Full Judgment Text
2010:BHC-OS:14727-DB
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
ORDINARY ORIGNAL CIVIL JURISDICTION
APPEAL (LODG.) NO.881 OF 2010
IN
ARBITRATION PETITOIN (LODG.) NO.1303 OF 2010
Board of Control for Cricket in India, a
society registered under the Tamil Nadu
Societies Registration Act, 1975 having its
registered office at M.A. Chidambaram
Stadium, 5, Victoria Hostel Road, Chepauk,
Chennai 600 005 and its Head Office at
Cricket Centre, Wankhede Stadium, D ‘ ’
Road, Churchgate, Mumbai 400 020. ..Appellant.
(Orig. Respondent)
versus
KPH Dream Cricket Private Limited, a
Company incorporated under the
Companies Act, 1956 and having its
Registered Office at House No.1532,
Sector 18D, Chandigarh 160 018, and its
office at C1, Wadia International Centre
(Bombay Dyeing), Pandurang Budhkar
Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400 025. ..Respondent.
(Orig. Petitioner)
.....
Mr. C.A. Sundaram, Senior Advocate with Mr. T.N. Subramaniam,
Senior Advocate, Mr. P.R. Raman, Ms. Akhila Kaushik, Ms. Rohini Musa,
Mr. Sharan Jagtiani, Ms. S.P. Arthi, Mr. Indranil Deshmukh, Mr. Rahul
Mascarenhas and Mr. Adarsh Saxena i/b Amarchand Mangaldas and
S.A. Shroff & Co. for the Appellant.
Mr. D.J. Khambata, Senior Advocate with Mr. Shyam Mehta, Mr. Arif
Doctor, Mr. S.V. Doijode, Ms. Deeksha Kakar, Mr. R.H. Daulat, Ms.
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Amodi Borkar, Ms. Priyanka Kothari i/b Doijode Associates for the
Respondent.
......
CORAM : DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD &
ANOOP V. MOHTA , JJ.
15 December 2010.
ORAL JUDGMENT (PER DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD, J.) :
1. This Appeal arises from an order of a learned Single Judge of
this Court by which a petition under Section 9 of the Arbitration and
Conciliation Act, 1996 was allowed. By the order of the learned
Single Judge the Appellant, the Board of Control for Cricket in India,
has been injuncted from acting on the basis of a termination of 10
October 2010 of a franchise agreement entered into between the
parties on 10 April 2008. The order of the Learned Single Judge is
subject to several conditions including amongst them (i) That the
Respondent shall furnish an unconditional bank guarantee of a
nationalized bank to secure the payment of players dues initially in ’
the sum of US $18 million; (ii) The furnishing of an unconditional
guarantee of a nationalized bank in the amount of US $3.5 million;
(iii) The filing of unconditional personal undertakings guaranteeing
the due payment of any amount as may be found on adjudication by
any court or tribunal, in the event that the termination is upheld; (iv)
A restraint on the disposal of shares of certain companies. In order
to appreciate the challenge to the order of the learned Single Judge
a reference to the factual background would be in order.
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2. In 2007 the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI ) set ‘ ’
up the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) a domestic twenty overs per ‘ ’
side cricket format based on the international T20 model. Each team
was to be owned and operated by private persons / corporations /
entities. A franchise to operate the team was to be given to a
franchisee who was the successful bidder for each team. The IPL
was to consist of eight teams which would play each other between
April and May every year. Eight IPL teams were identified from
different States and regions in India.
3. On 27 December 2007 an invitation to tender was issued by
BCCI inviting bids for IPL franchises. The terms of the tender
stipulated that a franchise would be granted to operate a team for so
long as the League would continue. In consideration each franchisee
was required to pay to IPL a franchise fee for the first ten years,
payments being distributed in annual installments.
4. On 24 January 2008 a letter of eligibility was submitted by Ms.
Preity Zinta. The letter disclosed that on winning the bid a new
company would be formed in which the individuals participating
would be Preity Zinta, Ness Wadia, Karan Paul and Mohit Burman.
The terms of tender required each bidder to pay a performance
deposit of Rs.20 Crores at the time when the bid was submitted. The
members of the consortium agreed to pay Rs.20 Crores distributed
amongst Preity Zinta (Rs.10 Crores), Mohit Burman (Rs.5 Crores) and
Karan Paul (Rs.5 Crores). On 24 January 2008 the consortium was
declared as a successful bidder for the Mohali franchise. The first
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season of IPL was to commence in April 2008. A franchise
agreement was signed on behalf of the consortium by Ms. Zinta on 4
April 2008 and on behalf of BCCI on 10 April 2008.
5. By the agreement BCCI granted to the franchisee, the
Respondent herein exclusive rights for a period of three seasons to be
the only team in the League whose home stadium was located in
‘ the territory . The territory was defined to mean an area within a ’
radius of fifty miles of the Mohali stadium. Clause 3 of the
agreement stipulated that it would continue for so long as the
League continues subject to termination, suspension or renewal as
provided by its terms. Clause 10.1 contained a provision for sale of
the franchise and stipulated that the franchisee has no right to assign
or delegate the performance of any right or obligation under the
agreement. However, with the prior written consent of BCCI the
franchisee was entitled to sell the franchise to any person. Similarly,
any person who controlled the franchisee was entitled to effect or
otherwise cause to occur a change of control of the franchisee. This
was subject to the condition, in Clause 10.2 that no such event would
occur within the first three years and the proposed purchaser or, as
the case may be, controller would meet BCCI s standards of eligibility. ’
6. Clause 11 of the agreement contains provisions for termination.
Clause 11.1, entitles either party to terminate the agreement by a
notice in writing upon a failure to remedy any remediable material
breach of the contract within a period of thirty days of the receipt of
the notice. Clause 11.2 entitles either party to terminate the
agreement with immediate effect by written notice in the event of an
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irremediable breach of the agreement by the other party. Clause 11.3
confers upon BCCI exclusively the right to terminate the agreement
with immediate effect in certain stipulated eventualities, these being :
“ (a) there is a Change of Control of the Franchisee (whether
direct or indirect) and/or a Listing which in each case does not
occur strictly in accordance with Clause 10;
(b) the Franchisee transfers any material part of its business or
assets to any other person other than in accordance with
Clause 10;
(c) the Franchisee, any Franchisee Group Company and/or any
Owner acts in any way which has a material adverse effect
upon the reputation or standing of the League, BCCIIPL, BCCI,
the Franchisee, the Team (or any other team in the League)
and/or the game of cricket. ”
7. Clause 11.7 defines the meaning of the expression Control for ‘ ’
the purposes of the agreement as follows :
“ 11.7 For the purposes of this Agreement Control means in “ ”
relation to a person the direct or indirect power of another
person (whether such other person is the direct or indirect
parent company of the first mentioned person or otherwise) to
’
secure that the first mentioned person s affairs are conducted in
accordance with the wishes of such other person:
(a) by means of the holding of any shares (or any equivalent
securities) or the possession of any voting power; or
(b) by virtue of any powers conferred on any person by the
Articles of Association or any other constitutional documents of
any company or other entity of any kind; or
(c) by virtue of any contractual arrangement
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and Controlled and Controller shall be construed “ ” “ ”
accordingly and a Change of Control shall occur if (i) a “ ”
person who Controls another person ceases to do so; or (ii) a
different person acquires Control of such other person (whether
before or after or as a consequence of any Listing); or (iii) if
any person acquires Control of another person in circumstances
where no person previously Controlled such other person. For
the purposes of this Clause 11.7 (and in connection with the use
in this Agreement of the terms defined in this Clause 11.7) all
of the members of any consortium, partnership or joint venture
which has any interest (direct or indirect) in the Franchisee
shall be deemed to be one person. ”
8. Clause 12 of the agreement provides that the agreement
constitutes the entire agreement between the parties superseding any
negotiations or prior agreements and inter alia stipulates that parties
agree that the sole remedy for any breach of the warranties or
representations held out in the agreement would be a claim for
breach of contract. Parties agreed in Clause 21.2 to a resolution of
disputes by arbitration and then postulated as follows in Clause 21.6 :
“ 21.6 BCCIIPL (but not the Franchisee) shall have the right to
bring an action seeking injunctive or other equitable relief
before the Courts of Mumbai if it reasonably believes that
damages may not be an adequate remedy for the breach by the
Franchisee of this Agreement. ”
9. On 14 April 2010 the then Chairman and Commissioner of IPL
by an Email addressed to all franchise owners communicated that
BCCI as a public body must disclose ownership details along with the
names of all the directors of the franchisees once again. On 14
April 2010 the Respondent addressed an Email to the Chief Financial
Officer of IPL. Thereafter by an Email of 19 April 2010 the
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Respondent forwarded a certificate of a company secretary containing
details of the members of the Respondent at the time of
incorporation, and of subsequent changes in membership on 8 May
2008, 30 June 2008, 16 June 2009 and as of 30 September 2009. By
the communication information was furnished inter alia of the shares
which were transferred from the date of the incorporation of the
Respondent. In pursuance of another letter dated 28 April 2010, the
Respondent addressed a communication of 8 May 2010 disclosing
details of the shareholding and the transfers of shares since the
inception. After the Respondent had communicated details of its
shareholding pattern in April and May 2010, the Appellant continued
to deal with the Respondent as the owner of a franchise, and on 5
September 2010 communicated the new rules that would govern
Season IV of IPL.
10. On 10 October 2010 BCCI terminated the franchise agreement.
The letter of termination contains two grounds on which BCCI had
come to the conclusion that there was an irremediable breach of
contract by the Respondent. Firstly, accordingly to BCCI the records
of the Registrar of Companies showed that the Respondent was
incorporated on 10 March 2008 with only two shareholders. The
names of Preity Zinta, Ness Wadia and Karan Paul did not figure as
shareholders. As on the date of the incorporation of the Respondent
the entire share capital was held by (i) a company by the name of
ACEE Enterprises Private Ltd. ( ACEE ) which held 9900 shares and ‘ ’
(ii) Mohit Burman who held only 100 shares. Preity Zinta, Ness
Wadia and Karan Paul were not shareholders. Secondly, on 8 May
2008 both ACEE Enterprises Private Limited ( ACEE ) and Mohit ‘ ’
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Burman transferred their shares to Dabur Investment Corporation Ltd.
and Windy Investments Private Ltd. These transferee companies were
alleged to have thereby taken control of the franchisee. Thereupon
on 30 June 2008 further changes in the shareholding of the
Respondent were alleged to have taken place. No notice, it was
alleged, was furnished of any of these transactions to the Appellant.
In the first instance ACEE, being a 99% shareholder transferred its
entire shareholding of 9900 shares to Dabur Investment Corporation
Ltd. and to Windy Investments Private Ltd. on 8 May 2008. This
according to the Appellant established that there was a change of
control as defined in the franchise agreement. The second instance
of the breach was when a fresh allotment of shares took place on 30
June 2008 when Dabur Investment and Windy Investments became
minority shareholders.
11. The Respondent replied to the termination on 2 November 2010.
In a petition under Section 9, Arbitration Petition 1340 of 2010, an
order was passed by consent on 19 November 2010 by which all the
disputes and differences between the parties were referred to the sole
arbitration of Mr. Justice B.N. Srikrishna, Former Judge of the
Supreme Court under Clause 21.2 of the franchise agreement. The
Respondent was granted leave to withdraw the petition under Section
9 with liberty to move an application for interlocutory relief under
Section 17 before the sole arbitrator. Parties agreed to cooperate in
the expeditious hearing of the application under Section 17 before the
learned arbitrator. When the application under Section 17 came up
before the arbitrator, the Appellant had certain reservations about the
continuance of the arbitrator. The arbitrator recused himself. The
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order of the learned arbitrator dated 1 December 2010 records what
had transpired in the proceedings :
“
1. At the beginning of the proceedings the Arbitrator
disclosed that when he was at the Bar he had appeared in a
number of matters on behalf of the Wadia Group of Companies.
2. This fact was also disclosed in the Arbitration proceedings
held in the matter with disputes between BCCI and Jaipur IPL
Cricket Pvt. Ltd. ( JIPL ) held at New Delhi, although “ ”
mistakenly without realising that JIPL had nothing to do with
the Wadia Group of Companies. No objection thereto was
raised by the BCCI on the ground that JIPL had no connection
with the Wadias. Today, however, Mr. Raman, after taking
instructions from the President of the BCCI states that the
President has some reservations in the matter.
3. In the result, the Arbitrator has decided that he should
recuse himself from the proceedings in view of the reservation
expressed by one of the parties, namely the BCCI.
4. The Arbitrator also disclosed that he was a nominee
Arbitrator of BCCI in another Arbitral Proceeding between BCCI
and Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited. Mr. Khambata on
behalf of KPH Dream Cricket Pvt. Ltd. stated that his client had
no objection. ”
12. Thereupon, a fresh petition under Section 9 was moved before
the learned Single Judge in which the impugned order has been
passed.
13. Before we deal with the submissions which have been urged
before us by counsel, and having regard to the grounds which have
been set out in the notice of termination, it would be necessary to
extract from a chart which has been placed before this Court to
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reflect the shareholding of the Respondent since the inception :
SHAREHOLDING PATTERN OF KPH DREAM CRICKET P. LTD.
PURSUANT TO VARIOUS TRANSFERS AND ALLOTMENTS
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
ORDINARY ORIGNAL CIVIL JURISDICTION
APPEAL (LODG.) NO.881 OF 2010
IN
ARBITRATION PETITOIN (LODG.) NO.1303 OF 2010
Board of Control for Cricket in India, a
society registered under the Tamil Nadu
Societies Registration Act, 1975 having its
registered office at M.A. Chidambaram
Stadium, 5, Victoria Hostel Road, Chepauk,
Chennai 600 005 and its Head Office at
Cricket Centre, Wankhede Stadium, D ‘ ’
Road, Churchgate, Mumbai 400 020. ..Appellant.
(Orig. Respondent)
versus
KPH Dream Cricket Private Limited, a
Company incorporated under the
Companies Act, 1956 and having its
Registered Office at House No.1532,
Sector 18D, Chandigarh 160 018, and its
office at C1, Wadia International Centre
(Bombay Dyeing), Pandurang Budhkar
Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400 025. ..Respondent.
(Orig. Petitioner)
.....
Mr. C.A. Sundaram, Senior Advocate with Mr. T.N. Subramaniam,
Senior Advocate, Mr. P.R. Raman, Ms. Akhila Kaushik, Ms. Rohini Musa,
Mr. Sharan Jagtiani, Ms. S.P. Arthi, Mr. Indranil Deshmukh, Mr. Rahul
Mascarenhas and Mr. Adarsh Saxena i/b Amarchand Mangaldas and
S.A. Shroff & Co. for the Appellant.
Mr. D.J. Khambata, Senior Advocate with Mr. Shyam Mehta, Mr. Arif
Doctor, Mr. S.V. Doijode, Ms. Deeksha Kakar, Mr. R.H. Daulat, Ms.
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Amodi Borkar, Ms. Priyanka Kothari i/b Doijode Associates for the
Respondent.
......
CORAM : DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD &
ANOOP V. MOHTA , JJ.
15 December 2010.
ORAL JUDGMENT (PER DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD, J.) :
1. This Appeal arises from an order of a learned Single Judge of
this Court by which a petition under Section 9 of the Arbitration and
Conciliation Act, 1996 was allowed. By the order of the learned
Single Judge the Appellant, the Board of Control for Cricket in India,
has been injuncted from acting on the basis of a termination of 10
October 2010 of a franchise agreement entered into between the
parties on 10 April 2008. The order of the Learned Single Judge is
subject to several conditions including amongst them (i) That the
Respondent shall furnish an unconditional bank guarantee of a
nationalized bank to secure the payment of players dues initially in ’
the sum of US $18 million; (ii) The furnishing of an unconditional
guarantee of a nationalized bank in the amount of US $3.5 million;
(iii) The filing of unconditional personal undertakings guaranteeing
the due payment of any amount as may be found on adjudication by
any court or tribunal, in the event that the termination is upheld; (iv)
A restraint on the disposal of shares of certain companies. In order
to appreciate the challenge to the order of the learned Single Judge
a reference to the factual background would be in order.
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2. In 2007 the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI ) set ‘ ’
up the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) a domestic twenty overs per ‘ ’
side cricket format based on the international T20 model. Each team
was to be owned and operated by private persons / corporations /
entities. A franchise to operate the team was to be given to a
franchisee who was the successful bidder for each team. The IPL
was to consist of eight teams which would play each other between
April and May every year. Eight IPL teams were identified from
different States and regions in India.
3. On 27 December 2007 an invitation to tender was issued by
BCCI inviting bids for IPL franchises. The terms of the tender
stipulated that a franchise would be granted to operate a team for so
long as the League would continue. In consideration each franchisee
was required to pay to IPL a franchise fee for the first ten years,
payments being distributed in annual installments.
4. On 24 January 2008 a letter of eligibility was submitted by Ms.
Preity Zinta. The letter disclosed that on winning the bid a new
company would be formed in which the individuals participating
would be Preity Zinta, Ness Wadia, Karan Paul and Mohit Burman.
The terms of tender required each bidder to pay a performance
deposit of Rs.20 Crores at the time when the bid was submitted. The
members of the consortium agreed to pay Rs.20 Crores distributed
amongst Preity Zinta (Rs.10 Crores), Mohit Burman (Rs.5 Crores) and
Karan Paul (Rs.5 Crores). On 24 January 2008 the consortium was
declared as a successful bidder for the Mohali franchise. The first
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season of IPL was to commence in April 2008. A franchise
agreement was signed on behalf of the consortium by Ms. Zinta on 4
April 2008 and on behalf of BCCI on 10 April 2008.
5. By the agreement BCCI granted to the franchisee, the
Respondent herein exclusive rights for a period of three seasons to be
the only team in the League whose home stadium was located in
‘ the territory . The territory was defined to mean an area within a ’
radius of fifty miles of the Mohali stadium. Clause 3 of the
agreement stipulated that it would continue for so long as the
League continues subject to termination, suspension or renewal as
provided by its terms. Clause 10.1 contained a provision for sale of
the franchise and stipulated that the franchisee has no right to assign
or delegate the performance of any right or obligation under the
agreement. However, with the prior written consent of BCCI the
franchisee was entitled to sell the franchise to any person. Similarly,
any person who controlled the franchisee was entitled to effect or
otherwise cause to occur a change of control of the franchisee. This
was subject to the condition, in Clause 10.2 that no such event would
occur within the first three years and the proposed purchaser or, as
the case may be, controller would meet BCCI s standards of eligibility. ’
6. Clause 11 of the agreement contains provisions for termination.
Clause 11.1, entitles either party to terminate the agreement by a
notice in writing upon a failure to remedy any remediable material
breach of the contract within a period of thirty days of the receipt of
the notice. Clause 11.2 entitles either party to terminate the
agreement with immediate effect by written notice in the event of an
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irremediable breach of the agreement by the other party. Clause 11.3
confers upon BCCI exclusively the right to terminate the agreement
with immediate effect in certain stipulated eventualities, these being :
“ (a) there is a Change of Control of the Franchisee (whether
direct or indirect) and/or a Listing which in each case does not
occur strictly in accordance with Clause 10;
(b) the Franchisee transfers any material part of its business or
assets to any other person other than in accordance with
Clause 10;
(c) the Franchisee, any Franchisee Group Company and/or any
Owner acts in any way which has a material adverse effect
upon the reputation or standing of the League, BCCIIPL, BCCI,
the Franchisee, the Team (or any other team in the League)
and/or the game of cricket. ”
7. Clause 11.7 defines the meaning of the expression Control for ‘ ’
the purposes of the agreement as follows :
“ 11.7 For the purposes of this Agreement Control means in “ ”
relation to a person the direct or indirect power of another
person (whether such other person is the direct or indirect
parent company of the first mentioned person or otherwise) to
’
secure that the first mentioned person s affairs are conducted in
accordance with the wishes of such other person:
(a) by means of the holding of any shares (or any equivalent
securities) or the possession of any voting power; or
(b) by virtue of any powers conferred on any person by the
Articles of Association or any other constitutional documents of
any company or other entity of any kind; or
(c) by virtue of any contractual arrangement
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and Controlled and Controller shall be construed “ ” “ ”
accordingly and a Change of Control shall occur if (i) a “ ”
person who Controls another person ceases to do so; or (ii) a
different person acquires Control of such other person (whether
before or after or as a consequence of any Listing); or (iii) if
any person acquires Control of another person in circumstances
where no person previously Controlled such other person. For
the purposes of this Clause 11.7 (and in connection with the use
in this Agreement of the terms defined in this Clause 11.7) all
of the members of any consortium, partnership or joint venture
which has any interest (direct or indirect) in the Franchisee
shall be deemed to be one person. ”
8. Clause 12 of the agreement provides that the agreement
constitutes the entire agreement between the parties superseding any
negotiations or prior agreements and inter alia stipulates that parties
agree that the sole remedy for any breach of the warranties or
representations held out in the agreement would be a claim for
breach of contract. Parties agreed in Clause 21.2 to a resolution of
disputes by arbitration and then postulated as follows in Clause 21.6 :
“ 21.6 BCCIIPL (but not the Franchisee) shall have the right to
bring an action seeking injunctive or other equitable relief
before the Courts of Mumbai if it reasonably believes that
damages may not be an adequate remedy for the breach by the
Franchisee of this Agreement. ”
9. On 14 April 2010 the then Chairman and Commissioner of IPL
by an Email addressed to all franchise owners communicated that
BCCI as a public body must disclose ownership details along with the
names of all the directors of the franchisees once again. On 14
April 2010 the Respondent addressed an Email to the Chief Financial
Officer of IPL. Thereafter by an Email of 19 April 2010 the
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Respondent forwarded a certificate of a company secretary containing
details of the members of the Respondent at the time of
incorporation, and of subsequent changes in membership on 8 May
2008, 30 June 2008, 16 June 2009 and as of 30 September 2009. By
the communication information was furnished inter alia of the shares
which were transferred from the date of the incorporation of the
Respondent. In pursuance of another letter dated 28 April 2010, the
Respondent addressed a communication of 8 May 2010 disclosing
details of the shareholding and the transfers of shares since the
inception. After the Respondent had communicated details of its
shareholding pattern in April and May 2010, the Appellant continued
to deal with the Respondent as the owner of a franchise, and on 5
September 2010 communicated the new rules that would govern
Season IV of IPL.
10. On 10 October 2010 BCCI terminated the franchise agreement.
The letter of termination contains two grounds on which BCCI had
come to the conclusion that there was an irremediable breach of
contract by the Respondent. Firstly, accordingly to BCCI the records
of the Registrar of Companies showed that the Respondent was
incorporated on 10 March 2008 with only two shareholders. The
names of Preity Zinta, Ness Wadia and Karan Paul did not figure as
shareholders. As on the date of the incorporation of the Respondent
the entire share capital was held by (i) a company by the name of
ACEE Enterprises Private Ltd. ( ACEE ) which held 9900 shares and ‘ ’
(ii) Mohit Burman who held only 100 shares. Preity Zinta, Ness
Wadia and Karan Paul were not shareholders. Secondly, on 8 May
2008 both ACEE Enterprises Private Limited ( ACEE ) and Mohit ‘ ’
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Burman transferred their shares to Dabur Investment Corporation Ltd.
and Windy Investments Private Ltd. These transferee companies were
alleged to have thereby taken control of the franchisee. Thereupon
on 30 June 2008 further changes in the shareholding of the
Respondent were alleged to have taken place. No notice, it was
alleged, was furnished of any of these transactions to the Appellant.
In the first instance ACEE, being a 99% shareholder transferred its
entire shareholding of 9900 shares to Dabur Investment Corporation
Ltd. and to Windy Investments Private Ltd. on 8 May 2008. This
according to the Appellant established that there was a change of
control as defined in the franchise agreement. The second instance
of the breach was when a fresh allotment of shares took place on 30
June 2008 when Dabur Investment and Windy Investments became
minority shareholders.
11. The Respondent replied to the termination on 2 November 2010.
In a petition under Section 9, Arbitration Petition 1340 of 2010, an
order was passed by consent on 19 November 2010 by which all the
disputes and differences between the parties were referred to the sole
arbitration of Mr. Justice B.N. Srikrishna, Former Judge of the
Supreme Court under Clause 21.2 of the franchise agreement. The
Respondent was granted leave to withdraw the petition under Section
9 with liberty to move an application for interlocutory relief under
Section 17 before the sole arbitrator. Parties agreed to cooperate in
the expeditious hearing of the application under Section 17 before the
learned arbitrator. When the application under Section 17 came up
before the arbitrator, the Appellant had certain reservations about the
continuance of the arbitrator. The arbitrator recused himself. The
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order of the learned arbitrator dated 1 December 2010 records what
had transpired in the proceedings :
“
1. At the beginning of the proceedings the Arbitrator
disclosed that when he was at the Bar he had appeared in a
number of matters on behalf of the Wadia Group of Companies.
2. This fact was also disclosed in the Arbitration proceedings
held in the matter with disputes between BCCI and Jaipur IPL
Cricket Pvt. Ltd. ( JIPL ) held at New Delhi, although “ ”
mistakenly without realising that JIPL had nothing to do with
the Wadia Group of Companies. No objection thereto was
raised by the BCCI on the ground that JIPL had no connection
with the Wadias. Today, however, Mr. Raman, after taking
instructions from the President of the BCCI states that the
President has some reservations in the matter.
3. In the result, the Arbitrator has decided that he should
recuse himself from the proceedings in view of the reservation
expressed by one of the parties, namely the BCCI.
4. The Arbitrator also disclosed that he was a nominee
Arbitrator of BCCI in another Arbitral Proceeding between BCCI
and Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited. Mr. Khambata on
behalf of KPH Dream Cricket Pvt. Ltd. stated that his client had
no objection. ”
12. Thereupon, a fresh petition under Section 9 was moved before
the learned Single Judge in which the impugned order has been
passed.
13. Before we deal with the submissions which have been urged
before us by counsel, and having regard to the grounds which have
been set out in the notice of termination, it would be necessary to
extract from a chart which has been placed before this Court to
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reflect the shareholding of the Respondent since the inception :
SHAREHOLDING PATTERN OF KPH DREAM CRICKET P. LTD.
PURSUANT TO VARIOUS TRANSFERS AND ALLOTMENTS
| Date | Name of Co./Person | No. of Shares | Equity Stake |
|---|---|---|---|
| March 10, 2010 | Acee Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.<br>Mohit Burman | 9,900<br>100 | 99.000%<br>1.000% |
| 10,000 | 100% | ||
| May 8, 2008 | Dabur Investment Corporation Ltd.<br>Windy Investments Pvt. Ltd.<br>Preity Zinta<br>Ness Wadia<br>Colway Investments Ltd.<br>Karan Paul | 5,000<br>5,000<br>10,000<br>10,000<br>10,000<br>1,739 | 11.979%<br>11.979%<br>23.958%<br>23.958%<br>23.958%<br>4.166% |
| 41.739 | 100.00% | ||
| June 30, 2008 | Dabur Investment Corporation Ltd.<br>Windy Investments Pvt. Ltd.<br>Preity Zinta<br>Ness Wadia<br>Colway Investments Ltd.<br>Karan Paul | 2,28,850<br>2,28,850<br>4,57,700<br>4,57,700<br>4,57,800<br>79,600 | 11.979%<br>11.979%<br>23.958%<br>23.958%<br>23,958%<br>4.167% |
| 19,10,400 | 100.00% | ||
| January 16, 2009 | MB Finmart P. Ltd.<br>Windy Investments Pvt. Ltd.<br>Preity Zinta<br>Ness Wadia<br>Colway Investments Ltd.<br>Karan Paul<br>Root Invest P. Ltd. | 2,28,850<br>2,28,850<br>4,57,700<br>4,57,700<br>4,57,700<br>79,600<br>79,600 | 11.500%<br>11.500%<br>23.000%<br>23.000%<br>23.000%<br>4.000%<br>4.000% |
| 19,90,000 | 100.00% | ||
(Note : Dabur Investment Corporation Ltd. changed to MB Finmart P.
Ltd.)
Note : There has been no change after this.
14. The order of the Learned Single Judge has been assailed on
behalf of the Appellant and in the submission of the learned counsel,
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the Respondent had committed material and irremediable breaches of
the franchise agreement. The following submissions were urged by
the learned counsel
i) At the stage of the letter of eligibility the consortium consisted
of Ms.Preity Zinta, Mr. Mohit Burman, Mr. Karan Paul and Mr.
Ness Wadia and others. The Respondent was constituted as the
vehicle through which the franchise agreement would be
implemented. However, on the date of the execution of the
franchise agreement, only one of the four members of the
consortium was a shareholder of the company. At that stage, the
only shareholders of the Respondent were ACEE which held
9900 shares and Mohit Burman who held 100 shares;
ii) There was a change in the constitution of the consortium
subsequently on 8 May 2008 as a result of which ACEE ceased
to hold any shares in the Respondent and three of the
members of the consortium were allotted fresh shares;
iii) On 8 May 2008, 28% of the share capital of the Respondent
was alloted to another company by the name of Colway
Investments Ltd. and on 16 January 2009 another 4% was
alloted to a company called Root Invest Private Ltd. As a
result of these allotments a change had taken place from
absolute control to restrictive control;
iv) The control which is envisaged in Clause 11.7 of the franchise
agreement means de jure control and not de facto control;
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v) The learned Single Judge has erred in coming to the conclusion
that a strong prima facie case was made out by the
Respondent for the grant of interim relief. The fact that
allotments and subsequent transfers have taken place is not
disputed. Similarly, the fact there were subsequent transfers
involving a change in the shareholding pattern has not been
disputed. Whether these transfers would involve a change of
control was a matter of evidence. Whether a transfer
constituted a remediable or irremediable breach is similarly an
issue which has to be decided in the course of the arbitral
proceedings on the basis of evidence. These, it was submitted,
are matters of trial and the learned Single Judge was not
justified in granting mandatory relief staying the termination of
the franchise agreement;
vi) Clause 21.6 of the agreement specifically contemplates that only
BCCI and not the franchisee shall have the right to institute an
action for injunctive or equitable relief in a court of law where
damages may not be an adequate remedy for a breach by the
franchisee of the agreement. On the basis of Clause 21.6 it was
urged before the Court that the right to seek injunctive and
equitable relief is available only to BCCI and not to the
franchisee and the remedy of the franchisee upon a termination
of the agreement must only sound in a claim of damages
before the arbitral tribunal.
15. On behalf of the Respondent it has been submitted that –
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i. The conditions prerequisite to the termination of the contract
under Clause 11.7 were not made out. The learned Single
Judge having found a strong prima facie case for the grant of
interim relief, the exercise of discretion does not fall for
interference in appeal;
ii. The contract between the Appellant and the Respondent was
for the entire duration of IPL. Clause 11.7 contemplates both a
direct and indirect form of control. The contention of the
Appellant that Clause 11.7 contemplates only de jure control is
erroneous;
iii. The successful bidders in the present case constituted a
consortium consisting of Preity Zinta, Ness Wadia, Mohit
Burman and Karan Paul. At all material times right from the
inception these members of the consortium were and continued
to be under the control of the Respondent;
iv. The existence of control over the Respondent by the members
of the consortium can be established from several indicia
among them being (i) Resolutions dated 2 February 2008 and 3
March 2008 passed by ACEE; (ii) The capital contributions in
the amount of Rs.25 Crores brought in by the members of the
consortium to the Respondent between January and April 2008;
(iii) The treatment of an amount of Rs.9.95 Crores as share
application money in the balancesheet of the Respondent and
in the ledger accounts pertaining to the members of the
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consortium in the books of the Respondent; (iv) The disclosures
made in the income tax return for the assessment year 200809
of the Respondent; (v) The only directors of the Respondent
have at all material times been only members of the
consortium; (vi) Monies have been raised from the bankers for
the purposes of the franchise against personal guarantees
executed by the members of the consortium;
v. Clause 21.6 of the franchise agreement must be construed
strictly insofar as it excludes a statutory remedy or right.
Clause 21.6 speaks of any breach by a franchisee. If Clause 21.6
is construed to prohibit a franchisee from bringing an action
under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 for
injunctive or equitable relief in a situation where damages may
not provide an adequate remedy, such a clause would be hit by
Section 28 of the Contract Act.
16. The rival submissions now fall for determination by the Court.
We preface our analysis with the observation that we decide upon
the submissions only for the purpose of the Petition under Section 9,
out of which the appeal arises.
17. The basis and foundation of the notice of termination is that
while in the bid that was submitted by the members of the
consortium a representation was held out to BCCI, that the four
members consisting of Preity Zinta, Ness Wadia, Mohit Burman and
Karan Paul would control the affairs of the franchisee, this was belied
when the Respondent was initially constituted. The gravamen of the
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allegation of BCCI is that when the franchise agreement was entered
into on 10 April 2008, none of the members of the consortium was a
shareholder of the Respondent. Now from the chart which has been
extracted in the earlier part of this judgment it would be abundantly
clear that on the date of the franchise agreement the shareholding of
the Respondent was held between ACEE which held 9900 shares and
Mohit Burman who held 100%. Clause 11.7 of the franchise
agreement defines the expression control to mean the ‘ ’ direct or
indirect power of another person to secure that the affairs of another
are conducted in accordance with his wishes. The exercise of both a
direct as well as an indirect control is therefore within the
contemplation of Clause 11.7. Clause 11.7 also postulates that this
control may be exercised by either of three modalities, these being –
(i) the holding of any shares or the possession of voting power; (ii) by
the powers conferred under the Articles of Association of a company
and (iii) by virtue of any contractual arrangement. Ex facie, Clause
11.7 is not confined to the exercise of de jure control. Clause 11.7
recognizes that control may be wielded by a broader set of
commercial arrangements, sanctified by contract or agreement.
The Respondent in its petition under Section 9 specifically set up
the plea in paragraph 4.10 that Mohit Burman who was a member of
the consortium had identified ACEE which was a family investment
company as a company which would initially hold a majority of the
shares of the Respondent. The assurance of Mohit Burman to the
members of the consortium was that he had full control over ACEE
which would act in accordance with the decisions of the members of
the consortium which in fact it did. The second statement of the
Respondent in its pleadings under Section 9 is that Mohit Burman
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was always in control and continues to be in control of ACEE, Windy
Investments and MB Finmart Pvt. Ltd. (earlier known as Dabur
Investment Corporation Ltd.) At this stage what necessitates emphasis
is that the control which is postulated by Clause 11.7 is not merely a
direct or de jure control but a control that may be indirect as well.
Clause 11.7 expressly recognizes that control may be exercised in
terms of the holding of shares, the exercise of voting powers, through
the Articles of Association or for that matter even by a contractual
arrangement.
18. There are, in our view, prima facie at this stage atleast seven
circumstances which weigh in support of the conclusion of the
learned Single Judge that the members of the consortium right from
the inception exercised control over the affairs and management of
the Respondent. As we have noted earlier, on 10 March 2008 the
entire share capital of the Respondent was held by ACEE and by
Mohit Burman. The first circumstance is that on 2 February 2008
ACEE had passed a resolution in the following terms :
“ RESOLVED THAT pursuant to the provisions of Section 292
and subject to all other applicable provisions of the Companies
Act, 1956 the consent of the Board be and is hereby accorded to
authorize Mr. Mohit Burman, Director of the Company,
individually to invest the fund of the Company in any
Franchisee in Northern India for bidding to BCCI.
RESOLVED FURTHER THAT the consent of the Board be and is
hereby accorded to incorporate a new Company / Special
Purpose Vehicle on request of other promoters to commence the
above venture and Mr. Mohit Burman be and is hereby
authorized to defray expenses thereon and pay any fees.
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RESOLVED FURTHER THAT the Board hereby takes note that
the promoters of the new Company / Special Purpose Vehicle
shall be Ms. Preity Zinta, Mr. Ness Wadia, Mr. Karan Paul, Mr.
Mohit Burman and others as per the ratio to be mutually
agreed between the promoters. (emphasis supplied) ”
19. The resolution expressly recognizes (i) the consent of the –
Board of directors for Mohit Burman individually to invest the funds
of the company in any franchisee in Northern India for bidding to
BCCI; (ii) the consent of the board for the incorporation of a new
company on the request of the other promoters and (iii) that the
promoters of a new company would be the four members of the
consortium namely Preity Zinta, Ness Wadia, Karan Paul and Mohit
‘ ’
Burman. The other promoters mentioned in the second paragraph
are the promoters referred to by name in the third paragraph.
On 3 March 2008 a second resolution was passed at a meeting of the
Board of ACEE to the following effect :
“ RESOLVED THAT the Board hereby takes note that the bid
applied by the company alongwith other promoters to purchase
Mohali Franchise (amounting USD 76 million and One US
Dollar) has been accepted by BCCI.
RESOLVED THAT the consent of the Board be and is hereby
accorded to incorporate a new Company in the name of K.P.H.
Dream Cricket Pvt. Ltd. on request of the other promoters to
commence the above venture, initially with following
shareholders and Directors :
NAME OF THE SHAREHOLDERS:
1. ACEE Enterprises
2. Mr. Mohit Burman
NAME OF THE DIRECTORS:
1. Mohit Burman
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2. Ness Wadia ”
20. This resolution specifically took notice of the bid submitted for
the Mohali franchise which was accepted by BCCI. More significantly
it extended the consent of the Board to incorporate the Respondent
on the request of the other promoters and initially with certain
shareholders and directors. Significantly, the first directors of the
Respondent were Mohit Burman and Ness Wadia who were members
of the consortium which had submitted the bid to BCCI for the
Mohali franchise. Thus, the first important circumstance is the fact
that ACEE was at all material times since the inception cognizant of
and had consented to the arrangement whereby Mohit Burman would
join in the constitution of the Respondent; that the promoters of the
Respondent would be the members of the consortium and initially
two members of the consortium would be directors of the
Respondent.
21. The second circumstance is that a little prior to the
incorporation of the Respondent, Form 1A was filed with the Registrar
of Companies on 18 February 2008 disclosing the names of the
promoters. Form 1A expressly stated that the promoters of the
Respondent were Mohit Burman, Ness Wadia, Karan Paul and Preity
Zinta, besides ACEE. However, on behalf of the Appellant reliance
was sought to be placed on Form 1 filed with the Registrar of
Companies on 6 March 2008. All that Form 1 contained was a
disclosure that there were two subscribers to the Respondent viz.
ACEE and Mohit Burman. Now there is no factual dispute about the
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position that on the date of the constitution of the Respondent these
indeed were the two initial shareholders. Therefore Form 1 really
does not advance the case of the Appellant.
22. The third circumstance to which a reference must be made is
that in January 2008 Preity Zinta, Mohit Burman and Karan Paul
brought in an amount of Rs.20 Crores towards payment of the
performance deposit which was required to be effected in favour of
BCCI. Between 9 March 2008 and 8 April 2008 Ness Wadia brought
in an additional amount of Rs.5 Crores as capital contribution. In the
ledger accounts of the Respondent, an amount of Rs.9.95 Crores was
treated as share application money contributed by the four members
of the consortium. The balancesheet of the Respondent similarly
reflected an amount of Rs.9.95 Crores as having been paid towards
share application money. The Respondent in its income tax return
for assessment year 200809 filed in October 2009 also disclosed the
share application money of Rs.9.95 Crores. Obviously, these sums of
money were brought in by each of the four members of the
consortium on the basis and foundation that they would be allotted
shares, something that, as we would note shortly hereafter did in fact
take place. The fourth important circumstance to which a reference
must be made is that the only directors of the Respondent from the
inception were members of the consortium. Initially as we have
noted, the directors of the Respondent were Mohit Burman and Ness
Wadia. On 28 March 2008 Preity Zinta was inducted as an additional
director. The fifth circumstance is that monies were raised from the
bankers of the Respondent against the furnishing of personal
guarantees by the members of the consortium. Sixthly, on 8 May
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2008 a fresh allotment of shares took place. At that allotment Preity
Zinta and Ness Wadia were allotted each 23.958% of the share capital
of the Respondent. Karan Paul was allotted 4.166 %. Altogether the
three promoters came to hold 52.08% of the share capital. ACEE and
Mohit Burman in turn transferred their shareholding in the
Respondent to two companies viz. Dabur Investment Corporation Ltd.
(MB Finmart P. ltd.) and Windy Investments Private Ltd. Now the
contention of the Respondent is that all these three companies are in
fact family investment companies of Mohit Burman. As regards ACEE
it has been stated that Mohit Burman held 12.5 % of the shares, his
mother held 25% shares, his brother held 12.5% while a cousin held
50%. What is significant is that on 8 May 2008 ACEE issued a fresh
allotment of shares to Preity Zinta, Ness Wadia, Karan Paul, the effect
of which was that together they would constitute a majority
comprising of 52.08%. ACEE thereafter retained a stake only through
Windy Investments Private Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary. ACEE had
in other words given up 99.9% of its shareholding in the Respondent
for a shareholding of 12.5% through its subsidiary, Windy Investments.
This could have been only on the hypothesis that this was done at
the behest and bidding of Mohit Burman who was one of the
members of the consortium controlling ACEE.
23. The entire basis of the letter of termination is erroneous and
flawed. The termination of the agreement states that when the
Respondent was formed on 10 March 2008, none of the members of
the consortium figured as shareholders. The letter then states that
in the first instance on 8 May 2008 ACEE and Mohit Burman
transferred their shares to Dabur Investment and Windy Investments
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as a result of which the transferee companies had taken control over
the franchisee. This totally ignores the factual position that while on
8 May 2008 a transfer had taken place of the shareholding of ACEE
and Mohit Burman in the Respondent, this was accompanied by the
allotment of fresh share capital to Preity Zinta, Ness Wadia and
Karan Paul, all of them being members of the consortium who
together came to hold over 52% of the share capital. Secondly, the
termination then proceeds on the basis that on 30 June 2008 further
changes took place as a result of which the 100% control over the
franchisee exercised by Dabur Investment and Windy Investments
came down to only 23%. Ex facie, this part of the notice is equally
fallacious. Neither Dabur nor Windy had at any point of time
exercised 100% control, or for that matter control over the
Respondent within the meaning of Clause 11.7. Moreover, as the
chart which has been extracted in the earlier part of the judgment
shows, on 30 June 2008 there was a further issue of shares in the
same proportion of the existing shareholding of the Respondent. In
these circumstances, it is to our mind abundantly clear that the
Appellant purported to terminate the contract on a basis which was
factually incorrect. At this stage, it would be relevant to note that
during the course of the hearing, the Learned Single Judge, in order
to test the bonafides of the members of the consortium and of their
case that ACEE, Windy Investments and Dabur Investment were
companies controlled by Mohit Burman, had enquired as to whether
Windy Investments and Dabur Investment would transfer the entire
shares held by them aggregating to about 24% in the Respondent in
the name of Mohit Burman. The learned Judge recorded that
counsel appearing on behalf of the Respondent on taking instructions
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immediately agreed.
24. For these reasons, we are of the view that the learned Single
Judge was entirely justified in coming to the conclusion that at all
material times right from the inception, control over the affairs and
management of the Respondent continued to rest in the members of
the consortium. We may also note that Article 31 of the Articles of
Association of the Respondent postulates that the Directors shall be
entitled to exercise all such powers and to do all such acts and
things as the company is authorized to exercise and do. The
judgment of the Supreme Court in Life Insurance Corporation of
1
India v. Escorts Ltd. is an authority for the proposition that there “
are many powers exercisable by the Directors with which the
members in general meeting cannot interfere. The most they can do
is to dismiss the Directorate and appoint others in their place, or
alter the articles so as to restrict the powers of the Directors for the
future. This principle of law has been established also by the Court ”
of Appeal in England in John Shaw and Sons (Salford), Ltd. v.
2
Peter Shaw and John Shaw and Automatic SelfCleansing Filter
3
Syndicate Company Ltd. V. Cuninghame . The only directors of the
Respondent since the inception are members of the consortium and
them alone.
25. On behalf of the Appellant it has been urged that Clause 21.6
of the franchise agreement interposes a bar upon the remedy of a
franchisee to seek injunctive or equitable relief. Counsel appearing
1 AIR 1986 SC 1370.
2 (1935) 2 King’s Bench Division 113
3 (1906) 2 Chancery Division 34.
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on behalf of the Appellant submitted that the import of Clause 21.6 is
that it is only BCCI which is entitled to bring an action before a
Court for injunctive or equitable relief and that the remedy of a
franchisee can only be to claim damages upon termination.
26. Now at the outset, it must be noted that Clause 21.6 postulates
that BCCI shall have the right to bring an action before the Courts of
Mumbai for injunctive or equitable relief, if it reasonably believes that
damages may not be an adequate remedy for a breach by the
franchisee of the agreement. The words but not the franchisee are “ ”
pressed in aid of the submission that the right of the franchisee to
move a court for injunctive or equitable relief is excluded.
Under Clause 21.2 parties have agreed that if any dispute arises under
the agreement which cannot be amicably resolved, parties shall
submit their dispute to arbitration. However, by Clause 21.6 BCCI is
empowered to bring an action before a Court in Mumbai in order to
seek injunctive or equitable relief. Now the belief of BCCI, if it were
to bring an action claiming injunctive or other equitable relief, that
damages would not be an adequate remedy is by no means
conclusive, in the event, that an action is brought before a Court. It is
for the Court to determine in the first place as to whether damages
would or would not constitute an adequate remedy. Clause 21.6
essentially deals with a situation where there is a breach of the
agreement by the franchisee. Now what the argument of the
Appellant essentially requires the Court to accept, is that the
franchisee is barred by Clause 21.6 from bringing an action under
Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 to claim
injunctive relief in respect of an unlawful termination of the contract
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even in a circumstance where damages would not provide an
adequate remedy. Whether the damages would or would not provide
an adequate remedy is a separate issue altogether. However, in our
view, it would be wholly destructive of the underlying principles of
Section 28 of the Contract Act to allow a party to assert that the
effect of a contractual term is to prohibit access to the Court in a
petition under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996
for obtaining suitable injunctive relief even if, damages were not to
provide an adequate recompense. The Court would not readily adopt
such a construction of Clause 21.6 and indeed if it were to do so,
there would be serious questions in regard to validity of Clause 21.6.
A construction must therefore be placed on Clause 21.6 which makes
business sense. After all, the franchise agreement reflects a business
understanding between parties to a commercial document. When the
Court construes a commercial document, the effort must be to give
business efficacy to a commercial understanding between the parties.
We decline to read Clause 21.6 as enabling BCCI to successfully set
up the defence that the remedy of injunctive relief under Section 9 is
barred even if the franchisee is able to establish that damages would
not provide an adequate remedy. Significantly when parties agreed
to a consent order in Arbitration Petition 1340 of 2010, they left it
open to the Respondent to file an application before the sole
arbitrator for interim relief under Section 17.
27. That leaves the Court with the question as to whether, in the
facts of this case the grant of interlocutory relief was warranted. The
effect of the order of the learned Single Judge is to stay the
termination by BCCI of the franchise agreement. We are of the view
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for the reasons indicated earlier that the learned Single Judge was
justified in coming to the conclusion that a strong prima facie case
was made out by the Respondent for the grant of interlocutory relief.
The Respondent in the course of its arbitration petition has set out
several circumstances as to why, the franchise agreement needs to be
specifically enforced. These circumstances are :
i. There exists no standard for ascertaining the actual damage
that may be caused by the non performance of the franchise
agreement and compensation in money would not afford an
adequate relief;
ii. The franchise agreement is a perpetual agreement, coterminus
with the life of the IPL and not one which in its nature is
determinable;
iii. The subject matter of the franchise agreement is of special
value and interest to the Respondent and the rights acquired by
the Respondent are not readily available in the market;
iv. The Respondent had spent a large amount of effort, time and
money in developing and creating the business and the brand
of Kings XI Punjab;
v. As a result of the letter of termination the Respondent would
be precluded from participating in the auction for cricketers
which is scheduled to take place in January 2011. Players are
normally signed up for two year contracts with the option of a
one year extension;
vi. The Respondent would also not be able to trade players with
other franchisees at mutually agreed prices;
vii.The Respondent is a representative franchisee for the States of
Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir
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which provides a platform for cricketers of the region to
develop their skills;
viii.The Respondent has built up a large number of sponsors who
have chosen to become part of the brand, Kings XI Punjab. In
the year 2010 itself 14 sponsors had signed up with the
Respondent, some of them having signed a contract which
extends for a period upto three years;
ix. The Respondent has been promoting cricket in far off places, in
remote areas of Himachal Pradesh and is currently in the
process of setting up a cricket academy in conjunction with the
Cricket Associations of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
28. We are of the view that sufficient grounds were made out on
behalf of the Respondent for establishing that damages would not
provide an adequate remedy and that an interim order staying the
termination was warranted. Such an order falls within the
contemplation and purview of Section 9. The Arbitrator has power
to grant specific performance. The Arbitrator, if appointed again, will
decide finally all the issues after taking note of material and
submissions. During this period, the Court is empowered to pass a
protective order in order to preserve the subject matter of the
Arbitration and to safeguard the rights in adjudication before the
arbitral tribunal from being frustrated. In view of the nature of the
transaction, the conduct of the parties, to avoid irreparable loss,
injury and harm to goodwill and reputation, and in the interests of
justice as a strong prima facie case is made out, we are inclined to
maintain the order passed by the learned Single Judge. We are also
of the view that the balance of convenience lies in favour of the
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Respondent. It was just and convenient to pass an order to protect
and preserve the subject matter of the dispute, to avoid further
complications in the matter, particularly when the action of an abrupt
termination of the contract which had a life coextensive with the
duration of IPL is unjust, unfair and illegal. Damages will hence not
provide adequate or sufficient recompense. Therefore, clause 21.6
does not affect the power and jurisdiction of the Court under Section
9 to pass such an order, at the interim stage, till the award of the
arbitral tribunal. However, this is subject to the conditions set out in
the order of the learned Single Judge.
4
29. In Hindustan Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. Sriman Narayan , t he
Supreme Court reiterated the principles which were laid down in
5
Dorab Cawasji Warden v. Coomi Sorab Warden for the grant of
interlocutory mandatory injunctions. The circumstances which have
been enunciated in the judgment of the Supreme Court include that
(i) The plaintiff must establish a strong case for trial, a higher
standard than a prima facie case normally required for a prohibitory
injunction; (ii) The Plaintiff must establish that it is necessary to
prevent irreparable or serious injury which normally cannot be
compensated in terms of money; (iii) The balance of convenience
must be in favour of one seeking such relief. We are more than
satisfied that the learned Single Judge is justified in coming to the
conclusion that these principles are duly fulfilled.
30. The judgment of the Supreme Court in Lachoo Mal v. Radhye
4 (2002) 5 SCC 760.
5 (1990) 2 SCC 117.
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6
Shyam deals with the question as to whether a landlord could
waive the exemption benefit available for constructions made after
the stipulated date in the U.P Control of Rent and Eviction Act. The
Supreme Court laid down that the general principle is that every
individual has a right to waive an advantage of a rule made solely
for the benefit of the individual unless it can be shown that an
agreement in such circumstances is contrary to public policy. The
judgment of the Supreme Court would really not advance the case of
the Appellant.
31. The learned Single Judge while granting an interlocutory
injunction, carefully weighed the equities and has made the final
relief subject to stringent conditions. These conditions include the
requirement that the Respondent furnish a bank guarantee of US $
18 million to secure the payment of players dues and another bank ’
guarantee in the amount of US $ 3.5 million, both of nationalized
banks. In addition, the learned Single Judge has recorded a personal
undertaking to guarantee the payment of any amounts that may be
found due and payable by any court, tribunal or by any other
authority. Having regard to the settled principles enunciated by the
7
Supreme Court in Wander Ltd. v. Antox India P. Ltd. , no case has
been made out for interference. Before concluding, we must advert
to the judgment of the Supreme Court in Board of Control for
8
Cricket in India v. Netaji Cricket Club . While it is true that BCCI
is not State within the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution, the
Supreme Court has held that nonetheless the Board is bound to
6 AIR 1971 SC 2213.
7 1990 (Supp) SCC 727.
8 (2005) 4 SCC 741.
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follow the doctrines of fairness and good faith in all its activities
having regard to the enormity of the power exercised by it. For the
reasons which we have indicated, we have come to the conclusion
that the termination of the contract was anything but fair. The
termination was wholly arbitrary, and was founded on an erroneous
factual basis. It therefore deserved the treatment which it has
received in the Court of the learned Single Judge. We therefore do
not find any reason to interfere. The Appeal shall accordingly stand
dismissed.
There shall be no order as to costs.
(Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, J.)
(Anoop V. Mohta, J.)
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