BHAGWAN SINGH vs. THE STATE OF UTTARAKHAND

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 18-03-2020

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 407 OF 2020 [Arising out of Special Leave Petition(Crl.)No. 656 OF 2018]
Bhagwan Singh..... Appellants(s)
VERSUS
State of Uttarakhand.....Respondents(s)
JUDGMENT Leave granted. th 2. This Criminal Appeal is directed against the judgment dated 26 July, 2017 passed by the High Court of Uttarakhand whereby the appellant’s   criminal   appeal   against   the   judgment   and   order   dated th th 11 /12  July, 2013 rendered by Learned Sessions Judge, Bageshwar convicting the appellant under Sections 302 and 307 of Indian Penal Code   (for   short,   ‘IPC’)   and   sentencing   him   to   undergo   life Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by CHARANJEET KAUR Date: 2020.03.18 16:11:01 IST Reason: imprisonment   (under   Section   302,   IPC)   and   5   years’   rigorous imprisonment     (under   Section   307,   IPC)   along   with   a   fine   of   Rs. Page  | 1 20,000/­ in default whereof he was directed to undergo 6 months’ additional rigorous imprisonment, was dismissed. The appellant was, however, acquitted for offence punishable under Section 25 of the Arms Act for want of the requisite sanction.  3. It may be mentioned at the outset that notice of the special leave petition was issued on the limited question to determine the nature of offence  committed  by  the   appellant  i.e.  whether  it   falls  under  the ambit of Section 302 or 304 of IPC. To determine this question the facts may be briefly noted. Facts: 4. On 21st April, 2007, the marriage ceremony of the Appellant’s son was taking place at village Dafaut, Uttarakhand, when around 5:30 pm as soon as the marriage procession reached the Appellant’s courtyard ­ he suddenly fired celebratory gunshots. The pellets struck 5   persons   standing   in   the   courtyard   namely,   Smt.   Anita   W/o Chanchal Singh, Khushal Singh @ Sonu, Ummed Singh (P.W.6), Smt. Vimla W/o Devendra Singh (P.W.5) and Smt. Vimla W/o Bhupal Singh (P.W.7). The injured were taken to the hospital where two of them – Anita and Khushal Singh @ Sonu succumbed to their injuries. Later at about 8:40 pm, Dharam Singh (P.W.3) filed an FIR at PS Kothwali, Bageshwar, narrating in full detail the incident of which he himself was a witness. 5. After   the   conclusion   of   investigation,   initially   a   charge   sheet Page  | 2 under   Section   304,   IPC   was   filed   but   later   on   the   appellant   was charged under Sections 302 and 307, IPC along with Section 25 of the Arms Act. 6. The  Ld.  Sessions   Judge   held  the   appellant  guilty   of  offences under   Sections   302   and   307,   IPC   based   on   testimonies   of   eye witnesses and injured witnesses. It was noted that Appellant fired shots from his son’s licensed gun causing fatal injuries to Smt. Anita and Khushal Singh and injuring three others. He was consequently sentenced in the manner as briefly noticed in the opening paragraph of the order.  7. The appellant went in appeal before the High Court. His primary contention was that he had no intention to cause anyone’s death. He stated that the firing was accidental and was caused by a ball with which some children were playing. The ball struck against the gun in his   hand   and   led   to   the   firing   of   shots.   The   occurrence   was   an admitted fact and the only plea taken was that it being a case of accidental firing, Section 300 punishable under Section 302, IPC was not attracted. 8. The High Court rejected the appellant’s plea and held as follows: There   is   no   merit   in   the   submission   put   forth   by   learned Advocates appearing for the appellant.   PW2 Chanchal Singh has categorically deposed that the appellant has aimed at his wife Smt. Anita and fired.  The bullet hit on her chest.  She was taken   to   the   hospital   and   declared   dead.     In   his   cross­ examination, he has denied the suggestion that the ball has struck   against   the   gun   which   led   to   accidental   fire.     PW3 Page  | 3 Dharam Singh has also admitted that the injuries were caused by the accused with the firearm.  The injured were taken to the hospital.  He has also denied that it was a case of accidental fire.  PW4 Tejpal Singh is another eyewitness. According to him the   appellant   fired.     The   pellets   had   hit   Anita   and   his   son Khushal @ Sonu. He has also denied the suggestion that it was an accidental fire. PW5 Vimla Devi W/o Devendra Singh has also   corroborated   the   statements   of   eyewitnesses   PW2 Chandchal (sic.) Singh and PW4 Tejpal Singh.  According to her also, the appellant has fired and she suffered the pellet injuries and was taken to the hospital. PW6 Ummed Singh is another eyewitness.    According   to   him  also,  the   appellant   was   seen holding a gun. He also received the injuries. He was taken to the hospital for treatment. He has also denied that it was a case of accidental fire.  PW7 Vimla Devi W/o Bhupal Singh is also the eyewitness. According to her, the appellant fired his gun and she along with others had received the pellet injuries.  She was also   taken   to   the   hospital.     He   has   admitted   in   the   cross­ examination   that   the   appellant   fired   aiming   Anita   Devi   and Khushal Singh.”  The High Court has further held that: “Appellant was standing on the roof.   He aimed at Anita Devi. The bullet struck Anita Devi on her chest. Khushal Singh @ Sonu also received firearm injuries.   Other persons also suffered the pellet injuries by firearm. Appellant was seen shooting by PW2 Chanchal Singh, PW4 Tejpal Singh, PW5 Smt. Vimla Devi W/o Devendra Singh, PW6 Ummed Singh and PW7 Vimla Devi W/o Bhupal Singh. It cannot be termed as the case of negligence.  The accused   had   knowledge   throughout  that  if  the   bullet  is  fired aiming at a particular person, it would result in his/her death.” Page  | 4 9. As stated earlier, this Court issued notice restricted to the nature of the offence. The appellant’s culpability of causing the death of Smt. Anita and Khushal Singh by way of gunshot injury as concurrently established was thus neither intended to be interfered with nor the same has been seriously re­agitated before us. Contentions: 10. Learned   senior   counsel   for   the   appellant   very   passionately contended that this is a case of celebratory firing which unfortunately caused   unintentional   death   of   two   persons   and   injuries   to   three others. It is not ‘culpable homicide’ because the appellant had, while firing towards roof, no knowledge that the act was likely to cause death. He contended that such an act amounts to negligence of the nature as defined under Section 304­A, IPC. Learned senior counsel alternatively   submitted   that   the   appellant’s   act   at   best   would constitute culpable homicide not  amounting  to murder punishable under Section 304 Part­2, IPC, for the appellant can be said to have the knowledge that his act was likely to cause death but he had no intention to cause death or such bodily injury likely to cause death. Reliance was placed on the decision of this Court in  Kunwar Pal vs. 1 State of Uttarakhand 11. Conversely, learned State Counsel reiterated that the appellant was   rightly   convicted   under   Section   302,   IPC   as   the   evidence   on 1 (2014) 12 SCC 434 Page  | 5 record does suggest that while standing on the roof he aimed at Smt. Anita and fired the gunshot and the bullet struck her chest. Similarly, Khushal Singh @ Sonu received firearms injuries. Both Anita  and Khushal Singh admittedly died of those injuries.  Analysis: 12. We have heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.  From the contents of FIR read with the statements of injured and eye­witnesses, it emerges out that there was a marriage function of son of the appellant and no sooner did the rituals of marriage were performed at about 5.30 p.m., the appellant fired from a licensed gun pointing towards the roof and caused injuries to 5 persons.   Smt. Anita   W/o   Chanchal   Singh   and   Khushal   Singh   @   Sonu   were grievously   injured   who   eventually   succumbed   to   their   respective injuries. Smt. Anita as well as Khushal Singh were present there in order to participate in the marriage celebrations which suggests that neither they nor their families had any animosity with the appellant. Similarly, Dharm Singh (P.W.3) – complainant, too had no axe to grind against the appellant.   The eye­witness account further reveals that the shots were fired towards the roof and not aiming at any of the victims.  It may thus be difficult to accept that the appellant had any intention to kill Smt. Anita or Khushal Singh.  13. Equally unfounded is the defence plea taken by the appellant that he was only holding the licenced gun and a ball thrown by the Page  | 6 children who were playing with it, struck the gun causing accidental firing.  The version of eye­witnesses completely belies such a defence story. Otherwise also, it does not appeal to common sense that a ball would strike the gun in appellant’s hand resulting in an undesigned firing. Unless the safety lock of the gun was moved forward, the gun wouldn’t go off automatically even if its butt   was hit by a play­ball. Appellant’s attempt to  shelter behind Section 304­A, IPC is thus an exercise in futility and is liable to be rejected.  14. In this backdrop, the short question which falls for consideration is whether the appellant’s act of causing death of Smt. Anita and Khushal Singh tantamounts to offence of ‘murder’ as held by the trial court and  the High  Court or  any  lesser  offence as  urged by  Shri Siddharth Luthra, learned senior counsel for the appellant. Sections 299 as well as 300, IPC provide for situations in which death is caused by an act with the intention of causing death or such bodily injury which the offender knows is likely to cause death. Both Sections 299 and 300 deal with instances in which death is caused by an act with the intention of causing such bodily injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause death of the person to whom injury is inflicted.  These provisions also deal with cases where there is no intention of either causing death or a bodily injury which is ordinarily sufficient to cause death. The absence of intention to cause death or bodily injury which Page  | 7 is in the ordinary course of nature likely to cause death is, therefore, not conclusive.  What is required to be seen is whether the act is one where the offender must be deemed to have had the knowledge that he was likely, by such act, to cause death. 15. The trial court as well as the High Court have proceeded on the premise that the appellant’s act by firing from the gun which was pointed towards the roof, was as bad as firing into a crowd of persons so he ought to have known that his act of gun­shot firing was so imminently dangerous that it would, in all probability, cause death or such bodily injury as was likely to cause death. 16. The facts and circumstances of the instant case, however, do not permit   to   draw   such   a   conclusion.   We   have   already   rejected   the prosecution version to the extent that the appellant aimed at Smt. Anita and then fired the shot(s).   The evidence on record contrarily shows that the appellant aimed the gun towards the roof and then fired.   It was an unfortunate case of mis­firing.   The appellant of course cannot absolve himself of the conclusion that he carried a loaded gun at a crowded place where his own guests had gathered to attend the marriage ceremony.  He did not take any reasonable safety measure like to fire the shot in the air or towards the sky, rather he invited full risk and aimed the gun towards the roof and fired the shot. He was expected to know that pellets could cause multiple gun­shot Page  | 8 injuries to the nearby persons even if a single shot was fired. The appellant is, thus, guilty of an act, the likely consequences of which including causing fatal injuries to the persons being in a close circuit, are attributable to him. The offence committed by the appellant, thus, would amount to ‘culpable homicide’ within the meaning of Section 299, though punishable under Section 304 Part 2 of the IPC. 17. Incidents of celebratory firing are regretfully rising, for they are seen as a status symbol. A gun licensed for self­protection or safety and security of crops and cattle cannot be fired in celebratory events, it being a potential cause of fatal accidents.  Such like misuse of fire arms   convert   a   happy   event   to   a   pall   of   gloom.   Appellant   cannot escape the consequences of carrying the gun with live cartridges with the knowledge that firing at a marriage ceremony with people present there was  imminently dangerous and was likely to cause death.  18. A   somewhat,   similar   situation   arose   in   Kunwar   Pal   (Supra) wherein this Court held as under:  
“12.We find that the intention of the appellant to kill the deceased,
if any, has not been proved beyond a reasonable doubt and in any
case the appellant is entitled to the benefit of doubt which is
prominent in this case. It is not possible therefore to sustain the
sentence under Section 304 Part I IPC, which requires that the act
by which death is caused, must be done with the intention of
causing death or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as
is likely to cause death. Though it is not possible to attribute
intention it is equally not possible to hold that the act was done
without the knowledge that it is likely to cause death. Everybody,
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who carries a gun with live cartridges and even others know that
firing a gun and that too in the presence of several people is an act,
is likely to cause death, as indeed it did.Guns must be carried
19.     Resultantly,   we   hold   that   the   appellant   had   the   requisite knowledge essential for constituting the offence of ‘culpable homicide’ under Section 299 and punishable under Section 304 Part­2 of IPC. He is thus held guilty under Section 304 Part­2 and not under Section 302   of   IPC.   On   the   same   analogy,   the   appellant   is   liable   to   be punished for ‘attempt to commit culpable homicide’ not amounting to murder under Section 308, in place of Section 307 of IPC for the injuries   caused   to   the   other   three   victims.   To   this   extent,   the appellant’s contentions merit acceptance. Conclusion: 20. For the above­stated reasons, the appeal is allowed in part. The conviction   of   the   appellant   under   Section   302,   IPC   is   modified   to Section 304 Part­2, IPC and that under Section 307, IPC is altered to Section   308,   IPC.   As   a   necessary   corollary,   the   sentence   of   life imprisonment awarded to the appellant for committing the offence under Section 302 IPC, is reduced to 10 years’ rigorous imprisonment and   the  sentence   awarded   to   him   under   Section   307,   IPC   is substituted with Section 308 IPC, without any alteration in the fine imposed by the trial court. Page  | 10 …………………………….... (S.A. BOBDE) CJI ……..……………………..J. (B.R. GAVAI) …………………………… J. (SURYA KANT) NEW DELHI DATED : 18.03.2020 Page  | 11