M/S MEENAKSHI SOLAR POWER PVT. LTD. vs. M/S ABHYUDAYA GREEN ECONOMIC ZONES PVT. LTD.

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 23-11-2022

Preview image for M/S MEENAKSHI SOLAR POWER PVT. LTD. vs. M/S ABHYUDAYA GREEN ECONOMIC ZONES PVT. LTD.

Full Judgment Text

1 REPORTABLE  IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA  CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION    CIVIL APPEAL   NO. 8818  OF     2022 (Arising out of SLP (Civil) No. 11570 of 2021) M/s. Meenakshi Solar Power Pvt. Ltd.                … APPELLANT Vs. M/s. Abhyudaya Green Economic  Zones Pvt. Ltd. and Ors.                                  ... RESPONDENT(S) J   U   D   G   M     E   N   T   NAGARATHNA,   J. Leave granted. 2. This   Civil   Appeal   has   been   filed   by   assailing   the   impugned judgment and order dated 12.02.2021 passed by the High Court of Judicature for the State of Telangana at Hyderabad in Arbitration Application No. 55 of 2020 whereby the High Court dismissed the application   filed   under   Section   11(6)   of   the   Arbitration   and Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by satish kumar yadav Date: 2022.11.23 16:26:50 IST Reason: Conciliation Act, 1996 (hereinafter referred to as ‘Act of 1996’, for the sake of convenience) filed by the appellant herein.   2 3. The appellant herein­ M/s. Meenakshi Solar Power Pvt. Ltd. is engaged in the business of producing power through running and operating thermal/solar/hydro power plants. The respondent No.1 – M/s. Abhyudaya Green Economic Zones Pvt. Ltd. is the owner of 4.128 MW Solar PV Power Project located in 20 acres at Kummera Village,   Chevella   Mandal,   Ranga   Reddy   District,   Telangana. Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 are promoters and 100% shareholders of respondent No.1 Company. Respondent No. 4­ M/s. Meenakshi Power Pvt. Ltd. is an affiliate of the appellant herein and is a proforma respondent in the present case while the other three respondents are the contesting respondents. 4. Succinctly   stated,   the   facts   of   the   case   are   that   the   power project  of  respondent No.1  herein is  generating  power  and  has a twenty­year   Power   Purchase   Agreement   with   Telangana   State Southern Power Distribution Company Limited. The power project was   partly   financed   by   Corporation   Bank,   Film   Nagar   Branch, Hyderabad   in   the   form   of   a   Term   Loan   vide   Account   No. 560821000017646 and partly financed by M/s. IFCI Venture Capital Funds Limited (hereinafter referred to as ‘IFCI Venture Capital’) in the form   of   14,68,000   Optionally   Convertible   Debentures   of   Rs.100/­ each at par aggregating to Rs.14,68,00,000/­ (Rupees Fourteen Crore Sixty­Eight Lakhs Only) under a Venture Capital Fund for Schedule 3 Castes. Since it was difficult for respondent No.1 to service the debt availed from the financial institutions, respondent Nos. 2 and 3 its promoters,   decided   to   sell   the   said   power   project.   The   appellant herein showed interest in buying the said power project and therefore entered   into   a   Share   Purchase   Agreement   dated   24.09.2018   with respondent Nos.1 to 3 wherein respondent Nos. 2 and 3 agreed to sell 100% ownership of respondent No.1 Company comprising all of its assets   including   land,   buildings,   plant,   equipment   along   with continuity of the Power Purchase Agreement signed with Telangana State   Southern   Power   Distribution   Company   Limited   as   a   going business entity, for an irrevocably frozen Purchase Price of Rs. 29 Crores (Rupees Twenty­Nine Crores). The appellant herein agreed to purchase   100%   Equity   Shares   and   100%   Preference   Shares   of respondent   No.1   Company   by   way   of   taking   over   the   loans   of respondent No.1 Company and paying the balance amount to the sellers i.e., respondent Nos. 2 and 3 towards net equity value. 5. Subsequently, a Tripartite Agreement was entered into by the appellant herein through its affiliate i.e., respondent No.4 (party of the third part) with respondent Nos. 2 and 3 (party of the second part) and   IFCI   Venture   Capital   (party   of   the   first   part)   on   03.04.2019 recording   the   execution   of   the   Share   Purchase   Agreement   dated 24.09.2018 and payment of Rs. 50 lakhs (Rupees Fifty Lakhs) to 4 respondent   Nos.   2   and   3   in   terms   of   the   said   Share   Purchase Agreement.  6. Thereafter, an addendum to the Share Purchase Agreement was signed on 10.04.2019 between respondent Nos.1 to 3 and respondent No.4 wherein the latter agreed to remit an amount of Rs. 1.65 Crores to respondent Nos. 1 to 3 to regularize the loan with the Corporation Bank and facilitate the transfer of the project company. 7. Disputes arose between the appellant and the respondents and the appellant herein filed an application before the Commercial Court, City Civil Court, Hyderabad vide COP No.27 of 2020 under Section 9 of the Act of 1996, seeking to restrain the respondents from alienating their shares in the Company. The Commercial Court was pleased to grant   an   ad­interim   injunction   restraining   the   respondents   from alienating their shares vide order dated 19.06.2020. 8. The appellant herein sent a letter dated 22.06.2020 invoking the arbitration clause as a means of dispute resolution in terms of Clause 10 of the Share Purchase Agreement and called upon respondent Nos. 1 to 3 to settle the disputes through arbitration. The appellant herein appointed   one   Dr.   P.V.   Amarnadha   Prasad,   Engineer   and   Techno Legal Consultant, Hyderabad as its arbitrator and vide such letter requested respondent Nos. 1 to 3 to appoint their nominee arbitrator and to constitute an Arbitral Tribunal of three members to adjudicate 5 upon the dispute between the parties. On receiving no response to the aforesaid notice, the aggrieved appellant herein filed an application under Section 11(6) of the Act of 1996 which came to be dismissed vide impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court. 9. Aggrieved   by   the   dismissal   of   the   aforesaid   application,   the appellant has approached this Court by way of the present appeal.  10. We have heard Ms. Meenakshi Arora, learned Senior Counsel duly   instructed   by   her   instructing   counsel,   appearing   for   the appellant herein and Sri D. Narendra Naik, learned counsel for the respondent Nos.1 to 3 and perused the material on record. 11. Learned Senior Counsel for the appellant stated that the High Court has grossly erred in dismissing the application under Section 11(6) of the Act of 1996 and that the judgment and order passed by the High Court needs consideration by this Court. The submissions of learned Senior Counsel for the appellant are summarised as under: 11.1 That   the   High   Court   erred   in   giving   a   finding   of implied/deemed novation while adjudicating on an application under Section 11 of the Act of 1996 and failed to comprehend the   nature   of   limited   judicial   intervention   under   the   said provision. 11.2 That the High Court erred in venturing to examine complicated questions   of   facts   and   documents   and   has   essentially 6 performed the function of an Arbitral Tribunal before whom novation   ought   to   have   been   pleaded   and   proved   as   a preliminary issue in case the same arose. 11.3 That the High Court has failed to examine the ingredients for novation and has given an erroneous finding in that regard by superficially dealing with the said issue. The High Court failed to comprehend that the Tripartite Agreement was entered into with   the   sole   purpose   and   intent   to   act   as   a   recovery mechanism for IFCI Venture Capital and cannot by any stretch of imagination be called as an act to substitute and novate the Share Purchase Agreement dated 24.09.2018.  11.4 That   the   High   Court   failed   to   consider   that   the   Tripartite Agreement   and   the   Addendum   to   the   Share   Purchase Agreement was for a limited purpose of satisfying IFCI Venture Capital as regards the dues payable and the same cannot be said to have substituted the Share Purchase Agreement. Both the Tripartite Agreement and the Addendum make no mention to novate or substitute the Share Purchase Agreement dated 24.09.2018. There are clauses being substituted or subsequent modification of clauses between the Share Purchase Agreement when viewed alongside with the Tripartite Agreement.  7 11.5 It   is   reiterated   that   the   Tripartite   Agreement   with   the   IFCI Venture Capital was meant only to protect the interests of the financier so that it does not act coercively against respondent No.1. The Tripartite Agreement had no clauses in it to deal with the inter­se rights and obligations of appellant herein and its affiliate respondent No.4 and respondent Nos. 1 to 3 and was therefore  incapable of substituting  the  Share Purchase Agreement dated 24.09.2018. 11.6 That the High Court erred in not attempting to appreciate the composite   intention   of   both   the   parties,   the   nature   and purpose  of  the  commercial  transaction,  the documents  and material on record, the conduct and correspondence of the parties. 12. , learned counsel appearing for respondent Nos.1 to 3 Per contra supported the judgment and order passed by the High Court and contended   that   no   interference   of   this   Court   is   required.   The submissions of the learned counsel for the respondent No.1 to 3 are epitomized as under: 12.1 That the appellant herein failed miserably in making complete payment of the purchase of shares from respondent Nos. 2 and 3 and in fulfilling its obligation before the expiry of the Share Purchase Agreement i.e., as on 10.11.2018, when the Share 8 Purchase Agreement lapsed and stood terminated by operation of Clause 8 of the Share Purchase Agreement. 12.2 That a fresh Tripartite Agreement was entered into, after four months from the date when the Share Purchase Agreement stood terminated, with an intention to help the appellant to recover   an   amount   of   Rs.50   lakhs   paid   by   it   to   the respondents.   Pursuant   to   the   Tripartite   Agreement,   an Addendum was entered into between the parties wherein it was agreed that the consideration for sale of the power project shall be remitted within timelines stipulated under the terms and conditions of the Tripartite Agreement. The Addendum makes no   mention   of   the   compliance   with   any   term   of   the   Share Purchase Agreement dated 24.09.2018 and rightly so since the Tripartite Agreement executed on 03.04.2019 had novated the same.  12.3 That   the   Share   Purchase   Agreement   and   the   Tripartite Agreement   are   two   distinct   and   independent   agreements executed   between   completely   different   parties   with   different terms and conditions, however the subject matter i.e., the sale consideration and the number of shares being transferred are the same in both the agreements. The Tripartite Agreement has superseded the  Share Purchase Agreement. The substantial 9 shift   from   terms,   conditions   and   timelines   in   the   Share Purchase Agreement show that the parties departed from the same   to   the   Tripartite   Agreement   and   the   Share   Purchase Agreement stood novated.  12.4 That   the   High   Court   has   acted   completely   within   its jurisdiction under Section 11 of the Act of 1996 and has not stepped into the role of an Arbitral Tribunal.   Reference to Vidya Drolia vs. Durga Trading Corporation (2021) 2 SCC 1  was made in this regard. The respondents further relied on Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. vs. NCC Ltd. 2022 SCC OnLine  to hold that there is no bar under the Act of 1996 for a SC 896 Court   to   look   beyond   the   bare   existence   of   the   arbitration clause to cut the deadwood. The High Court in the present case was well within its jurisdiction in examining the existence of the Arbitration agreement and by arriving at a conclusion that   the   Share   Purchase   Agreement   was   novated   and superseded by the Tripartite Agreement.  12.5 That the arbitration clause being a part/component of Share Purchase Agreement falls within it and perishes along with it and   the   Tripartite   Agreement   provides   for   no   provision   for arbitration. The High Court was right in holding that owing to 10 novation, the invocation of arbitration under Share Purchase Agreement was untenable. This Court has clearly set out the principle   that   an   agreement   will   be   novated   with   the introduction   of   new   parties   by   mutual   agreement.   The respondents   relied   on   the   case   of   Union   of   India   vs. Kishorilal   Gupta   and   Bros.   (1960)   1   SCR   493 ,   Young Achievers vs. IMS Learning Resources Pvt. Ltd. (2013) 10   SCC   535 and   M.B.S   Impex   Pvt.   Ltd.   vs.   Minerals   and Metals Trading Corporation (2020) 5 ALD 185 . 12.6 That the High Court has rightly comprehended the intention behind the two agreements and the contention of the appellant that the Tripartite Agreement was a recovery mechanism is untrue   and   thus   unsustainable.   Moreover,   the   Tripartite Agreement governing the transaction makes no mention of the lapsed Share Purchase Agreement intentionally. The appellant was replaced by respondent No.4 in the Tripartite Agreement and IFCI Capital Venture was added as a party and was also given  a right to  invoke  the agreement.  Thus, the  Tripartite Agreement   is   a   completely   different   and   new   agreement between   different   parties   containing   different   terms   and conditions and does not have an arbitration clause. 11 13.  Having heard the learned counsel appearing for the respective parties, the following points would arise for our consideration: (a) Whether the judgment and order of the High Court calls for any interference or modification by this Court? (b) What order?  14. The   plea   taken   by   the   respondent   herein   is   that   owing   to novation   of   share   purchase   agreement,   the   arbitration   clause   no longer   existed   so   as   to   resolve   the   dispute   between   the   parties through arbitration.  On the other hand, the plea of the appellant is that there was no such novation of the share purchase agreement and the arbitration clause was very much available and hence, the High Court ought to have referred the matter to arbitration.  In this regard, it would be useful to refer to the following dicta of this Court:  a) In  National Insurance Co. Ltd. vs. Boghara Polyfab Pvt. Ltd. (2009) 1 SCC 267 , a Bench of this Court  elucidating on SBP & Co. vs. Patel Engineering Ltd. (2005) 8 SCC 618 has identified and segregated the issues that could be considered in an application filed under Section 11(6) of the Act of 1996 into three categories. They are enumerated as under: (i) issues which the Chief Justice or his designate is bound to decide;  12 (ii) issues which he can  also  decide, that is, issues which he may choose to decide or leave it to the Arbitral Tribunal to decide; and  (iii)   issues   which   would   be   left   to   the   Arbitral   Tribunal   to decide, and thereafter had enumerated them as under:
“22.1. The issues (first category) which the<br>Chief Justice/his designate will have to<br>decide are:
(a) Whether the party making the<br>application has approached the<br>appropriate High Court.
(b) Whether there is an arbitration<br>agreement and whether the party who<br>has applied under Section 11 of the<br>Act, is a party to such an agreement.
.   The   issues   (second   category)   which 22.2 the Chief Justice/his designate may choose to decide (or leave them to the decision of the Arbitral Tribunal) are: ( a )   Whether   the   claim   is   a   dead   (long­ barred) claim or a live claim. ( b )   Whether   the   parties   have   concluded the   contract/transaction   by   recording satisfaction of their mutual rights and obligation   or   by   receiving   the   final payment without objection. 22.3 . The issues (third category) which the Chief   Justice/his   designate   should   leave exclusively to the Arbitral Tribunal are: 13 ( i )   Whether a claim made falls within the arbitration clause (as for example, a matter   which   is   reserved   for   final decision   of   a   departmental   authority and   excepted   or   excluded   from arbitration). ( ii )   Merits   or   any   claim   involved   in   the arbitration.”    15. As far as the issues in the first category are concerned, the Chief Justice or his designate is bound to decide.  With regard to the issues falling under the second category, when they are raised in an application under Section 11 of the Arbitration Act, the Chief Justice or   his   designate   may   decide   them   or   may   leave   it   open   with   a direction to the Arbitral Tribunal to decide the same.  But if the Chief Justice or his designate chooses to examine the issue and decides it, the Arbitral Tribunal cannot re­examine the same issue. As far as the issues which arise in the third category are concerned, they have to be dealt with exclusively by the Arbitral Tribunal such as excepted or excluded matters.  It would also include merits of any claim involved in arbitration.
16.InVidya Drolia (supra),it has been further observed in
relation to the aforesaid three categories inBoghara Polyfab Pvt.
Ltd. (supra).The first category of issues, namely, whether the party
has approached the appropriate High Court, whether there is an
14
arbitration agreement and whether the party who has applied for
reference is party to such agreement would be subject to a more
thorough examination in comparison to the second and third
categories/issues which are presumptively, save in exceptional cases,
for the arbitrator to decide. In the first category, the question or
issues are relating to whether the cause of action relates to actionin
personamorrem; whether the subject­matter of the dispute affects
third­party rights, haveerga omneseffect, requires centralised
adjudication; whether the subject­matter relates to inalienable
sovereign and public interest functions or by necessary implication
non­arbitrable as per mandatory statutes. On the other hand, issues
relating to contract formation, existence, validity and non­arbitrability
would be connected and intertwined with the issues underlying the
merits of the respective disputes/claims. They would be factual and
disputed and for the Arbitral Tribunal to decide.
disputed and for the Arbitral Tribunal to decide.
17.
can interfere only when it is manifest that the claims are ex facie time­barred   and   dead,   or   there   is   no   subsisting   dispute.   In   the context  of   issue   of   limitation  period,  it  should   be  referred   to   the Arbitral Tribunal for decision on merits. Similar would be the position in case of disputed “no­claim certificate” or defence on the plea of novation and “accord and satisfaction”.  15
18.
inDamodar Valley Corporationvs.K.K. Kar(1974) 1 SCC 141
wherein it has been observed as under:
(1)an arbitration clause is a collateral term of a contract as
distinguished from its substantive terms; but nonetheless it is an integral part of it; 
(2)however comprehensive the terms of an arbitration clause may
be, the existence of the contract is a necessary condition for its operation; it perishes with the contract;   
(3)the contract may benon estin the sense that it never came
legally into existence or it wasvoid ab initio;
(4)though the contract was validly executed, the parties may put
an end to it as if it had never existed and substitute a new contract   for   it   solely   governing   their   rights   and   liabilities thereunder; 
(5)in the former case, if the original contract has no legal existence,
the arbitration clause also cannot operate, for along with the original contract, it is also void; in the latter case, as the original contract is extinguished by the substituted one, the arbitration clause of the original contract perishes with it; and  16
(6)between the two falls many categories “of disputes in connection
with a contract, such as the question of repudiation, frustration, breach, etc. In those cases, it is the performance of the contract that has come to an end, but the contract is still in existence for certain purposes in respect of disputes arising under it or in connection with it. As the contract subsists for certain purposes, the arbitration clause operates in respect of these purposes.
Even ifthe performance of the contract has come to an end, the
contract can still be in existence for certain purposes in respect of disputes arising under it or in connection with it. 19. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we find that High Court was not right in dismissing the petition under Section 11(6) of the Act of 1996 filed by the appellant herein by giving a finding on novation of the Share Purchase Agreement between the parties as the said aspect would have a bearing on the merits of the controversy between the parties. Therefore, it must be left to the Arbitrator to decide on the said issue also. Hence, the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court has to be set­aside. 20. In the result, the appeal filed by the appellant is allowed and the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court is hereby quashed and set aside.  17 21. As   requested   before   this   Court   for   appointment   of   a   sole Arbitrator,   Hon.   Sri   Justice   R.   Subhash   Reddy,   Former   Judge, Supreme Court of India, [email id –  rsubhashreddy5157@gmail.com ] is appointed as the sole Arbitrator to arbitrate the dispute between the parties.  The Registry is directed to send a copy of this order to the learned sole Arbitrator. 22. All contentions of both sides are left open to be raised by the respective parties before the Arbitral Tribunal in accordance with law.    23. Pending application(s), if any, shall stand disposed of in the above terms. ..………….……………J.  (B.R. GAVAI)      ..………….……………J.  (B.V. NAGARATHNA)   NEW DELHI; NOVEMBER 23, 2022.