mutually agreed by the BHEL and
EIH that EIH will no longer participate in the hotel
operations hence the Technical Service Agreement will
be terminated. EIH, further stipulated that
NoObjection to BHEL shall be given for selling,
leasing or otherwise transferring the hotel unit to
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any other company whether subsidiary or not, or to any
other company or entity either directly or indirectly
or otherwise. It was further agreed that BHEL shall
refund the amount of Rs. 15.12 Crores alongwith
interest.
5. Relevant Clauses F and G of the Agreement, are as
follows:
It is also agreed by and between the parties that
F.
BHEL shall refund the said amount of Rs. 15.12 Crores
as mentioned in clause D above along with interest as
applicable on the above amounts on the terms and
conditions hereinafter contained.
JUDGMENT
G . It is also agreed by and between the parties that
BICL will execute an irrevocable guarantee in favour
of EIH guaranteeing the payment of the said sum of Rs/
15.12 Crores along with interest as applicable and in
consideration of such guarantee, EIH has agreed to
st
give BHEL time up to 31 December, 2002 to repay the
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said sum of Rs. 15.12 Corers with interest as
applicable.
6. On the same day, a Letter of Guarantee was issued
th
by Balaji Industrial Corporation Ltd. the 4
Respondent in this appeal, unconditionally, absolutely
and irrevocably guaranteeing the payment of Rs. 15.12
Crores, in the event, BHEL did not paid the subject
st
amount of Rs. 15.12 Crores within 31 December 2002.
7. The BHEL had obtained financial assistance from
th
IFCI, the 7 Respondent and and Tourism Finance
th
Corporation of India Ltd., the 8 Respondent. EIH came
to know that Tourism Finance Corporation India Ltd.
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(for short TFCI) had issued advertisement inviting
offer for take over (joint venture) sale of hotel
th
project of BHEL. The EIH wrote to TFCI on 8
September, 2002 informing about the agreements entered
between EIH and BHEL and further stating that till sum
of Rs. 15.12 Crores along with interest is not
refunded EIH would have the exclusive right to operate
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th
the hotel. BHEL on 8 June, 2004 acknowledged and
confirmed the principal sum of Rs. 15.12 Crores being
st
outstanding as per books of accounts of March 31 ,
2004 with interest. A suit in the High Court of Madras
being C.S. No. 257 of 2005 was filed by EIH against
BHEL and others praying for following reliefs:
“ The plaintiff prays for a Judgment and
Decree for :
(a) Declaration that the Technical
th
Services Agreement dated 26 October,
1988 and the Project Consultancy
Agreement and Royalty Agreement both
th
dated 26 October, 1988 and the
th th
Agreements dated 12 January, 2000, 10
th
June, 2000 and 4 February 2002 are
valid, legal and subsisting and are
binding and enforceable on the
Defendant No. 3 to 7 and /or its
assigns.
JUDGMENT
(b) Permanent injunction restraining
the Defendant Nos. 3 to 7 whether by
itself, its servants, agents and /or
assigns or otherwise howsoever from
selling, encumbering and/or disposing
of in any manner howsoever, the
schedule property of the Defendant No.
1 situated at Mount Road, Chennai, in
favour of any persons without
disclosing and/or recognizing the
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rights of the plaintiff to operate and
manage the hotel as provided for under
the technical services agreement dated
th
26 October, 1988 and the Project
Consultancy Agreement and Royalty
th
Agreement both dated 26 October, 1988
th
and the agreements dated 12 January,
th th
2000, 10 June, 2000 and 4 February
2002.
(c) Costs
(d) Such further and other reliefs.”
8. An application was also filed by the EIH and
Oberoi Hotels (P) Ltd. who were Plaintiff Nos. 1 and
2, for grant of temporary injunction. The learned
Single Judge had issued temporary injunction on
18.03.2005.
9. After the grant of temporary injunction, it
JUDGMENT
appears that in the year 2007 proceedings were
initiated by IFCI by issuing notice under Section 13
sub Section (2), Securitisation and Reconstruction of
Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest
(SARFAESI) Act, 2002 demanding amount due from BHEL.
10. Proceeding under Sarfaesi Act, 2002 proceeded and
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the hotel asset of BHEL was transferred in favour of
one Robust Hotels (P.) Ltd.(the appellant in
C.A.Nos.....of 2016 (arising out of SLP © No. 2341011
th
of 2011). A transfer deed dated 5 July, 2007 was
issued by IFCI and TFCI in favour of Robust Hotels (P)
Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Robust Hotels). All
the land, together with erections, plant and machinery
were transferred to Robust Hotels. EIH filed an
application in November, 2009 for impleadment of
Robust Hotels in C.S. No. 257 of 2005 although the
impleadment was opposed but was allowed by learned
rd
Single Judge vide judgment dated 23 March, 2010. The
Appellant Nos.1 to 4 in SLP (C) No. 2341011 of 2011
were impleaded as Defendant Nos. 8 – 11 in C.S. No.
JUDGMENT
251 of 2005. Letters Patent Appeal against the said
nd
judgment was also dismissed by Division Bench on 22
October, 2010. The Robust Hotels unsuccessfully
challenged the order of the Division Bench before this
Court by filing an S.L.P., which was also dismissed on
th
7 January, 2011.
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11. C.S. No. 257 of 2005 was renumbered as O.S.No.
12159 of 2010. An IA was filed by EIH being IA No.
22846 of 2010. By the aforesaid IA No. 22846 of 2010
the plaintiff prayed for an order, restraining Robust
Hotels from having the construction of the hotel unit
or from doing, acting or taking steps contrary to or
in derogation of the rights of the plaintiff under the
Technical Services Agreement and other agreements.
The application was rejected by learned Single Judge
th
vide judgment and order dated 9 March, 2011,
th
challenging the aforesaid order 9 March, 2011, an
appeal being C.M.A. No. 798 of 2011 was preferred.
The Division Bench of this Court decided the appeal
being C.M.A. NO. 798 of 2011 and M.P. No. 1 of 2011
JUDGMENT
and issued certain directions vide its judgment and
th
order dated 26 July, 2011. C.A.Nos.......of 2016
(arising out of SLP(C) No.2341011 of 2011) have been
filed against aforesaid Division Bench judgment and
th
order dated 26 July, 2011 by the Robust Hotels and
other three defendants.
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C.A.Nos.1188811889 of 2016
(arising out of SLP (C) No. 1774243 of 2012
12. These appeals have been filed by EIH Ltd. and
Oberoi Hotels against judgment and final order dated
th
13 March, 2012 passed by the High Court of Madras in
O.S.A. No. 419 of 2011 and M.P. No. 1 of 2011. While
noticing the facts in the appeals filed by Robust
Hotels, we in the proceedings paragraphs have noted
the facts which are also relevant for understanding
the issues raised in present appeals. The appellants
EIH and Oberoi Hotels filed a suit, being C.S. No. 164
of 2011 before the High Court of Madras praying for a
th
declaration that Deed of Transfer dated 5 July, 2007
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entered into between IFCI Ltd. and TFCI on one part
and the Robust Hotels (P.) Ltd. on another part, and
th
the certificate of sale of immovable property dated 6
July, 2007 are illegal and null & void and of no
effect and not binding. A perpetual injunction was
also prayed for, restraining the defendants whether by
themselves, their servants, agents or otherwise
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howsoever from purporting to act, to give effect to
or taking any steps in furtherance of the purported
deed of transfer dated July 5, 2007 and the
certificate of sale of movable and immovable property
also dated July 5, 2007 or from enforcing the same in
any manner whatsoever.
13. It was pleaded that the cause of action for
instituting the suit was the sale of hotel unit at
Mount Road, Chennai by the financial institutions
contrary to the order passed by this High Court dated
th
18 March, 2005. The counter affidavit was also filed
in O.A. No. 233 of 2011 in C.S. No. 164 of 2011 by
Robust Hotels. A Contempt Petition was also filed for
th
violation of Order dated 18 March, 2005, passed in
JUDGMENT
O.A. No. 300 of 2005 in C.S. No. 257 of 2005.
14. O.A. No. 233 of 2011 in C.S. No. 164 of 2011
filed by EIH and Oberoi Hotels praying for injunction
was dismissed by learned Single Judge vide Order dated
th
8 August 2011. By the same order, learned Single
Judge also dismissed the Contempt Petition (C)No. 647
of 2011 filed by EIH and Oberoi Hotels. Challenging
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th
the order passed by the learned Single Judge dated 8
August, 2011 Letters Patent Appeal was filed by EIH
and Oberoi Hotels being O.S.A. No. 419 of 2011. The
th
Division Bench by the Order dated 13 March, 2011
dismissed the appeal, challenging which order the
C.A. Nos.....of 2016 (arising out of Special Leave
Petition (C) Nos. 1774243 of 2012) has been filed by
EIH and Oberoi Hotels.
15. We have heard Shri K. K. Venugopal learned senior
counsel and K. V. Vishawanathan learned senior counsel
for Robust Hotels, Shri Jaideep Gupta learned senior
counsel and Shri Siddharth Mitra learned senior
counsel have appeared on behalf of the EIH and Oberoi
Hotels.
JUDGMENT
16. Shri K. K. Venugopal, in support of his appeal,
contends that the Division Bench of Madras High Court
th
erred in passing an interim order on 26 July, 2011
whereas there was no case made out by the EIH and
Another for grant of any interim order. The Robust
Hotels has purchased the hotel unit under Sarfaesi
Act, 2002 and the property has been conveyed to the
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Robust Hotels free from any encumbrance. The
proceedings under Sarfaesi Act, 2002 cannot be made
subject matter of challenge before a Civil Court.
Section 34 of Sarfaesi Act, 2002 completely oust the
jurisdiction of Civil Court. He contends that
entitlement to recover the amount of Rs. 15.21 Crores
by EIH if at all was against the Balaji Hotels &
Enterprises Ltd. and Balaji Industrial Corporation
Ltd., for which it was open for EIH to take
appropriate proceedings. The Robust Hotels having
acquired the assets under Sarfaesi proceeding has no
liability to make any payment to EIH and the order
passed by the Division Bench issuing such direction is
unsustainable. It is submitted that Robust Hotels
JUDGMENT
cannot be held liable for any breach of Order dated
18.03.2005 and in view of the subject matter, order
dated 18.03.2005 was also hit by Section 34 of
Sarfaesi Act, 2002. Shri Venugopal further submitted
that C.A.Nos....of 2016 (arising out of Special Leave
Petition (C) Nos. 1774243 of 2012) filed by EIH
deserved to be dismissed since both learned Single
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Judge and Division Bench have rightly held that the
th
transfer on 5 July 2007 made in favour of Robust
Hotels could not have been challenged in C.S. No. 164
of 2011 in view of Section 34 of Sarfaesi Act, 2002.
17. Shri Jaideep Gupta and Siddharth Mitra learned
senior counsel, appearing for EIH have vehemently
opposed the submissions raised by Shri K. K.
Venugopal. It is contended by learned senior counsel
appearing for EIH and Another that the order passed by
th
the Division Bench on 26 July, 2011 is perfectly in
accordance with law, which need no interference by
this Court in exercise of jurisdiction under Article
136 of the Constitution. It is submitted that interim
order has been issued by Division Bench of Madras
JUDGMENT
High Court being fully satisfied on prima facie case
of the EIH Ltd., the balance of convenience and
irreparable loss being in favour of the plaintiffs.
th
It is contended that injunction order dated 18
March, 2005 issued in C.S. No. 257 of 2005, has been
violated by the financial institutions. Any action
taken, in breach of interim injunction order, is to be
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set aside and no party can be allowed to take benefit
of its wrong committed in breach of an order of the
Court. It is contended that financial institutions and
erstwhile owners of the hotel unit were made aware of
th
the interim injunction order dated 18 March, 2005 and
despite the said injunction order, they transferred
the unit without taking into consideration the right
of the EIH flowing from the contracts entered between
EIH and erstwhile owner as noted above.
th
18. One of the conditions of last agreement dated 4
February, 2002 was to make payment of an amount of Rs.
15.21 Crores by erstwhile owner before transferring
the right in the hotel unit including right to run the
hotel in favour of any entity.
JUDGMENT
th
19. The Order passed by Division Bench dated 26
July, 2011 does complete justice between parties, and
Division Bench has exercised its discretionary
jurisdiction in granting the relief which need no
interference by this Court in exercise of jurisdiction
under Article 136 of the Constitution.
20. Coming to appeal, filed by EIH against the Order
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th
dated 13 March, 2012, it is contended that all
actions in breach of an interim injunction have to be
set aside and the Court is fully competent to restore
status quo ante. It is contended that in event where
an action is taken in disregard of any interim
injunction passed by a court, the question of prima
facie case, balances of convenience and irreparable
loss have not to be looked into and the Court has to
undo the wrong done in breach of court's order.
21. It is submitted that Section 34 of the Sarfaesi
Act, 2002 does not protect the Robust Hotels in facts
of the present case. It is submitted that the appeal
filed by the EIH, deserved to be allowed setting aside
all actions taken in breach of the injunction order
JUDGMENT
th
18 March, 2005.
22. Learned senior counsel for both the parties have
also relied on various judgments of this Court in
support of their respective submissions, which shall
be referred to while considering their submissions in
detail.
23. First, we take up the appeal of Robust Hotels,
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the appeal has been filed against an interim order
passed by the High Court, disposing of the CMA No. 798
of 2011.
24. The interim directions issued by Division Bench
are in following three parts:
“(i). This Court without prejudice,
st nd
directs the 1 and 2 respondents /
erstwhile owners / BH and EL and
th
another or the 8 respondent / the
present owner / Robust Hotels Private
Limited to deposit a sum of Rs. 15.12
Crores into the credit of O.S. No.
st
12159 of 2010 on or before 31 August
2011.
(ii). After such deposit has been made
the learned trial judge shall dispose
the case within a period of three
months on merits, without being
influenced by this Court's findings.
JUDGMENT
(iii) If the Condition of deposit as
ordered by this Court, is not complied
with by either of the parties, the
th
interim injunction, restraining the 8
respondent/Robust Hotels Private
Limited, from acting or taking any
steps contrary to and/or in derogation
of the rights of the petitioners under
the technical service agreement, the
projects consultancy agreement and the
Royalty agreement all dated October 26,
1988, entered into between the
petitioners /EIH and another and the
respondents 1 and 2/B.H. and EL and
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BICL will come into effect from
01.09.2011.”
th
25. As noted above the agreement dated 4 February,
2002 Annexure P. 4 between Balaji Hotels Enterprises
Ltd. and its successor Balaji Industrial Corporation
Ltd. with EIH contemplated that EIH will no longer
participate in the hotel unit and Technical Service
Agreement will be terminated and BHEL shall refund the
amount of Rs. 15.12 Crores for which time was extended
by EIH to BHEL by 31st December 2002. When the EIH
came to know that Tourism Finance Corporation India
Ltd. has issued an advertisement for inviting offers
for take over / joint venture, sale of hotel brought
at Mount Road, Chennai it immediately wrote to Tourism
JUDGMENT
Finance Corporation India Ltd. informing about its
agreement with BHEL. The EIH has also informed in
writing vide letter dated 15th July, 2004 Annexure P.
8 to the Asset Reconstruction Company (India) Ltd.
about their advance of Rs. 15.12 Crores which it had
made to BHEL.
26. Subsequently, suit, namely, C.S. No. 257 of 2005
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was filed by the EIH Ltd. and Oberoi Hotels, plaint of
which suit has been brought on record by annexure
P. 14.
27. Interim injunction was issued by the learned
Single Judge of the High Court in the aforesaid suit
to the following effect:
“That 1. Assets Reconstruction Company
(India) Limited, 2. ICICI Bank Limited
3. IFCI Limited 4. Tourism Finance
Corporation of India Limited, and 5.
Anand Rathi Securities Private
Limited, the respondents 3 to 7
herein, whether by itself, its
servants, agents and/or assigns or
otherwise howsoever be and are hereby
restrained by an order of interim
injunction until further orders of
this court from dealing with,
disposing of, selling and/or
encumbering in any manner howsoever
the hotel unit of the Respondent No. 1
situated at Mount Road, Chennai in
favour of any person without
disclosing the rights of the
Applicants to operate and manage the
hotel in terms of the Technical
Services, Project Consultancy &
Royalty Agreement dated 26th October
th
1988 and the Agreements dated 12
JUDGMENT
th th
January 2000, 10 June, 2000 and 4
February 2002.”
28. The essence of interim injunction issued by the
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Court was that Respondent Nos. 3 to 7 of that suit
were restrained by an order of injunction from dealing
with, disposing of, selling and/or encumbering in any
manner howsoever the hotel unit of Balaji Hotels &
Enterprises Ltd.(BHEL), in favour of any person
without disclosing the rights of the applicants to
operate and manage the hotel in terms of the Technical
Services, Project Consultancy & Royalty Agreement
th th
dated 26 October, 1988 and the Agreements dated 12
th th
January 2000, 10 June, 2000 and 4 February, 2002.
29 . Thus, the injunction ordained that while dealing
with the hotel unit the rights of the applicant be
disclosed. The subsequent facts, as noted above
JUDGMENT
indicate that even after the aforesaid injunction the
IFCI Ltd. and Tourism Finance Corporation of India
th
Ltd. by deed of transfer dated 5 July, 2007
transferred the hotel unit to Robust Hotels without
disclosing the rights of the applicant as provided by
the Agreement mentioned therein. The Agreement dated
th
4 July, 2002 clearly provided that the BHEL was
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required to repay the amount of Rs. 15.21 Crores to
st
the EIH by 31 December, 2002 whereafter, EIH had
nothing to do with the operation of the hotel.
19. Learned senior counsel for the appellants have
placed much reliance on the Section 34 of the Sarfaesi
Act, 2002 . Section 34 of the Sarfaesi Act, 2002
provided as follows:
"34. Civil court not to have
jurisdiction. No civil court shall
have jurisdiction to entertain any suit
or proceeding in respect of any matter
which a Debts Recovery Tribunal or the
Appellate Tribunal is empowered by or
under this Act to determine and no
injunction shall be granted by any
court or other authority in respect of
any action taken or to be taken in
pursuance of any power conferred by or
under this Act or under the Recovery of
Debts Due to Banks and Financial
Institutions Act, 1993 (51 of 1993)."
JUDGMENT
30. The scope and ambit of Section 34 of Sarfaesi
Act, 2002 have been considered by this Court in
several cases. It is sufficient to refer the judgment
of this Court in Nahar Industrial Enterprises Limited
Versus Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation (2009)
This Court held that the jurisdiction of
8 SCC 646.
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the Civil Court is plenary in nature, unless the same
is ousted, expressly or by necessary implication, it
will have jurisdiction to try all types of suits.
31. Following was laid down in para 110 111:
"110. It must be remembered that the
jurisdiction of a civil court is
plenary in nature. Unless the same is
ousted, expressly or by necessary
implication, it will have jurisdiction
to try all types of suits.
111. In Dhulabhai v. State of M.P., this
Court opined: (AIR pp. 8990, para 32)
“32. … The result of this inquiry
into the diverse views expressed in
this Court may be stated as follows:
(2) Where there is an express bar of
the jurisdiction of the court, an
examination of the scheme of the
particular Act to find the adequacy or
the sufficiency of the remedies
provided may be relevant but is not
decisive to sustain the jurisdiction of
the civil court.
JUDGMENT
Where there is no express exclusion
the examination of the remedies and the
scheme of the particular Act to find
out the intendment becomes necessary
and the result of the inquiry may be
decisive. In the latter case it is
necessary to see if the statute creates
a special right or a liability and
provides for the determination of the
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right or liability and further lays
down that all questions about the said
right and liability shall be determined
by the Tribunals so constituted, and
whether remedies normally associated
with actions in civil courts are
prescribed by the said statute or not.”
32. A perusal of Section 34 indicates that there is
express bar of jurisdiction of the Civil Court to the
following effect:
“(i) Any suit or proceeding in respect
of any matter in which Debt Recovery
Tribunal or Appellate Tribunal is
empowered by or under this Act to
determine.
(ii) Further, no injunction shall be
granted by any Court or other authority
in respect of any action taken or to
be taken in pursuance of any power
conferred by or under this Act or
under the Recovery of Debts Due to
Banks and Financial Institutions Act,
1993.”
JUDGMENT
Thus the bar of jurisdiction of Civil Court has
to correlate to the above mentioned conditions. For
purposes of this case, we are of the view that this
Court need not express any opinion as to whether suits
filed by EIH were barred by Section 34 or not, since
the issue are yet to be decided on merits and the
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appeal by Robust Hotels have been filed only against
an interim order.
33. The submissions, which have been much pressed by
learned senior counsel for EIH is on the effect and
consequence of acting in breach of injunction order
th
dated 18 March, 2005. At the time, when injunction
order was issued by learned Single Judge, Robust
Hotels was not in picture, however, subsequently, it
has also been impleaded in the suit and the challenge
to the impleadment of Robust Hotels has failed up to
this Court. There can be no doubt that IFCI and
Tourist Finance Corporation who had executed the deed
of transfer in favour of Robust Hotels and were
JUDGMENT
parties to suit, were bound by the said interim
injunction. The interim injunction was only to the
effect that the liability of BHEL to repay the amount
of Rs. 15.21 Crores up to particular date was to be
communicated and recognised to any subsequent
purchaser. The recognition of right of the plaintiff
of receiving of Rs. 15.21 Crores was with the object
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that anyone purchasing the hotel unit should be aware
of the liability and said liability should also be
adverted and taken care of.
34. Learned senior counsel for the EIH has referred
to and relied on the judgment of the Full Bench of
Madras High Court in Century Flour Mills Ltd. Versus
S. Suppiah and Others AIR 1975 Madras 270 and another
judgment reported in 1985 of All England Report 211
Clarke and Others Versus Chadburn and Others, f or the
proposition that any action taken in disobedience or
disregard in injunction order, becomes void & illegal.
35. Madras High Court in Century Flour Mills Ltd.
stated following in para 9:
“In our opinion, the inherent powers of
this court under Section 151 C.P.C. are
wide and are not subject to any
limitation. Where in violation of a
stay order or injunction against a
party, something has been done in
disobedience, it will be the duty of
the court as a policy to set the wrong
right and not allow the perpetuation of
the wrong doing. In our view, the
inherent power will not only be
available in such a case, but it is
bound to be exercised in that manner in
the interests of justice. Even apart
from Section 151, we should observe
JUDGMENT
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that as a matter of judicial policy,
the court should guard against itself
being stultified in circumstances like
this by holding that it is powerless to
undo a wrong done in disobedience of
the court's orders. But in this case
it is not necessary to go to that
extent as we hold that the power is
available under Section 151, C.P.C.”
36. Judgment of Madras High Court in C entury Flour
Mills Ltd. Versus S. Suppiah and Others and Clarke
had been
and Others Versus Chadburn and Others (Supra)
relied and approved by this Court in Delhi Development
Authority Versus Skipper Construction Co. (P) Ltd. and
.
Another (1996) 4 SCC 622
37. Another judgment relied upon is Anita
International Versus Tungabadra Sugar Works Mazdoor
. In the aforesaid
Sangh and Others (2016) 9 SCC 44
JUDGMENT
case, in a Company Petition, filed in the Madras High
Court for winding up of Deve Sugars Ltd., an order of
winding up was passed. An Official Liquidator was
directed to take possession of the property of the
company. State Bank of Mysore had extended some loan
to the Deve Sugar Ltd. and on default having been
committed, an O.A. was filed before the Debt Recovery
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Tribunal by the Bank for the recovery of the amount.
The Recovery Certificate was issued for a sum of Rs.
8.40 Crores. State Bank of Mysore filed a Company
Application in the pending Company Petition before the
High Court of Madras, seeking leave to proceed before
Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT), Bangalore.
38. The High Court, while granting the leave to the
State Bank of Mysore passed an order that no coercive
steps are to be taken against the assets of the
company during or after concluding all the proceeding
before the tribunal. The order passed by Madras High
Court has been extracted in para 3 of the judgment
which is to the following effect:
“(3) The Company Court in the High Court
of Madras, while granting leave to
State Bank of Mysore, passed the
following order on 10..2000 (while
disposing of Company Applications Nos.
125153 of 1999):
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This company application, praying
to this Court to grant leave to the
applicant Bank to proceed and prosecute
further OA No. 1300 of 1997 filed by
them against the respondent Company in
the Debts Recovery Tribunal at
Bangalore.
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28
Company applications coming on this
day before this Court for hearing in
the presence of Mr. R. Varichandran,
Advocate for the applicant, herein and
the Official Liquidator, High Court,
Madras, the respondent, appearing in
person, and upon reading the Judge's
summons and affidavit and report of the
Official Liquidator filed herein, the
court made the following orders:
Leave is granted subject to the
condition that the Official Liquidator
is impleaded and no coercive steps are
taken against the assets of the Company
during or after the conclusion of the
proceedings before the Tribunal.”
39. A perusal of the above order reveals that leave
was granted subject to the condition that the Official
Liquidator was impleaded before DRT, Bangalore, and
further that no coercive steps would be taken against
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the assets of the Company Deve Sugars Ltd., during or
after the conclusion of proceedings before DRT,
Bangalore.
40. It appears that in the recovery proceedings, the
assets were auctioned and Anita Internationals were
the auction purchaser. The issue was raised before the
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29
High Court that in view of the order of Madras High
Court dated 10.03.2000, proceedings for recovery as
well as confirmation of the auction were invalid. It
was also contended before the High Court that the
Company Court had no jurisdiction, the arguments
raised before the Court that Company Court has no
jurisdiction and it was a Debt Recovery Tribunal which
has exclusive jurisdiction, was rejected by this
Court. It is useful to refer para 49 and 51 of the
judgment which is to the following effect:
“(49.) In order to support their
claim, it was submitted on behalf of
the appellants that jurisdiction in
matters of recovery agitated by banks
and financial institutions under the
RDB Act has been repeatedly expounded
by this Court. The Debts Recovery
Tribunals concerned, before whom
recovery proceedings are initiated,
have exclusive jurisdiction in the
matter. It was also pointed out that
this Court has clearly declared that
even the jurisdiction of Recovery
Officers in matters of execution of
recovery certificates was likewise
exclusive. It was the pointed
contention of the learned counsel for
the appellants that in matter wherein
banks and financial institutions
approach a Debts Recovery Tribunal,
which on due consideration issues a
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30
recovery certificate, the same can be
executed only through a Recovery
Officer. It was submitted that a
Company Court has no jurisdiction in
the matter. The learned counsel for
the appellants substantiated the above
assertion on the basis of the decisions
rendered by this Court in Allahabad
Bank, M.V. Janardhan Reddy, Andhra
Bank, Rajasthan State Financial Corpn.
and Official Liquidator cases.
(51.) It is not possible for us to
accept the contentions advanced on
behalf of the appellants. In this
behalf it would be relevant to mention
that in M.V. Janardhan Reddy case the
Company Court by an order dated
13.8.1999 required that its permission
should be obtained before the Recovery
Officer finalised the sale.
Thereafter, the Company Court by an
order dated 25.03.2005 directed that
sale by the Recovery Officer was
subject to confirmation by the Company
Court. In the above sequence of facts,
this Court clearly held that the
condition imposed by the Company Court
could not be violated by the Recovery
Officer. It was concluded that the
sale made by the Recovery Officer in
violation of the orders passed by the
Company Court was without the authority
of law, the same was accordingly set
aside. The explanation tendered by the
learned Senior Counsel representing the
appellants was that even in the above
judgment, this Court had not disturbed
the exclusive jurisdiction of a
Recovery Officer in executing the
recovery certificate. In our
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31
considered view, the above contention
is immaterial to the issue under
consideration. The issue under
consideration is whether or not an
order passed by the Company Court(in
the present case the order dated
10.3.2000) was binding on the Recovery
Officer? And, whether the proceedings
conducted by the Recovery Officer in
violation of the above order were
sustainable in law? We have no
hesitation in concluding that in M.V.
Janardhan Reddy case, an order passed
by the Company Court was held to be
binding on the Recovery Officer. Based
on exactly the same consideration, we
are of the view that the acceptance of
the bid of Anita International by the
Recovery officer on 11.8.2005 and the
confirmation of the sale in its favour
on 12.9.2005 were clearly impermissible
and therefore, deserve to be set
aside.”
41. This Court further held that it is not open
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either a party to the lis or to any third party to
determine at their own that an order passed by a Court
is valid or void. A party to the lis or the third
party who considers an order passed by a court as
voidable or non est , must approach the court of
competent jurisdiction to have the said order set
aside on such grounds, as may be available in law.
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32
This Court held that the order of the Company Court of
Madras High Court was to be complied with and sale
held in violation of the said order was to be set
aside.
42. The entitlement of EIH to receive Rs. 15.21
Crores, which was the condition of the agreement dated
th
4 February, 2002 was to be reflected in any future
transaction by virtue of the injunction order dated
th
18 March, 2005 dealing with the property, has
rightly been taken note by the Division Bench of the
High Court and we do not find any error in the
directions issued by Division Bench of the High Court,
st nd
directing 1 and 2 Respondent, i.e., erstwhile owner
th
and 8 Respondent Robust Hotels to deposit the sum of
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Rs. 15.12 Crores.
43. We, however, are of the view that it was not
necessary for the High Court to presume that the
conditions of deposit, as ordered by the court shall
not be complied with. Orders of the court are issued
to be complied with and a court does not lack power to
ensure the compliance by appropriate proceedings.
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33
Thus, further directions of the High Court that 'if
the condition of deposit as ordered by this court has
not complied with by either of the parties....',
th
interim injunction, restraining the 8 Respondent' was
uncalled for. The interim order passed by the High
Court, directing for deposit of Rs. 15.12 Crores has
done substantial justice between parties, which need
no interference by this Court in exercise of its
jurisdiction under Article 136. We, however, are of
the view that the directions issued by the Division
Bench in para 38 need to be affirmed only to the
following extent:
“(a) (i). This Court without prejudice,
st nd
directs the 1 and 2 respondents /
erstwhile owners / BH and EL and
th
another or the 8 respondent / the
present owner / Robust Hotels Private
Limited to deposit a sum of Rs. 15.12
Crores into the credit of O.S. No.
st
12159 of 2010 on or before 31 August
2011.”
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44. It goes without saying that the trial judge has
to expeditiously proceed to decide the suit. The
deposit was to be made under the order of the High
st
Court till 31 August, 2011. This Court passed an
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th
interim order on 29 August, 2011 due to which no
deposit was made, we thus extend the time for deposit
st
of the amount till 31 January, 2017. The appeals
filed by Robust are disposed of as above.
45. Now, we come to appeals filed by EIH. EIH filed
an appeal against the order of the Division Bench
th
dated 13 March, 2012 by which order, the Division
Bench has dismissed the appeal against the order dated
th
8 August, 2011, passed by the learned Single Judge.
th
Order dated 8 August, 2011 was passed in O.A. No. 233
of 2011 by which application, the plaintiff has prayed
for interim injunction, restraining the defendants
from purporting to act or to give effect to or taking
any step in furtherance of the purported deed of
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th
transfer dated 5 July, 2007 and the certificate of
th
sale of movable and immovable property dated 5 July,
2007 or from enforcing the same in any manner
whatsoever pending the suit.
46. The learned Single Judge passed an order,
refusing the interim order as prayed for in O.A. No.
233 of 2011. The Division Bench, while dismissing the
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appeal made following observations in Para 62 at page
50:
“62. The maintainability of suits, which
are pending on the file of the City
Civil Court as well as on the file of
this Court in C.S. No. 164 of 2011, can
be adjudicated in the course of trial
and this Court finds some force in the
submission made by the learned senior
counsel appearing for the appellants
that the said findings may definitely
prejudice their case. Hence, this Court
expunge the observations made by the
learned Judge with regard to the
maintainability of the suit in O. S.
No. 12159 of 2010, pending on the file
the III Addl. Judge, City Civil Court,
Chennai and C.S. No. 164 of 2011
pending on the file of this Court. ”
47. The Division Bench as well as learned Single
Judge has already noted that hotel has already
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commenced its operation and contracts have been made
with third parties for the operation of the hotel and
bookings are also being taken from the customers. We
have already noticed the directions issued by Division
Bench, directing the defendant Nos. 1, 2 and 8 to the
suit C.S. No. 257 of 2005 to deposit an amount of Rs.
15.21 Crores which order had done substantial justice
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between parties. Taking into consideration the overall
circumstances, specially when issues raised in C.S.
No. 164 of 2011 are yet to be adjudicated, the orders
passed by both learned Single Judge and Division
Bench, refusing to grant interim injunction in view of
the facts as noted above cannot be faulted.
48. In result, the appeals of Robust Hotels & ors.
are disposed of by modifying the order of the Division
Bench as above. The appeals of EIH Ltd. and ors. are
dismissed.
....... .............J.
(PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE)
...................J.
JUDGMENT
(ASHOK BHUSHAN)
NEW DELHI:
DECEMBER 07, 2016
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