Full Judgment Text
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS .1261-1262 OF 2017
[ARISING OUT OF SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION(CRL.) NOS. 2786-2787 OF
2017]
CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION …Appellant
Versus
M. SIVAMANI …Respondent
J U D G M E N T
ADARSH KUMAR GOEL, J.
th
1. These appeals have been preferred against Order dated 16
October, 2015 of the High Court of judicature at Madras in
Criminal Revision Case No.2 of 2009 and M.P. No.1 of 2009. The
High Court has quashed the proceedings against the respondent
in C.C. No.15 of 2007 pending before the Additional Special Judge
for CBI cases, Chennai.
Signature Not Verified
Digitally signed by
SWETA DHYANI
Date: 2017.08.01
14:21:43 IST
Reason:
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2. Facts stated in the charge sheet filed by the appellant-CBI
against the respondent are that a claim petition was filed before
the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT), Cuddalore seeking
compensation of Rs.22,00,000/- for death of Mohamed Farooque
th
in a road accident on 11 October, 2002. The MACT partly
upheld the claim and awarded Rs.14,97,000/-. On appeal of the
National Insurance Company (Insurance Company), the Madras
High Court ordered investigation by CBCID into the allegation that
the claim was false. After investigation, the CBCID filed charge
sheet. The matter was later taken over by CBI under the
directions of the Madras High Court which led the CBI to file the
impugned charge sheet under Sections 120-B r/w 182, 420, 468,
468 r/w 471 IPC and 13(2) r/w 13(i)(d) of Prevention of Corruption
Act, 1988 r/w 511 IPC against A1 to A9. The respondent is A-5.
According to the CBI, the Insurance Company was cheated by A-1
by making false claim in connivance with the other accused.
Mohamed Farooque sustained injuries by falling on his own from a
scooter and not in accident as alleged. Different accused were
given different roles in conspiracy. The role given to the
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respondent, who is an advocate, is of misrepresentation and
producing false evidence, knowing the true facts.
3. During pendency of proceedings on the charge sheet, the
respondent moved a petition pleading bar under Section 195(1)
(a)(i) CrPC by submitting that cognizance in respect of offence
under Section 182 IPC could not be taken except “on the
complaint in writing of the public servant concerned or of some
other public servant to whom he is administratively subordinate.”
Charge sheet by CBI was not such a complaint. The trial court
dismissed the petition.
4. On a revision before the High Court, the High Court reversed
the order of the trial court. It was held:
“….Since Section 182, IPC is found in the final report, a
complaint in writing from the competent authority is very
much essential and no deviation can be taken. Further, in
Section 195(1)(a)(iii), it is mentioned that if there is any
criminal conspiracy to commit such offence, complaint in
writing by the competent authority is necessary. In the
instant case, in the final report, it has been clearly stated
that all accused have contrived themselves and agreed to
perform the said act. Further, since the accused have been
facing a charge under Section 120-B, IPC, the Court can
very well come to a conclusion that each accused is having
vicarious liability. Under the said circumstances, the
defence taken on the side of the respondent is sans merit.
It has already been pointed out that in respect of the
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offences mentioned in Section 195(1)(a)(i), a complaint in
writing is very much essential. Further, as stated supra, in
the instant case, Section 120-B is also available. Under the
said circumstances also, a written complaint is very much
essential as per the provisions of Section 195(1)(a)(i) and
(iii) of Cr.P.C. The Court below has given a finding to the
effect that the High Court has directed the CBI to conduct
investigation and file a final report and the same has been
done. It is pertinent to note that the order passed by the
High Court is not at all sufficient to flout/bypass the
mandatory provision of Section 195, Cr.P.C. Under such
circumstances, the contentions put forth on the side of the
respondent are not having any substance. It has already
been discussed in detail that the reasons given by the
Court-below for dismissing the present petition are totally
against the existing law and the same can be eschewed.”
5. We have heard learned counsel for the parties.
6. It is submitted on behalf of the appellant that it was on
account of element of public interest that the High Court directed
CBCID to look into the allegation relating to bogus claim. By a
st
subsequent order dated 1 March, 2006 in W.P. Nos.7389, 39956
and 39968 of 2005, further direction was given to handover the
matter to the CBI in following terms:
“We are, however, refraining from entering upon the details
lest it may likely to prejudice either party, but we think that
since the accusations are directed mainly against the local
police officials, it is desirable to entrust the investigation of
the matter to an independent agency like the CBI so that all
concerned including the Insurance Companies may feel
assured that an independent agency is looking into the
matter and that would lend the final outcome of the
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investigation credibility. Mr. Somayaji may be right in
saying that the local police are carrying out the
investigation faithfully, but the same will lack credibility,
since the allegations are mainly against the Police
Department. Therefore, in our opinion, it would be
advisable and desirable as well as in the interest of justice
to entrust the investigation to the CBI forthwith in respect of
the complaints filed by the National Insurance Company as
well as other Insurance Companies.
We accordingly direct that the CBI shall investigate into the
said complaints filed by the Insurance Companies as well as
complaints relating to the use of fake FIRs by different
police stations. … … …”
In view of above, on correct interpretation of the provision,
bar of Section 195 cannot apply in view of direction of the High
Court.
The question is whether there is non-compliance of Section
195(1)(a)(i) CrPC in court taking cognizance of the offence in
question , i.e. Section 182 IPC.
7. Section 195(1) CrPC is as follows:
“195. Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public
servants, for offences against public justice and for offences
relating to documents given in evidence.—(1) No court shall
take cognizance—
(a)(i) of any offence punishable under Sections 172 to 188
(both inclusive) of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), or
(ii) of any abetment of, or attempt to commit, such offence,
or
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(iii) of any criminal conspiracy to commit such offence,
except on the complaint in writing of the public
servant concerned or of some other public servant to
whom he is administratively subordinate;
(b)(i) of any offence punishable under any of the following
sections of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), namely,
Sections 193 to 196 (both inclusive), 199, 200, 205 to 211
(both inclusive) and 228, when such offence is alleged to
have been committed in, or in relation to, any proceeding in
any court, or
(ii) of any offence described in Section 463, or punishable
under Section 471, Section 475 or Section 476, of the said
Code, when such offence is alleged to have been
committed in respect of a document produced or given in
evidence in a proceeding in any court, or
(iii) of any criminal conspiracy to commit, or attempt to
commit, or the abetment of, any offence specified in
sub-clause (i) or sub-clause (ii),
except on the complaint in writing of that court, or of some
other court to which that court is subordinate.”
(Emphasis added)
8. Contention raised on behalf of the appellant-CBI is that the
object and purpose of the bar created under the law against
taking cognizance in respect of the specified offences is to control
frivolous or vexatious proceedings by private parties. In State of
1
U.P. versus Mata Bhikh it was observed :
1 (1994) 4SCC 95 `
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“ 6. The object of this section is to protect persons from
being vexatiously prosecuted upon inadequate materials or
insufficient grounds by person actuated by malice or ill-will
or frivolity of disposition at the instance of private
individuals for the offences specified therein. The provisions
of this section, no doubt, are mandatory and the Court has
no jurisdiction to take cognizance of any of the offences
mentioned therein unless there is a complaint in writing of
‘the public servant concerned’ as required by the section
without which the trial under Section 188 of the Indian Penal
Code becomes void ab initio. See Daulat Ram v. State of
Punjab [AIR 1962 SC1206]. … … …”
9. It is submitted that the scheme of the provision shows that
the specified offences in respect of whom the bar is created have
direct impact on administration of public justice. As against a
private party, it is only the public servant or his superior to whom
he is administratively subordinate is permitted to file a complaint.
Reliance has been placed on the judgment of this Court in Iqbal
2
Singh Marwah versus Meenakshi Marwah laying down that
interpretation of the provision which leads to a situation where
victim of crime is rendered remediless has to be discarded and
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interpretation should advance the object . The Constitution
Bench of this Court interpreted the bar under Section 195(1)(b)(ii)
to be limited to a document where forgery was committed after it
2 (2005) 4 SCC 370
3 Para 23 & 25.
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was produced or given in evidence before the court. It was held
that if forgery was committed before the document was produced
before the court, the bar under the said provision was not
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applicable. In Perumal versus Janakai it was held that bar
under the provision will not apply if a High Court, as a superior
court, directs a complaint to be filed in respect of offence covered
by Section 195(1)(b)(i). It was, thus, submitted that in the
present case protection under Section 195(1)(a)(i) cannot apply
as it was not at the instance of any private party but at the
instance of the High Court that CBI investigation was directed to
be conducted. “Other public servant to whom he is
administratively subordinate” should not exclude the High Court.
10. Learned counsel for the respondent however supported the
view taken by the High Court. It was submitted that there was no
reason to ignore the statutory bar against taking cognizance of an
offence under Section 182 except on the complaint in writing of
the public servant concerned or who is administrative superior to
whom which expression could not include the High Court. It was
submitted that though on failure to perform a public duty, the
4 (2014) 5 SCC 377
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public servant or his superior may be directed by the High Court
by a mandamus to file a complaint, direction of the High Court to
conduct investigation was not enough to exclude the statutory
bar against taking of cognizance. Reliance has been placed on
5
M.S. Ahlawat versus State of Haryana laying down as
follows:
“5. Chapter XI IPC deals with “false evidence and offences
against public justice” and Section 193 occurring therein
provides for punishment for giving or fabricating false
evidence in a judicial proceeding. Section 195 of the Criminal
Procedure Code (CrPC) provides that where an act amounts
to an offence of contempt of the lawful authority of public
servants or to an offence against public justice such as giving
false evidence under Section 193 IPC etc. or to an offence
relating to documents actually used in a court, private
prosecutions are barred absolutely and only the court in
relation to which the offence was committed may initiate
proceedings. Provisions of Section 195 CrPC are mandatory
and no court has jurisdiction to take cognizance of any of the
offences mentioned therein unless there is a complaint in
writing as required under that section. It is settled law that
every incorrect or false statement does not make it
incumbent upon the court to order prosecution, but (sic) to
exercise judicial discretion to order prosecution only in the
larger interest of the administration of justice.”
11. We have considered the rival submissions. We find merit in
the contention raised on behalf of the appellant. While the bar
against cognizance of a specified offence is mandatory, the same
5 (2000) 1 SCC 278
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has to be understood in the context of the purpose for which such
a bar is created. The bar is not intended to take away remedy
against a crime but only to protect an innocent person against
false or frivolous proceedings by a private person. The expression
“the public servant or his administrative superior” cannot exclude
the High Court. It is clearly implicit in the direction of the High
Court quoted above that it was necessary in the interest of justice
to take cognizance of the offence in question. Direction of the
High Court is at par with the direction of an administrative
superior public servant to file a complaint in writing in terms of
the statutory requirement. The protection intended by the
Section against a private person filing a frivolous complaint is
taken care of when the High Court finds that the matter was
required to be gone into in public interest. Such direction cannot
be rendered futile by invoking Section 195 to such a situation.
Once the High Court directs investigation into a specified offence
mentioned in Section 195, bar under Section 195(1)(a) cannot be
pressed into service. The view taken by the High Court will
frustrate the object of law and cannot be sustained.
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12. Accordingly, we allow these appeals and set aside the
impugned order. Since the matters have been hanging in fire for
the last more than 15 years, it will be in the interest of justice that
the proceedings are concluded as far as possible within six
months.
…………………………………..J.
(ADARSH KUMAR GOEL)
…………………………………..J.
(UDAY UMESH LALIT)
NEW DELHI
ST
1 AUGUST, 2017.
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