RAMBEER SHOKEEN vs. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 31-01-2018

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ture1<br>REPOR<br>IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA<br>CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION<br>CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS.2181­2182 OF 2017<br>(Arising out of SLP(Crl.) Nos.7052­7053 of 2017)<br>RAMBEER SHOKEEN …..APPELLANT<br>:Versus:<br>STATE OF NCT OF DELHI …..RESPONDENT<br>J U D G M E N T<br>A.M. Khanwilkar, J.<br>1. These appeals, by special leave, question the legality and<br>tenability of the judgment and order passed by the learned<br>Single Judge of the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi dated<br>22nd May, 2017 in Criminal Appeal No.311/2017 and Criminal<br>M. (Bail) No.525/2017.<br>2. Briefly stated, the appellant has been named as an<br>Not Verified<br>igned by<br>H CHANDER<br>8.01.31<br>IST accused in FIR No.10 of 2015 registered at the Police StationTABLE
lly s<br>HAS<br>201<br>:33<br>on:
2 (Special Cell), Delhi, for offence punishable under Sections 3 & 4 of the Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act, 1999 (hereinafter referred to as the “MCOCA”).   He has also been named   as   an   accused   in   FIR   No.65/2016   for   offence punishable under Sections 26 & 27 of the Arms Act, registered at the same police station. He was declared as a proclaimed offender   in   connection   with   the   said   case   and   was   later th arrested on 27  November, 2016.   3. The appellant came to be arrested in connection with the st present FIR on 1   December, 2016. Before the expiry of 90 th days   period,   the   Additional   Public   Prosecutor   on  28 February, 2017 moved an application for extension of time to th file charge­sheet up to 15  March, 2017.  The said application reads thus:  “  ANNEXURE P­3 IN THE COURT OF SHRI RAKESH PANDIT, LD.ASJ, MCOCA # 25, PATIALA HOUSE COURTS, NEW DELHI. 3 FIR No. 10/2015 dated 23.02.2015 U/s 3/4 MCOC Act PS Special Cell, Lodhi Colony, Delhi.
Sl.<br>No.Name, Parentage & address
S/<br>V01RAMBEER SHOKEEN aged –<br>37 years, S/0 Shri Naval<br>Singh r/o H.No.151,<br>Extension­IV, Nangloi, Delhi­<br>41 & permanent address –<br>H.No.70, village Kamruddin<br>Nagar, P.S. Nihal Vihar, Delhi.
01.12.2016 Subject   :   Regarding   extension   of   limitation   period   upto 15.03.2017 Hon’ble Sir, It is submitted that I have perused the report of the Investigating   Officer   of   this   case.   The   allegations   against above Accused Rambeer Shokeen in present case are that he along   with   other   syndicate   members   was   running   an organized   crime   syndicate   in   Delhi   &   other   states   by committing a series of sensational crimes including gruesome and   inimical   murder,   extortion   by   putting   by   some businessmen in fear with criminal intimidation, obstruction of Govt. servants to deter them from discharge of official duties and offences under the arms act etc. The   above   accused   Rambeer   Shokeen   was   continuously evading   his   arrest   and   didn’t   join   investigation.   On 20.04.2015, non­bailable warrant against him was issued but couldn’t be executed, as not available at his possible hideouts and later on after further proceedings, he was declared P.O. on 26.08.2015 by this Hon’ble Court. On 27.11.2016, he was arrested in case FIR No.65/2016 U/s 25/27 Arms Act of P.S. Special Cell, Delhi and later on 01.12.2016, arrested in this case.  4 During investigation, several evidences including followings have been collected against above accused Rambeer Shokeen: 1.    Income Tax Return report (ITR) dated 10.02.2017 from year 2006­2016, which reflects that he has not filed ITR during this period, while he has incurred huge expenses during Delhi Legislative Elections of year 2013 & 2015 apart from other expenses. 2.    Reports regarding property details from the offence of Sub­Registrar West, SDM­Nangloi etc. 3.   FORM   26   submitted   by   him   before   Election   Officer showing details of moveable & immovable properties etc.  THE INVESTIGATION OF THE CASE IS TO BE CONDUCTED ON FOLLOWING GROUNDS 1.  As per FORM 26 submitted by the Accused before Election Commission to contest Delhi Legislative Assembly Election for Assembly Constituency­08 in year 2013, he has shown immoveable and moveable assets of himself & his wife worth Rs. 1.85 (approx.), while he and his wife Mrs. Reeta Shokeen are  not found  filing income tax returns  during year   2006­2016,   so   the   investigation   on   this   point   is necessarily required. 2.   To make further interrogation from accused to verify the source of huge amount of money in respect of the assets as mentioned above vis­à­vis the ITR for a period 2006­2016 (NIL   returns),   the   details   of   which   were   obtained   on 10.02.2017. In view of above pending investigation points, it is, humbly requested that the limitation period for filing charge sheet against above accused Rambeer Shokeen may be extended upto 15.03.2017, so that charge sheet against him may be filed before the Hon’ble Court as per the time limit fixed by Hon’ble Court. Submitted please, Sd./­ 28.02.17 (RAVINDRA KUMAR) Addl. Public Prosecutor Patiala House Court, New Delhi Dated: 28.02.2017” 5 th On the same day i.e. 28   February, 2017, the accused 4. moved an application for grant of statutory bail under Section 167(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure read with Section th 21(2)(b) of MCOCA. The Special Judge, by an order dated 28 February, 2017, extended the judicial custody of the appellant st until 1  March, 2017. The said order reads thus:   “An application for further extension of JC moved on behalf of IO. Copy given. Report is also submitted by Ld. APP for State for the purposes of extension of JC beyond 90 days and for seeking further extension of time for investigation beyond period of 90 days. JC is extended till 01.03.2017. Put up with main file for arguments on this application on 01.03.2017. Copy of Order be given dasti.” st 5. On   1   March,   2017,   the   appellant   filed   his   reply   to oppose   the   application   filed   by   the  Additional   Public Prosecutor seeking extension of limitation period for filing of th charge­sheet against  the  appellant,  upto 15   March, 2017. Besides,   the   appellant   was   produced   before   the   District   & Sessions Judge and as the Presiding Officer of the Special 6 Court was on leave, the District & Sessions Judge passed the following order:  “01.03.2017 File is put up before me Shri Rakesh Pandit, Ld. Spl. Judge, NIA/POCSO/MCOCA, ASJ­01, PHC, New Delhi is on leave today on account of un­wellness. Present :  Shri Devender Kumar, Ld. Chief PP for the State along   with   Shri   Ravindra   Kumar,   Ld.   Addl.   PP   and   ACP Hridaya Bhushan Accused produced from JC. Shri   Mehmood   Pracha   and   Shri   R.H.A.   Sikander,   Ld. Counsels for the accused Rambeer Shokeen. Reply has been filed on behalf of accused Rambeer Shokeen   to   the   application   moved   on   behalf   of   the   State seeking extension of time for filing the charge sheet. Copy supplied. An application has been moved on behalf of State seeking extension of JC of the accused above named. As Ld. Presiding Officer is on leave. Judicial custody of the accused Rambeer Shokeen is extended till 07.03.2017. Merits of the application dated 28.02.2017 shall be decided by the concerned court. Ld. Chief PP for the State submits that he has not been supplied with the copy of the application moved on behalf of the   accused   Rambeer   Shokeen   under   Section   167(2)   of Cr.P.C. seeking grant of statutory bail. Ld. Counsel for the accused is directed to supply the copy of the same during the course of the day against proper receipt. Put up on 07.03.2017 for further proceedings.” 7 nd On   the   next   day   i.e.   2   March,   2017,   the   appellant 6. moved another application for grant of statutory bail under Section 167(2) of Cr.P.C. read with Section 21(2)(b) of MCOCA.   th 7. On 4   March, 2017, the ACP/Special Cell/NDR, Lodhi Colony, New Delhi, moved an application before the Special Court for permission to interrogate the appellant in Central Jail No.3, Tihar, Delhi. The said application reads thus:  “  ANNEXURE P­8 IN THE COURT OF SHRI RAKESH PANDIT, LD. ASJ, MCOCA# 25, PATIALA HOUSE COURTS, NEW DELHI. FIR No.10/2015 dated 23.02.2015 U/s 3/4  MCOC Act PS Special Cell, Lodhi Colony, Delhi.
Sl.<br>No.Name, Parentage &<br>address
Date of arrest 01 RAMBEER SHOKEEN aged – 37 years, S/0 Shri Naval Singh   r/o   H.No.151, Extension­IV,   Nangloi, Delhi­41   &   permanent address – H.No.70, village Kamruddin   Nagar,   P.S. Nihal Vihar, Delhi. 01.12.2016 Subject :  Regarding permission for interrogation in Central Jail, Tihar, Delhi.  Hon’ble Sir, 8 It is submitted that the present case is pending investigation against accused Rambeer Shokeen and other syndicate members for running an organized crime syndicate in Delhi & other states by committing a series of sensational crimes including gruesome and inimical murder, extortion by putting by some businessmen in fear with criminal intimidation, obstruction of Govt. servants to deter them from discharge of official duties and offences under the arms act etc. On 01.12.2016, accused Rambeer Shokeen was arrested in this case. During investigation it is revealed that in November 2013, he had filed an affidavit before Election Commission to contest Delhi Legislative   Assembly   Election.   In   this   affidavit,   he   has   shown immoveable   and   moveable   assets   of   himself   &   his   wife   worth Rs.1.85 crores (approx.). As per report dated 10.02.2017 of Income Tax Department, neither he nor his wife Mrs. Reeta Shokeen has filed income tax returns during year 2006­2016. In   view   of   above,   it   is   humbly   requested   that   the   necessary permission   to   interrogate   accused   Rambeer   Shokeen   may   be granted in Central Jail No.3, Tihar, Delhi. The accused Rambeer Shokeen is running in judicial custody till 07.03.2017. Submitted please,  Sd./­ (HRIDAYA BHUSHAN) ACP/Special Cell/NDR Lodhi Colony, New Delhi Dated: 04.03.2017” th The Special Judge considered the said application on 4 March,   2017   and   allowed   the   prayer   for   permission   to th interrogate the appellant in judicial custody before 7  March, 2017. The order passed by the Special Court reads thus: “04.03.2017 9 File is put up before me as Shri Rakesh Pandit, Ld. Spl. Judge,   NIA/POCSO/MCOCA,   ASJ­01,   PHC   has   gone   to Odisha for National Seminar, Judicial Academy, Cuttack. Present :  Shri Ravindra Kumar Ld. Addl. PP for the State ACP Hridaya Bhushan along with Inspector Ravinder Kumar Tyagi. Accused Pankaj Sehrawat, Neeraj Sehrawat, Naveen Dabas and Rahul Dabas produced from JC. An application has been moved on behalf of Special Cell seeking   permission   to   interrogate   the   accused   Rambeer Shokeen in Central Jail No.3, Tihar Delhi submitting that the accused   Rambeer   Shokeen   was   arrested   in   this   case   on 01.12.2016 and he is running in JC which is extended till 07.03.2017.   During   investigation   it   is   revealed   that   in November,   2013,   he   has   filed   an   affidavit   before   Election Commission   to   contest   Delhi   Legislative   Assembly   Election and in the said affidavit, he has shown his immovable and moveable assets as well as of his wife which is worth Rs.1.85 crores   (approx.).   It   is   stated   that   as   per   the   report   dated 10.02.2017 of Income Tax Department, neither he nor his wife Smt. Reeta Shokeen has filed income tax return during the year 2006­2016. Heard. Keeping in view the fact and circumstances, the application   stands   allowed   by   permitting   Special   Cell   to interrogate the accused Rambeer Shokeen in judicial custody before 07.03.2017. Application stands disposed of accordingly. Copy of this Order   be   sent   to   Superintendent,   Tihar   Jail,   Delhi   for compliance. Copy of this Order be also given to the Special Cell, as prayed for. Put up on 18.03.2017 for further proceedings.” 10 th On 7  March, 2017, the application for extension of time 8. th for   filing   charge­sheet   dated   28   February,   2017   and   the application filed by the appellant for grant of statutory bail nd dated 2   March, 2017, were taken up by the Special Court. The   Court   after   considering   the   arguments   of   the   parties passed the following order: “07.03.2017 Present:   Shri Ravindra Kumar Ld. APP for State. Shri Mehmood Pracha and Sh. R.H.A. Sikander counsel for accused. Accused Rambeer Shokeen from JC. IO ACP Hirdey Bhushan in person. Arguments heard on application for extension of time for investigation dated 28.02.2017 and on application u/sec.167 (2) Cr.P.C. dated 02.03.2017 (moved at 10.00 a.m.) Put up for order on these applications on 08.03.2017. JC is extended till 08.03.2017. Copy of order be given dasti.” 9. As   directed,   the   matter   was   taken   up   by   the   Special th Court   on   8   March,   2017   when   the   prosecution   filed supplementary charge­sheet against the appellant. The Court passed the following order:  “08.03.2017 Present:   Shri Ravindra Kumar Ld. APP for State. 11 Shri Mehmood Pracha and Sh. R.H.A. Sikander and Prateek Gupta counsel for accused Rambeer Shokeen. IO ACP Hirdey Bhushan in person. Accused Rambeer Shokeen from JC. Supplementary   charge   sheet   filed   with   respect   to   Accused Rambeer Shokeen. Charge   sheet   perused   I   take   cognizance   of   the   offences involved. Copies of documents supplied with respect to the charge sheet against Rambeer Shokeen. Time sought by IO to supply copy of earlier charge sheet against other accused persons. Same be supplied within 7 working days. Put up for scrutiny of documents on 18.03.2017. Considering the fact that  supplementary charge  sheet  has already been filed against accused Rambeer Shokeen, so the application   regarding   extension   of   time   dated   28.02.2017 become infructuous and thus dismissed as infructuous. Put   up   for   arguments/order   on   application   u/sec.   167   (2) Cr.P.C. on 09.03.2017.” th 10. Again, the matter was taken up on 9  March, 2017 when the   hearing   on   statutory   bail   application   remained inconclusive. The Court passed the following order:  “09.03.2017 Present:   Shri Ravindra Kumar Ld. APP for State. Shri Mehmood Pracha and Prateek Gupta counsel for accused Rambeer Shokeen. Part arguments on application u/sec.167 (2) Cr.P.C. Heard. Put   up   for   further   arguments   on   this   application   on 14.03.2017.” 12 th 11. Finally, on 14   March, 2017 the Special Court rejected nd the statutory bail application dated 2   March, 2017 filed by the appellant. The relevant extract of the observations/reasons recorded by the Special Court reads:  “xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx So,   in   these   circumstances,   the   application   dated 28.02.2017 i.e. seeking extension of period to file charge sheet/investigation was not decided on merits (as sought vide order dated 01.03.2017). Moreover, on 08.03.2017, cannot   be   decided   on   merits   as   the   charge­sheet   was already filed before order on this application. So, in these circumstances, the issue before the court in this   application   is   that   whether   vide   order   dated 01.03.2017, the said court of Ld. District & Session Judge, NDD was within its power to extend the judicial custody of the  accused or not and  for that  purpose whether there should   be   a   specific   order   of   extension   of   period   of investigation. As far as this issue is concerned, the law says that it is the prerogative   of   the   investigating   agency   to   file   charge sheet/complete   investigation,   as   per   their   wishes.   The Court   cannot   interfere   in   the   period/duration   of investigation. However, in Sec.21(2)(b) MCOCA, the rider is that in case if the investigation is not completed within 90 days   and   the   prosecution/IO   wanted   that   the   accused shall remain in judicial custody, then only he has to move in terms of Sec.21(2)(b) of MCOCA. In this case, the prosecution had moved such application on 28.02.2017 (analogous to the movement of application u/sec.167(2) Cr.P.C. by accused, before charge­sheet). The 13 order   could   not   be   passed   as   the   court   under   Sec.5(5) MCOCA had stated that the same is to be heard by the concerned court. So, there was no lapse on the part of IO. He had already moved the application on time. As far as the JC is concerned, the same has been extended by the concerned court after the application u/sec.28(2)(b) MCOCA is already moved by the IO. So, in these circumstances, the court had acted in legal way in extending the period of judicial custody since the application for seeking extension of time was already pending before the court. So, in these circumstances, no ground exists which suggest that   there   was   illegal   custody   of   accused   beyond   the period of 90 days from the day of his first judicial remand and   he   is   entitled   for   statutory   bail   u/sec.21(2)(b)   of MCOCA. So, the application u/sec. 167(2) Cr.P.C. alternatively read as application u/sec.21(2)(b) of MCOCA is dismissed. Copy of order be given dasti. Put   up   for   purpose   fixed   on   date   already   fixed   i.e. 18.03.2017.”           Aggrieved,   the   appellant   filed  Criminal   Appeal 12. No.311/2017 before the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi and st th challenged the legality of orders dated 1   March, 2017, 4 th th March, 2017, 7  March, 2017 and 14  March, 2017. Besides, the appellant moved an application for grant of interim bail. By   the   impugned   judgment,   the   High   Court   has   rejected 14 Criminal   Appeal   No.311/2017   and   Criminal   M.   (Bail) nd No.525/2017 on 22  May, 2017.  13. The principal argument of the appellant before the High Court as noted in paragraph 20 of the impugned judgment is that the report/application submitted by the Additional Public th Prosecutor for extension of time to file charge­sheet till 15 March, 2017, was not in conformity with the requirement of proviso   to   Section   167(2)   of   Cr.P.C.     The   appellant   placed reliance on the decision of this Court in   Hitendra Vishnu 1 ,     to   buttress   his Thakur   v.   State   of   Maharashtra submission.   After   adverting   to   the   legal   position expounded in the said decision, the High Court in paragraph 24 considered the factual matrix relevant for answering the issue. The contention specifically raised by the appellant has been dealt with from paragraph 25 of the impugned judgment and noted thus: “25.   The   request   submitted   by   the   public   prosecutor   on 28.2.2017 seeking extension of the period for filing charge­ 1 (1994) 4 SCC 602 15 sheet against him in this case till 15.3.2017, briefly referred to   the   report   of   the   investigating   officer   that   had   been submitted  before  him (the  public prosecutor) and  upon its perusal the brief background facts were mentioned indicating certain steps that had been taken to collect evidence with regard to the income and assets of the appellant. The public prosecutor informed the special court by the said request in writing that investigation of the case was to be conducted, inter alia, by his  further interrogation’ as to the source of money for acquiring the assets worth Rs. 1.85 crores as had been declared to be held by him and his wife to the Election Commission at the time of contesting the election to Delhi Legislative Assembly in 2013, income­tax returns not having been filed by him or his wife during 2006­2016.  26.   Pertinent   to   mention   here   that   the   request   for interrogation   of   the   appellant   in   custody   made   by   the investigating officer on 4.3.2017, granted on the same date by   the   District   and   Sessions   Judge,   was   for   the   same reasons and on the same grounds as were set out by the public prosecutor in his request submitted on 28.2.2017.  27.   It   is   true   that   the   request   of   the   public   prosecutor submitted on 28.2.2017 is not captioned as ‘report’ nor does it specifically refer to the provision contained in the second proviso   to   Section   167   (2)   Cr.P.C.   But,   this   cannot   be construed as a deficiency. It has to be borne in mind that it is not a matter of form but one of substance. The request in writing dated 28.2.2017 of the additional public prosecutor satisfies the twin criteria of the second proviso to Section 167 (2)   Cr.P.C.   It   indicates   that   the   public   prosecutor   had subjected the investigating officer’s report as made to him to scrutiny   and   also   informed   the   court   the   progress   of   the investigation and setting out the reasons why the continued detention   of   the   appellant   in   custody   was   necessary. Therefore, it has to be accepted as a ‘report’ of the public 16 prosecutor satisfying the requirements of second proviso to Section   167   (2)   Cr.P.C.   Whether   or   not,   in   the   facts   and circumstances of the case, as prevailing on the date such report was submitted to the special court will have to be considered separately.  28. As noted above, the appellant had moved an application under Section 167(2) Cr.P.C. for release on bail by default under   Section   167(2)   Cr.P.C.   on   28.2.2017.   It   is   fairly conceded by the learned counsel for the appellant that such application moved on 28.2.2017 was premature as ninety days would expire only on 1.3.2017.  29. On 28.2.2017, besides the application of the investigating officer   seeking   extension   of   the   custody   period   of   the appellant, the report of the public prosecutor for extension of the  period  of  investigation  had   come   be   submitted  to  the special court. Without doubt, the report could be considered before expiry of the period of ninety days or on the last day of such period ordinarily available which would be 1.3.2017. The special court, within its judicial discretion, decided to postpone the consideration to the following date i.e. 1.3.2017. It is reflected in the order passed on 1.3.2017 by the District and Sessions Judge, as extracted earlier, that the additional sessions   judge   presiding   over   the   special   court   was indisposed and, therefore, on leave of absence on 1.3.2017. The District and Sessions Judge, before whom the file was placed for consideration of the report of the public prosecutor and the application of the investigating officer, decided to defer the   former to  7.3.2017  for  it   to   be  ‘decided  by  the concerned court’ while extending the judicial custody for such period. Questions have been raised as to the competence of the District and Sessions Judge to deal with this case under MCOCA on the plea that the judicial officer presiding over the court of District and Sessions Judge was not designated as a special court in terms of Section 5 MCOCA.”  17 14. While   dealing   with   the   argument   regarding   the competence of the District & Sessions Judge, the High Court th referred to the Notification dated 15   September, 2010 and opined that it was regarding conferral of powers of Presiding Officer   of   the   Special   Court   under   MCOCA   ascribable   to Section 5 of the special enactment. Further, the Lieutenant Governor of National Capital Territory of Delhi was pleased to confer on each member of the Delhi Higher Judicial Service, inter alia, the powers of Presiding Officer of the Special Court under MCOCA as extended to NCT of Delhi, with conferral of powers   to   be   exercised   “with   effect   from   the   date   of assumption   of   the   charge”   of   such   post   in   pursuance   of “transfer or posting orders by the Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court”. The High Court then considered the grounds urged by 15. the appellant and after adverting to Section 5 of MCOCA and Section   15   of   the   General   Clauses   Act   and   the   reported precedents pressed into service by both the sides, answered 18 the  issue against the  appellant.  The High Court concluded th that the validity of Notification dated 15   September, 2010, issued by the Lieutenant Governor of NCT of Delhi, inter alia, conferring powers to be exercised by the members of Delhi Higher   Judicial   Service,   in   terms   of   MCOCA,   such empowerment being “ex­officio”, cannot be questioned.   As   regards   the   merits   of   the   application   for   grant   of 16. statutory bail, the High Court adverted to the decisions relied upon by the parties. In paragraph 69 the Court then observed: “69.   As   has   been   held   above,   the   District   and   Sessions Judge, while dealing with the matter arising out of, inter alia, the report of the public prosecutor on 01.03.2017, and the additional   sessions   judge  presiding   over  the  special  court also   dealing,   amongst   others,  with  the  said   report  of   the public prosecutor on 07.03.2017 and 08.03.2017, failed to discharge   the   judicial   responsibility   properly.   The consideration of the report of the public prosecutor, submitted (on 28.02.2017) well in time before expiry of the period of ninety days ordinary available, was deferred unnecessarily on 01.03.2017 and beyond till it was treated, wrongly so, asinfructuous  on 08.03.2017. It is against this backdrop that the appellant argues that there being no order in terms of second proviso to Section 167(2) Cr.P.C. enlarging the period of investigation, a right to bail by default has accrued in his favour which cannot be defeated by submission of the charge 19 sheet on 07.03.2017. The crucial question, however, is as to whether such benefit can be extended to the appellant in a fact­situation where the investigating police officer, and the public prosecutor, had done their part of the duty under the law, well within time, and the default in consideration of, and decision on, the report of the public prosecutor was wholly for the reasons (or, shall we say, fault) attributable to the District & Sessions Judge and the special court.”  17. Again in paragraphs 74 to 77, the Court observed thus:  “74. It is clear that the report submitted on 28.02.2017 by the public prosecutor in terms of second proviso to Section 167(2) Cr.   PC   seeking   enlargement   of   time   for   completion   of investigation did not receive due consideration of the court. If the   grounds   on   which   the   public   prosecutor   was recommending extension of time were sufficient, there would be no justification for its denial and, resultantly absolutely no justification for the appellant to be released on bail by default. If, on the other hand, the request was unfounded, it should have   been   rejected   and   an   appropriate   order   extending release on bail by default should have been passed.  75. Since the report did not receive due consideration and was improperly   treated   as   ‘infructuous’,   there   are   two   options available before this court : one, to remit the matter back to the special court for a proper decision on the report or, two, to consider the report and pass appropriate order thereupon. The former   course   would   only   entail   further   delay.   In   a   case involving   questions   of   personal   liberty,   such   course   is   not desirable. In this view, the learned counsel on both sides were also heard on the merits of the report of the public prosecutor, 20 bearing in mind that this court is duty bound to secure the ends of justice and to prevent abuse of the process of court.  76.   The   background   facts   and   circumstances   of   the   case against the appellant have already been noted. Certain assets of the appellant and members of his immediate family had come to light for which,  prima facie, there was no account, particularly in view of the declaration made on the subject in 2013,   when   he   was   a   candidate   in   the   election   to   Delhi Legislative Assembly. Noticeably, the investigating officer was seeking opportunity to interrogate the appellant against these facts to seek his explanation, if any. Under the provisions of the special enactment (MCOCA), the investigating police officer is entitled to interrogate the accused in judicial custody. As mentioned earlier, a formal request to this effect made by the investigating officer was allowed by order dated 04.03.2017. The report submitted on 28.02.2017 by the public prosecutor, thus, is found to pass the necessary muster of the second proviso to Section 167(2) as inserted in the Code of Criminal Procedure   by   Section   21(2)   of   MCOCA.   The   fact   that   the charge­sheet was filed on 08.03.2017, only re­assures that the   request   for   enlargement   of   time   for   completion   of investigation   made   on   28.02.2017   was   not   with   ulterior motive.  77. In above view, in the considered view of this court, the request made by the public prosecutor should not only have received due consideration of the special court on 28.02.2017, or   the   District   &   Sessions   Judge   on   01.03.2017,   but   also deserved to be allowed. The trashing of the said report as “infructuous”, by order dated 08.03.2017, was thus not only incorrect but improper. In these circumstances, in exercise of the jurisdiction vested in this court to satisfy itself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of the order passed or as to the   regularity   of   proceedings   of   the   inferior   criminal   court (under Section 397 Cr. PC), as indeed invoking the ‘inherent 21 powers’ of this court to secure the ends of justice and prevent abuse of the judicial process (under Section 482 Cr. PC), the order dated 08.03.2017 disposing of the report of the public prosecutor under second proviso to Section 167(2) Cr. PC is set aside and, instead the said report is accepted and the period for completion of investigation of the case at hand against the appellant is extended till 08.03.2017 when the report under Section 173 Cr. PC (supplementary charge­sheet) against him was actually filed. In this view, the prayer of the appellant for release on bail by default under Section 167(2) is rendered impermissible and is accordingly declined.” 18. Being aggrieved, the appellant has approached this Court by way of these appeals. In the course of hearing, the only argument   canvassed   by   the   counsel   for   the   appellant   was about the entitlement of the appellant for grant of statutory bail as, admittedly, the Special Court did not pass any specific order on the report/application for extension of time for filing of   charge­sheet   against   the   appellant   preferred   by   the Additional  Public  Prosecutor.  In  absence  of  such  an order, contends the appellant, the appellant acquired an indefeasible right. Thus, he ought to have been granted statutory bail as nd prayed vide application dated 2  March, 2017, under Section 167(2) of Cr.P.C. read with Section 21(2)(b) of MCOCA.  As the 22 statutory period of 90 days had already expired and there was no extension of time granted to the prosecution by the Special Court   to   file   the   charge­sheet,   filing   of   the   charge­sheet th against the appellant on 8  March, 2017 could not denude the appellant   of   statutory   bail.   In   support   of   his   submission, reliance is placed on the decisions in the case of   Union of 2 India v. Nirala Yadav ,   Uday Mohanlal Acharya v. State 3 4 ,  and    . of Maharashtra Sanjay Dutt v. State through CBI No other argument has been canvassed by the learned counsel for the appellant in these appeals.  19. The respondent on the other hand  would support the reasons recorded by the Special Court and by the High Court to   oppose   these   appeals.   According   to   the   respondent,   the Special Court and the High Court have not committed any error in rejecting the prayer for grant of statutory bail, in view of indisputable facts of the present case. The appellant was well   advised   not   to   pursue   his   application   for   grant   of 2 (2014) 9 SCC 457 3 (2001) 5 SCC 453 4 (1994) 5 SCC 410 23 th statutory bail application dated 28   February, 2017. For, by that   date,   90   days   period   for   filing   charge­sheet   had   not expired. Resultantly, the question of entertaining prayer for grant of statutory bail did not arise. As regards the statutory nd bail application filed on 2   March, 2017, the same was also misconceived as the Additional Public Prosecutor had already th filed report/application for extension of time on 28  February, 2017 itself and the Court had extended the judicial custody of st the appellant pursuant to the said application until 1  March, st 2017.   Again   on   1   March,   2017,   the   hearing   on report/application   for   extension   of   time   preferred   by   the Additional Public Prosecutor was deferred and judicial custody th was finally extended until 8   March, 2017. Further, merely because     no   express   order   was   passed   on   the   said nd report/application of the Additional Public Prosecutor on 2 th March, 2017 or for that matter, till 8  March, 2017 when the charge­sheet was filed against the appellant,  ipso facto  did not create   any   right   in   favour   of   the   appellant.   For,   judicial 24 custody   of   the   appellant   was   consciously   extended   by   the th competent Court from time to time (from 28  February, 2017 till the filing of charge­sheet). In any case, the Special Court, in law, was obliged to first decide the said report/application for   extension   of   time   preferred   by   the   Additional   Public Prosecutor, and only if the same was to be rejected before filing of the charge­sheet or expiry of the period of judicial custody of the appellant, could the appellant claim that an indefeasible right had accrued in his favour. In other words, application   for   grant   of   statutory   bail   preferred   by   the nd appellant on 2  March, 2017  was also premature and in any case, the same could not have been taken up for consideration until the report/application for extension of time to file charge­ th sheet submitted by the Additional Public Prosecutor dated 28 February,   2017,   was   finally   decided.   In   support   of   this submission,   reliance   has   been   placed   on   the   dictum   in paragraph 48 of  the decision  of the  Constitution  Bench in Sanjay Dutt’s case (supra).  It is contended that the decisions 25 in Uday Mohanlal Acharya (supra), Nirala Yadav (supra) and Sanjay   Dutt   will   be   of   no   avail   to   the   appellant   as   the exposition in those cases was in light of the facts of those cases. It is contended that the High Court justly considered the merits of the report of the Additional Public Prosecutor th dated   28   February,   2017   for   extension   of   time,  and   after analysing   the   relevant   aspects,   concluded   that   the   request made by the Additional Public Prosecutor was genuine and appropriate.   The   High   Court,   after   hearing   both   sides, concluded   that   the   time   to   file   charge­sheet   against   the th appellant stood extended till 8  March, 2017 when the same was,  in fact,  filed.  Resultantly,  the  application  for  grant of nd statutory bail filed by the appellant albeit on 2  March, 2017, was  bound  to  be  dismissed. According to the  respondents, these appeals are devoid of merit and ought to be dismissed.  20. We have heard Mr. Mehmood Pracha, learned counsel appearing   for   the   appellant   and   Ms.   Pinky   Anand,   learned Additional   Solicitor   General   assisted   by   Mr.   Aman   Sinha, 26 learned senior counsel and Mr. B.V. Balaram Das, learned counsel for the respondent.  21. After having analysed the facts and events as unfolded th th from   28   February,   2017   until   8   March,   2017,   it   is th indisputable   that   on   28   February,   2017,   the   Additional Public Prosecutor had filed report for extension of time to file th charge­sheet against the appellant until 15  March, 2017. The same was filed within time, before the expiry of 90 days from the date of initial arrest of the appellant in connection with the subject   FIR.   Realising   this   position,   the   appellant   did   not th pursue   his   first   application   for   statutory   bail   dated   28 February,   2017.   Instead,   he   was   advised   to   file   a   fresh nd statutory bail application on 2  March, 2017. Admittedly, on nd 2  March, 2017 the report submitted by the Additional Public th Prosecutor   dated   28   February,   2017   was   still   undecided. Therefore,   no   right   can   be   said   to   have   accrued   to   the appellant for grant of bail on the ground of default.   In law, only upon rejection of the prayer for extension of time sought 27 by   the   Additional   Public   Prosecutor,   right   in   favour   of   the appellant for grant of statutory bail could have ignited. The mere fact that 90 days period from the date of initial arrest of the appellant in connection with the subject FIR had lapsed on nd 2   March,   2017,   could   not   ineluctably   entail   in   grant   of statutory bail to the appellant. Moreso, when no decision was taken by the Court on the report/application submitted by the th Additional Public Prosecutor until 8  March, 2017, on which date   the   supplementary   charge­sheet   against   the   appellant was   filed   in   Court.   Considering   the   effect   of   filing   of   the supplementary   charge­sheet   against   the   appellant,   coupled with the fact that his judicial custody was extended by the Court   of   competent   jurisdiction   until   the   pendency   of consideration of the report/application for extension of time to file the charge­sheet, in law, it is unfathomable as to how the   appellant  could  claim  to  have  any  accrued  right to  be released on bail on the ground of default or for that matter, such a right having become indefeasible.   28 The   legal   position   has   been   expounded   by   the 22. Constitution   Bench   of   the   Supreme   Court   in   the   case   of Sanjay Dutt   (supra), in particular, in paragraph 48 as under:   
48.We have no doubt that the common stance before us of
the nature of indefeasible right of the accused to be released
on bail by virtue of Section 20(4)(bb) is based on a correct
reading of the principle indicated in that decision.The
indefeasible right accruing to the accused in such a
situation is enforceable only prior to the filing of the
challan and it does not survive or remain enforceable
on the challan being filed, if already not availed of.
Once the challan has been filed, the question of grant
of bail has to be considered and decided only with
reference to the merits of the case under the provisions
relating to grant of bail to an accused after the filing of
the challan.The custody of the accused after the challan
has been filed is not governed by Section 167 but different
provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure. If that right had
accrued to the accused but it remained unenforced till the
filing of the challan, then there is no question of its
enforcement thereafter since it is extinguished the moment
challan is filed because Section 167 CrPC ceases to apply.
The Division Bench also indicated that if there be such
an application of the accused for release on bail and
also a prayer for extension of time to complete the
investigation according to the proviso in Section 20(4)
(bb), both of them should be considered together. It is
obvious that no bail can be given even in such a case
unless the prayer for extension of the period is rejected.
In short, the grant of bail in such a situation is also
subject to refusal of the prayer for extension of time, if
29
such a prayer is made.If the accused applies for bail under
this provision on expiry of the period of 180 days or the
extended period, as the case may be, then he has to be
released on bail forthwith. The accused, so released on bail
may be arrested and committed to custody according to the
provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure.It is settled by
Constitution Bench decisions that a petition seeking
the writ ofhabeas corpuson the ground of absence of a
valid order of remand or detention of the accused, has
to be dismissed, if on the date of return of the rule, the
custody or detention is on the basis of a valid order.
(SeeNaranjan Singh Nathawanv.State of Punjab[1952 SCR
395 : AIR 1952 SC 106 : 1952 Cri LJ 656] ;Ram Narayan
Singhv.State of Delhi[1953 SCR 652 : AIR 1953 SC 277 :
1953 Cri LJ 1113] andA.K. Gopalanv.Government of
India[(1966) 2 SCR 427 : AIR 1966 SC 816 : 1966 Cri LJ
602].)
(emphasis supplied)
Further, the conclusion articulated in paragraph 53, makes it clear that the decision in   Hitendra Vishnu Thakur   (supra) must be understood accordingly. It observed thus:  “53. As a result of the above discussion, our answers to the three questions of law referred for our decision are as under: (1)   xxx xxx xxx xxx (2)(a) Section   20(4)   (bb)   of   the   TADA   Act   only   requires production of the accused before the court in accordance with Section 167(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure and this is how the requirement of notice to the accused before granting extension   beyond   the   prescribed   period   of   180   days   in accordance   with  the  further   proviso   to  clause   (bb)  of   sub­ 30 section (4) of Section 20 of the TADA Act has to be understood in the judgment of the Division Bench of this Court in Hitendra Vishnu Thakur. The requirement of such notice to the accused before granting the extension for completing the investigation is not a written notice to the accused giving reasons therein. Production of the accused at that time in the court informing him that the question of extension of the period for completing investigation is being considered, is alone sufficient for the purpose.   (2)(b) The ‘indefeasible right’ of the accused to be released on bail in accordance with Section 20(4)(bb) of the TADA Act read with   Section   167(2)   of   the   Code   of   Criminal   Procedure   in default   of   completion  of  the  investigation  and   filing   of   the challan within the time allowed, as held in Hitendra Vishnu Thakur is a right which enures to, and is enforceable by the accused only from the  time of default  till  the filing of the challan and it does not survive or remain enforceable on the challan being filed. If the accused applies for bail under this provision on expiry of the period of 180 days or the extended period, as the case may be, then he has to be released on bail forthwith. The accused, so released on bail may be arrested and committed to custody according to the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The right of the accused to be released on bail after filing of the challan, notwithstanding the default in filing it within the time allowed, is governed from the time of filing of the challan only by the provisions relating to the grant of bail applicable at that stage.”    The   aforementioned   opinion   has   been   expressed   by   the Constitution Bench in the context of question No.2 formulated in paragraph 2 of the judgment as under:  2 .   The   questions   of   law   indicated   in   the   said   order   of reference, to be decided by us, are three, namely: 31 (1)   xxx xxx xxx xxx (2) The proper construction of clause (bb) of sub­section (4) of Section 20 of the TADA Act indicating the nature of right of  an accused to be released on bail thereunder, on the default to complete investigation within the time allowed therein;  (3)  xxx xxx xxx xxx” 23. It is thus clear that no right had accrued to the appellant before filing of the charge­sheet; at best, it was an inchoate th right   until   8   March,   2017.   Resultantly,   the   question   of granting statutory bail after filing of charge­sheet against the appellant   and   moreso   during   the   pendency   of report/application for extension of time to file charge­sheet was impermissible. In other words, the application for grant of nd statutory bail filed by the appellant on 2  March, 2017, even if pending, could have been taken forward only if the prayer for extension of period was to be formally and expressly rejected by the Court.  As   held   by  the  Constitution   Bench   of   this   Court,  the 24. consideration of application for grant of statutory bail in a situation, as in the present case, was dependent on rejection 32 of prayer of the Additional Public Prosecutor for extension of time.  When such prayer is made, it is the duty of the Court to consider   the   report/application   for   extension   of   period   for filing of the charge­sheet in the first instance; only if it was to be rejected could the prayer for grant of statutory bail be taken forward.  In no case, the hearing on statutory bail application precede the consideration of prayer for extension of the period for filing of the charge­sheet made by the Additional Public Prosecutor.   25. The Constitution Bench decision in  Sanjay Dutt’s   case (supra) also answers the next issue raised by the appellant about the absence of a valid remand/detention. In that, in the concluding part of the afore­quoted paragraph 48, the Court has opined that a petition seeking a writ of habeas corpus on the ground of absence of a valid order of remand or detention has to be dismissed if, on the date of return of the rule, the custody   or   detention   is   on   the   basis   of   a   valid   order. Admittedly, in the present case, the judicial custody of the 33 appellant was extended by the Court of competent jurisdiction from time to time pending consideration of request to extend th time to file charge­sheet, initially from 28  February, 2017, till st st 1  March 2017 and so continued from 1  March, 2017, until th th th 7   March,   2017,   and   again   from   7   March,   2017,   till   8 March,   2017   ­   on   which   date   the   charge­sheet   was   filed against the appellant in the Court. The order passed by the th Special Court on 8  March, 2017, has been so construed by the High Court and additionally by explicitly extending the period for filing of the charge­sheet against the appellant until th 8   March, 2017.     We find no error in that approach of the High Court. No interference is warranted in that regard. The   appellant,   however,   relies   on   the   observations   in 26. Uday Mohanlal Acharya   (supra) rendered by a three­Judge Bench of this Court. In the said case, the accused had himself surrendered in Court and was remanded to judicial custody. The period for filing of charge­sheet (60 days in that case) th expired   on   16   August,   2000.   The   accused   moved   an 34 th application on 17  August, 2000, for grant of statutory bail on the   ground   of   default   in   filing   of   charge­sheet   within   the statutory period of 60 days.  That bail application was rejected by the Magistrate on the same day, holding that the provisions of Section 167(2) of Cr.P.C. had no application to the cases pertaining   to   the   special   enactment   i.e.   Maharashtra Protection   of   Interest   of   Depositors   (in   Financial Establishments) Act, 1999. The accused then approached the High Court. When the matter was pending before the High th Court, charge­sheet was filed before the Trial Judge on 30 August, 2000. The High Court refused to grant relief on the ground that by the time the High Court could consider the correctness   of   the   order   on   the   statutory   bail   application passed   by   the   competent   Court,   a   charge­sheet   was   filed against the accused before the Magistrate and, therefore, the so   called   enforceable   right   did   not   survive   or   remained enforceable.     In   this   backdrop,   this   Court   considered   the matter and answered the issue in favour of the accused on the 35 finding that before the charge­sheet was filed, the accused had invoked the remedy of statutory bail. Thus, the factum of filing of charge­sheet subsequently cannot defeat the right accrued to him. In the present case, before the appellant instituted the nd subject application for grant of statutory bail on 2   March, 2017, the Additional Public Prosecutor had already filed his report/application for extending the period for filing of charge­ th sheet   against   the   appellant   until   15   March,   2017,   but decision thereon was deferred.   As held by the Constitution Bench   in   the   case   of   Sanjay   Dutt   (supra),   unless   the report/application filed by the Additional Public Prosecutor for extension of time was rejected, no right would accrue in favour of the accused much less to consider his application for grant of statutory bail. Further, in such cases it is the duty of the concerned Court to first deal with the prayer for extension of period   to   file   charge­sheet   made   by   the   Additional   Public Prosecutor. The High Court, in the impugned judgement, thus answered   the   issue   against   the   appellant   and   additionally 36 considered the justness of the prayer made by the Additional Public   Prosecutor   for   extension   of   period   for   filing   charge­ sheet. It recorded an express finding that the said request was genuine and appropriate and thus extended the time for that th purpose till 8  March, 2017.    Reverting to the decision in the case of   27. Nirala Yadav (supra)  rendered  by  two­Judge   Bench,   the   accused  in  that th case   was   arrested   and   sent   to   judicial   custody   on   5 December, 2006. After   lapse   of the statutory period of 90 th days on 14   March, 2007, the accused filed application for grant   of   statutory   bail   on   the   ground   of   default.   The th prosecution (CBI), however, on 15   March, 2007, moved an application for extension of time for a period of 30 days.  Since the application for grant of statutory bail filed by the accused preceded the filing of application for extension of time, the issue was answered in favour of the accused. In the present case,   however,   the   prayer   for   extension   of   period   for   filing charge­sheet was moved by the Additional Public Prosecutor 37 before the statutory period had lapsed, but the same remained th pending until 8  March, 2017, when charge­sheet was filed in Court.   Until   the   said   request   was   formally   and   expressly rejected by the competent Court, in view of the exposition in the case of     (supra), the concerned Court could Sanjay Dutt not have assumed jurisdiction to consider the prayer for grant of statutory bail of the appellant.   The request made by the Additional   Public   Prosecutor   was   formally   disposed   of   as th infructuous on 8  March, 2017, after filing of the charge­sheet against the appellant. That was not an order of rejection of the request of the Additional Public Prosecutor as such. The High Court has examined this aspect and, in our opinion, rightly answered   the   issue   against   the   appellant   for   the   reasons recorded in paragraphs 75 to 77 of the impugned judgment, including by explicitly extending the time to file charge­sheet th till 8  March, 2017.We affirm the said view of the High Court. Therefore, even this decision relied upon by the appellant will be of no avail in the fact situation of the present case.   38 Taking overall view of the matter, therefore, it is noticed 28. that the Additional Public Prosecutor had submitted his report th to the concerned Court for extending time until 15   March, 2017, to file the charge­sheet. That report was submitted on th 28   February,   2017,   before   expiry   of   the   initial   statutory period of 90 days for filing of the charge­sheet against the appellant. That request was disposed of by the Special Court th on   8   March,   2017   as   infructuous,   after   the   charge­sheet th against the appellant was submitted in Court. Until 8  March, 2017,   the   appellant   was   sent   to   judicial   custody   by   the competent   Court   pending   consideration   of   request   of   the Additional Public Prosecutor for extension of time to file the charge­sheet. The Court, in law, could not have considered the th prayer for grant  of statutory  bail of  the appellant until 8 March, 2017, on which date the charge­sheet was already filed against the  appellant in the  concerned Court. Further, the High Court considered the circumstances in which the order th came to be passed by the Special Court on 8  March, 2017. In 39 our opinion, it rightly held that the said request could not have been closed as having become infructuous.   Rather, it was the duty of the Court to decide the request on its merits and only upon its rejection, proceed to consider the prayer for grant of statutory bail. The High Court, therefore, noticed that it   had   two   options:   first,   to   remit   the   matter   back   to   the Special Court for a proper decision on the said report of the th Additional   Public   Prosecutor   dated   28   February,   2017   or second,   to   consider   the   same   itself   and   pass   appropriate orders thereupon.  It chose to adopt the second option, which was thought desirable and not objected to by the appellant as can   be   discerned   from   the   noting   in   paragraph   75   of   the impugned judgment.  The High Court, in paragraph 76 of the impugned judgment, then proceeded to consider the prayer for extension   of   time   made   in   the   report   submitted   by   the th Additional Public Prosecutor on 28  February, 2017, and, for tangible   reasons,   found   the   same   to   be   genuine   and appropriate. Having thus held, it allowed the said request by 40 th extending the time to file charge­sheet till 8  March, 2017.  We find   no   infirmity   in   the   said   approach   of   the   High   Court. th Having   extended   the   time   till   8   March,   2017   and   as   the charge­sheet was already filed on that date, the question of considering   the   prayer   for   grant   of   statutory   bail   of   the nd appellant   vide   application   dated   2   March,   2017,   on   the ground of default, did not survive for further consideration. Right   to   grant   of   statutory   bail   would   have   enured   to   the accused only after rejection of the request for extension of time prayed by the Additional Public Prosecutor. As a result, the High Court rightly rejected the prayer for grant of statutory nd bail   pursued   by   the   appellant   vide   application   dated   2 March,   2017.     We   are   in   full   agreement   with   the   said conclusion reached by the High Court.  A priori , these appeals must fail.  Indeed, rejection of the 29. prayer for grant of statutory bail will not come in the way of the appellant in pursuing his remedy for grant of regular bail 41 on merit.  The appellant is free to pursue that remedy which may be considered on its own merits in accordance with law.  Accordingly, these appeals are dismissed being devoid of 30. merits.  .………………………….CJI.    (Dipak Misra) …………………………..….J.                  (A.M. Khanwilkar)    …………………………..….J.                 (Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud) New Delhi; January 31, 2018.