Full Judgment Text
CA 24/2013
1
Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
Civil Appeal No 24 of 2013
Bhartiben Chandrakantbhai Thakor Appellant
Versus
State of Gujarat and Others Respondents
J U D G M E N T
Dr Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud, CJI
1 The appellant was appointed as an Auxiliary Nurse Midwife by the District
Panchayat, Valsad on 15 January 1980. She submitted her resignation from
service on 18 April 1993, but on 23 November 1993, withdrew it. On 20
December 1993, she was called upon to resume service. She was however
not permitted to join until 16 April 1994. On 23/26 December 1994, an order
was passed accepting her resignation with effect from 31 March 1993. This
Signature Not Verified
Digitally signed by
CHETAN KUMAR
Date: 2023.03.02
16:11:34 IST
Reason:
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gave rise to the institution of a petition under Article 226 of the Constitution
by the appellant.
2 By a judgment dated 12 October 2000, a Single Judge of the High Court of
Gujarat set aside the order dated 23/26 December 1994 and directed that
the appellant would be entitled to all consequential benefits.
2
3 In a Letters Patent Appeal filed by the State of Gujarat, a Division Bench of
the High Court found that the appellant had not been allowed to resume her
duties for no fault of hers. However, the Division Bench directed that the
appellant shall not be entitled to any benefits for the period for which the
resignation was in force.
4 The above narration indicates that the issue pertaining to the resignation of
the appellant attained finality with the judgment of the Division Bench dated
22 February 2001. Evidently, the appellant had withdrawn her resignation
prior to its acceptance. The subsequent order of the Government accepting
her resignation in December 1994 with effect from 31 March 1993 was of no
consequence in law. The consequence of the decision of the High Court was
that the resignation of the appellant from service which was withdrawn on 23
November 1993 would not have any legal effect. The only consequence of
the judgment of the Division Bench was that whereas the Single Judge had
directed that the appellant would be entitled to all consequential benefits,
Special Civil Appeal No 10418 of 1995
1
2 Letters Patent Appeal No 97 of 2001
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the Division Bench held that she would not be entitled to benefits for the
period for which the resignation was in force. In other words, this period
would be from 18 April 1993 until 23 November 1993.
5 Despite the above legal position, an order was initially passed on 8 April
2002 by the respondent holding that (i) the period from 24 November 1993
to 30 March 2001 would be treated as unauthorized leave; and (ii) the above
period would be considered as a break in service without salary.
Subsequently on 17 July 2002, a similar order was passed treating the period
of resignation as unauthorized leave.
6 The two orders dated 8 April 2002 and 17 July 2002 led to the institution of
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fresh proceedings under Article 226 of the Constitution. By a judgment
dated 9 August 2004, a Single Judge of the High Court quashed and set aside
both the above orders dated 8 April 2002 and 17 July 2002. The respondents
were directed to pay all the benefits for the period from 24 November 1993
till 30 March 2001 together with interest at 9% from 22 February 2001. The
amount was paid in 2004 and the interest element was paid in 2012.
Significantly, the judgment of the High Court dated 9 August 2004 attained
finality. There was no appeal against the decision.
7 On 16 July 2005, a third order was passed by the respondents holding the
following period as unauthorized leave and to be treated as a break in
3 Special Civil Application No 9723 of 2002
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service, namely;
(i) 21 June 1988 – 31 July 1988 - 41 days;
(ii) 18 April 1993 – 23 November 1993 - 220 days; and
(iii) 6 November 1991 – 7 April 1993 - 521 days
4
8 The above order gave rise to a third petition under Article 226 at the
instance of the appellant. By its impugned judgment dated 25 July 2006, the
High Court has held that no continuity of service could be granted on
account of her absence from service over a period of 782 days, as noted
above. The judgment of the Single Judge dated 25 July 2006 has been
affirmed in appeal by the Division Bench on 17 February 2009. The matter
has hence travelled to this Court.
9 We have heard Mr Nachiketa Joshi, counsel appearing on behalf of the
appellant and Ms Swati Ghildiyal, counsel for the State of Gujarat.
10 The appellant had submitted her resignation on 18 April 1993, but withdrew
it on 23 November 1993. The order accepting the resignation was passed
much thereafter on 23/26 December 1994. This order was set aside by the
High Court. While the Single Judge had directed the grant of all consequential
benefits, the Division Bench in a Letters Patent Appeal modified the
judgment to the extent that the appellant was held not to be entitled to any
benefits for the period for which the resignation was in force. Hence, as a
4 Special Civil Application No 14636 of 2006
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consequence of the judgment of the Division Bench in the Letters Patent
Appeal, the appellant was not entitled to any consequential benefits between
18 April 1993 and 20 December 1993.
11 The expression “for the period for which resignation was in force” cannot be
stretched to a date after the resignation had been withdrawn on 23
November 1993 before it came into force.
12 Despite the above position, two orders were passed thereafter on 8 April
2002 and 17 July 2002. Both the orders were set aside by the High Court on
9 August 2004 with a direction to the respondents to pay consequential
benefits between November 1993 and March 2001 with interest.
13 Even after the appellant succeeded in the second writ petition, a further
order was passed on 16 July 2005. Of the three periods which are referred to
in the third order dated 16 July 2005, it is evident that the first period of 41
days is between June 1988 and July 1988 which is prior to the date of the
resignation from service. The second period between April and November
1993 of 220 days is the period after the submission of the resignation and till
its withdrawal which already formed the subject matter of the order passed
by the Division Bench on 22 February 2001. The final period of 521 days
however is between 6 November 1991 and 7 April 1993. This period has
been set up in the order which was passed on 16 July 2005. Clearly, it was
not open to the State to continue passing successive order of this nature
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once the dispute over the period of resignation and the manner in which the
resignation had to be treated had attained finality. The appellant was not
entitled to any consequential benefits only for the period between 18 April
1993 to 23 November 1993.
14 The appellant has been granted voluntary retirement from service on 30
November 2011. For the last 11 years, the appellant has been granted only
provisional pension. The order by which the appellant has been permitted to
retire voluntarily indicates that the appellant completed 24 years 10 months
and 5 days of pensionable service out of a total service of 31 years 8 months
and 15 days after deducting 6 years 10 months and 5 days.
15 For the reasons which we have indicated in the text of this judgment, we
have come to the conclusion that the appellant should be treated to have
completed the minimum pensionable service of 25 years. The pensionary
dues payable to the appellant shall be computed on that basis regardless of
any order which may have been passed by the State government. The
pensionary payments to which the appellant is entitled on the basis that she
has completed 25 years of pensionable service shall be computed within a
period of two months from the date of this order. The arrears of pension
payable to the appellant with effect from the date on which her voluntary
retirement from service was accepted shall be paid over to the appellant
within a period of one month thereafter together with interest at the rate of
6% per annum.
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16 The appeal is allowed in the above terms and the impugned judgment of the
High Court dated 17 February 2009 is set aside.
17 Pending applications, if any, stand disposed of.
….....…...….......…………………..CJI.
[Dr Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud]
..…....…........……………….…........J.
[Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha]
..…....…........……………….…........J.
[J B Pardiwala]
New Delhi;
February 27, 2023
CKB