Full Judgment Text
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* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
+ CRL. A.No. 124/2000
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Reserved on: 4 September, 2015
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% Date of Decision: 9 October, 2015
VEER SINGH ..... Appellant
Through Mr. Praveer Singh, Advocate.
Versus
STATE ..... Respondent
Through Ms. Aashaa Tiwari, APP along with Inspector
Ramniwas, P.S. Roop Nagar.
CORAM:
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SANJIV KHANNA
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE R.K.GAUBA
SANJIV KHANNA, J.
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Veer Singh by the impugned judgment dated 18 January, 2000 has
been convicted under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC, for
short) for having committed murder of Praveen Kumar at about 11 P.M. on
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4 March, 1996. The appellant-Veer Singh has also been convicted under
Section 27 of the Arms Act, 1959 for having used a sword to cause injuries
on the upper part of pinna adjoining the temporal region of Praveen
Kumar.
2. The factum that the deceased-Praveen Kumar had died a homicidal
death is discernibly established and proved from the Medical Legal Report
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(Exhibit PW-24/A) recorded at the Hindu Rao Hospital on 4 March, 1996
at 11.50 P.M. The said patient Praveen Kumar was brought by one Rishi
Kumar, who has deposed in the court as PW-7. The patient was
unconscious, pulse was not palpable, pupils were dilated and the heart beat
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 1 of 17
was absent. Praveen Kumar was declared as brought dead. Dr. V.P. Singh
(PW-24) proved the said MLC, in the handwriting of Dr. Tarun Sikri, who
had also signed at point „A‟. The post-mortem report of Praveen Kumar
marked Exhibit PW-22/A was proved by Dr. C.B. Dabas (PW-22), who
had conducted the post-mortem. As per the post-mortem report, the
following external injuries were noticed:-
1. One incised wound 2.5x2 cm over left pinna in upper
part and adjoining part of temporal region of scalp
anteriorly located 6 cm posterior to outer angle of left
eye.
2. Abrasion 2.5x2.5 over left side forehead.
3. Bruise 9x7 cm over upper inner aspect of right arm in
axille.
4. Abrasion 0.5x0.5 cm over lower back of right arm.
5. Abrasion 2x1 cm over back of right elbow.
6. Superficial incised wound 0.5x0.4 cm in left lumber
region of front of abdomen.
7. Abrasion 2x0.4 cm on right side front of abdomen in
lumber region.
On Internal Examination, with reference to injury No.
1 it was observed:
Injury No. 1 had cut through temporal bone on left side
and then cut the meninges over brain entered to lateral
surface of left temporal lobe of cerebrum and after
perforating through it cut through the piuatary fossa
and ended on its left side on inner surface of right
temporal frontal lobe upto a depth of 10.5 cm.
Injury No. 1 had caused the death of Praveen Kumar due to cranio-
cerebral damage. The said injury had cut through the temporal bone on the
left side and then the meninges over brain, etc. The injury was deep i.e had
a depth of 10.5 cm. We shall subsequently refer to the deposition of Dr.
C.B. Dabas (PW-22), when we determine the question of the offence
committed by the appellant Veer Singh.
3. There is ample evidence and material to show that there was a
grapple and a free fight between two groups at about 11 P.M. in front of
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 2 of 17
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Roshanara Building on the night before Holi, i.e., 4 March, 1996. In this
quarrel which had erupted while Holi fire was burning, that the fatal
penetrating injury No. 1 was penetrated on the left pinna of Praveen
Kumar. Three others Mahesh Singh, Yogesh @ Kallu and Yogender @
Gattu were also charge sheeted and had faced prosecution, but stand
acquitted by the impugned judgement, as sharing of common intention for
invoking Section 34 IPC was not proved and established beyond
reasonable doubt. The impugned judgment accentuates several infirmities
to hold that the said acquitted accused had not overtly or covertly acted to
provoke or facilitate the fatal attack on Praveen Kumar and in fact no
exhortation stood attributed to them. Learned counsel for the appellant-
Veer Singh has highlighted observations in paragraph 21 of the impugned
judgment wherein it has been held that the evidence of recovery of weapon
appeared to be doubtful and the eye-witness version did not appear reliable
against the acquitted accused Mahesh Singh and Yogender. The contention
is that in spite of ascribing unpropitious and bleak opinion as to the version
of the eye witnesses, it has been held that the appellant-Veer Singh had
caused the fatal injury on the pinna of Praveen Kumar. Our attention was
drawn to paragraphs 26 to 28 of the impugned judgment. Apropos to
paragraph 32, it was submitted that the trial court has disbelieved evidence
of recovery of the sword, but still held that appellant-Veer Singh had used
a sharp weapon like a knife or a sword. Paragraph 32 of the impugned
judgment reads as under:-
“32. Even though I have disbelieved the evidence of
recovery of sword, it is obvious that Veer Singh had
used a sharp weapon like knife or sword. The mere
fact that the recovery of such weapon has not been
proved, cannot exonerate him.”
Additional Public Prosecutor has contested and challenged the said
submissions, relying upon the eye witness‟s description of the events.
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 3 of 17
4. We proceed to examine the evidence and material on record. Raj
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Kumar Sharma (PW-1) has deposed that on 4 March, 1996 at about 10.30
P.M. he along with other persons in the locality were preparing to alight
the Holi fire. At that time when Ajay and Yogesh (acquitted) were
dancing, a scuffle took place between the two. One Rajesh and Yogender
(acquitted) had intervened and separated them. At about 11 P.M. there was
heated exchange of words between Ajay and Yogender (acquitted). On
this Yogesh (acquitted) ran towards his house and returned with his father
Mahesh, who had an axe in his hand and the appellant Veer Singh, who
had an open sword. The deceased Praveen Kumar at that time was trying
to intervene and separate Yogender (acquitted) and Ajay. Mahesh
(acquitted) had caught hold of Praveen Kumar and questioned why he
(Praveen Kumar) was siding with Yogesh etc. The appellant-Veer Singh
had then urged that they should first settle with Praveen Kumar and stuck
the sword on the left side pinna of Praveen Kumar, who started bleeding
profusely. Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1) ran towards Mahesh (acquitted), and
Yogender (acquitted) took out a knife and struck PW-1 on the left side of
the face and chest. Others also suffered injuries. Raju, elder brother of
Ajay, had managed to snatch a danda from Yogesh (acquitted) and had
given blows to Mahesh (acquitted) and Yogender (acquitted). People
present raised an alarm. In the meanwhile, Rishi Kumar (PW-7) arrived at
the spot along with his cousin Anil Kumar Sharma (PW-6) and took
Praveen Kumar to a hospital in a three wheeler scooter. Police was
informed and Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1) was taken to the Hindu Rao
Hospital in a PCR van for treatment. Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1) testified
that Mahesh (acquitted), Yogender (acquitted) and Veer Singh, had also
arrived at the hospital and they were detained by the police. Subsequently,
SI Bachu Singh (PW-23) came to the hospital and recorded his statement
(Exhibit PW-1/A), which became the substance of the FIR. In his cross-
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 4 of 17
examination, Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1) affirmed that he knew the family
of Veer Singh since childhood and there was no enmity between the family
of Veer Singh and the deceased Praveen Kumar. He has also accepted that
when they had proceeded to alight the Holi fire, elders were present and the
atmosphere was joyous. Drums were being beaten. Earlier or at the first
instance, there was no physical scuffle between Ajay and Yogesh
(acquitted), and disparaging words were exchanged in the presence of
about 100 persons. He denied the suggestion that appellant-Veer Singh was
not armed with a sword and had a hollow aluminium pipe of a TV antenna
in his hand. Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1) affirmed that he had seen only one
injury on the body of Praveen Kumar and did not see any other injury
being inflicted. He denied that Praveen Kumar was injured by others who
had come to join the Holi celebrations. However, PW-1 has accepted that
Mahesh and Yogender (both acquitted) and the appellant-Veer Singh were
injured when they had come to the hospital, for the injuries were visible
and they were given medical treatment.
5. Similar statement is made by Bal Kishan (PW-2) about the
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occurrence at about 11 P.M. on 4 March, 1996 at the time of Holi. Bal
Kishan (PW-2) has deposed that the appellant-Veer Singh had a sword.
Mahesh (acquitted) had caught hold of the deceased Praveen Kumar and
had berated why Praveen Kumar had intervened. At that time, appellant-
Veer Singh had stated “let us first see Praveen Kumar” and struck him
(Praveen Kumar) with a sword on his left pinna. Praveen Kumar started
bleeding and fell down. Bal Kishan (PW-2) reiterates that others had
suffered injuries. Praveen Kumar was taken to the hospital in a three
wheeler scooter. PW-2 affirmed that Ajay had given danda blows on the
head of Mahesh (acquitted) and Yogender (acquitted), but denied the
suggestion that the appellant-Veer Singh had not attacked Praveen Kumar.
6. Identically, Narender Kumar (PW-3) has referred to Mahesh‟s
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 5 of 17
(acquitted) scorn on Praveen Kumar for he used to side with Ajay and that
he would see Praveen Kumar. Veer Singh, PW-3 affirmed, had attacked
Praveen Kumar with a sword on his left pinna. Yogender (acquitted) had
taken out a knife from his pocket and inflicted injuries on others, including
Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1). He denied the suggestion that the appellant-
Veer Singh was not having a sword, but had an aluminium rod.
7. Om Parkash (PW-4) is equally assertive and has deposed that the
appellant-Veer Singh had reprimanded Praveen Kumar verbally and then
had struck the sword on his left pinna, upon which Praveen Kumar started
bleeding profusely. Om Parkash (PW-4) in his cross-examination has
accepted that he did not remember the direction of the face of Praveen
Kumar at the time of assault, though Veer Singh had attacked him from the
front side. Om Parkash (PW-4) has denied that Praveen Kumar had
suffered seven injuries or that a riot took place or that Praveen Kumar had
suffered injuries in the said riot.
8. Anil Kumar Sharma (PW-6) and Rishi Kumar (PW-7) have deposed
that they arrived at the spot after the occurrence had taken place. Rishi
Kumar (PW-7), professes having seen the appellant-Veer Singh with a
sword in his hand, when he was present with others, who stand acquitted.
He had subsequently seen the deceased-Praveen Kumar lying in an injured
condition and had taken him to the hospital. Rishi Kumar (PW-7) has
testified that Veer Singh had got the sword recovered from the space
between the boundary wall of the community centre and the railway line.
The sketch of the sword was marked Exhibit PW-7/C. It is also noticeable
that Rishi Kumar (PW-7) claims that Mahesh (acquitted) had an axe in his
hand. Testimony of Rishi Kumar (PW-7) has been examined in detail in
para 12. Similar assertion is made by Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1). Narender
Kumar (PW-3) also supports the factual position that Mahesh (acquitted)
had an axe in his hand. Om Parkash (PW-4) too affirms that Mahesh
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 6 of 17
(acquitted) had some axe like weapon in his hand.
9. Anant Ram (PW-8), who asserts that he was present at the time of
occurrence, reiterates that Mahesh (acquitted) had an axe like thing in his
hand, while appellant-Veer Singh was armed with a sword. Anant Ram
(PW-8) attributes the actual strike on the left pinna of Praveen Kumar to
the appellant-Veer Singh with a sword. Anant Ram (PW-8) denied the
suggestion that appellant-Veer Singh had an aluminium rod in his hand.
10. Rajesh Kumar (PW-9) identified the appellant-Veer Singh as the
perpetrator who had an open sword in his hand, whereas Mahesh
(acquitted) was having something like an axe. Mahesh (acquitted) had
pulled Praveen Kumar and had taunted him for taking sides and on this
appellant-Veer Singh had stated that would see Praveen Kumar first. Veer
Singh had attacked Praveen Kumar with a sword, which had struck
Praveen Kumar‟s left pinna. Praveen Kumar started bleeding. Yogender
(acquitted) had taken out a knife from his pocket and attacked Raj Kumar
Sharma (PW-1). Rajesh Kumar (PW-9) snatched a danda from Yogesh
(acquitted) and had furiously waived it. Praveen Kumar was removed to
the hospital in an auto rickshaw. In his cross-examination, Rajesh Kumar
(PW-9) has accepted that Praveen Kumar was not a party to the dispute and
that appellant-Veer Singh was standing behind Mahesh (acquitted) when
he had uttered that they should see the deceased Praveen first. Upon this,
Praveen Kumar had turned backwards and thereafter the injury was caused
by the sword. Rajesh Kumar (PW-9) had also gone to the hospital at about
12 mid-night and had seen the appellant-Veer Singh, Mahesh (acquitted)
and Yogender (acquitted) in the hospital. They were in police custody.
11. Ajay Sharma (PW-14) has deposed that on 04.02.96 at about 10:30
PM he along with others was dancing and beating drum on the occasion of
Holi. Accidently his elbow had struck Yogesh @ Kallu who started
abusing and beating him. Rajesh, his elder brother came to rescue PW-14
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 7 of 17
and an altercation took place. Praveen Kumar and his brother Raj Kumar
had intervened to separate them. Thereafter, again an altercation
developed, when Yoginder @ Gattu, who was also present there, started
abusing and threatening PW-14. Rajesh, Praveen and Raj Kumar had
thereupon tried to rescue PW-14. In the meantime Yogesh @ Kallu ran
towards his house and brought his father Mahesh who had an axe and uncle
Veer Singh who was having an open sword. As soon as they arrived,
Mahesh (acquitted) took him in his grip from behind with both hands and
remarked that the deceased Praveen took sides too often. Veer Singh
attacked Praveen with the words “let us see him first”. The blow of the
sword fell on the left pinna of Praveen, who started bleeding profusely. As
soon as Raj Kumar came forward to save Praveen, Yoginder @ Gattu had
attacked Raj Kumar with a knife. The knife blow fell on his left cheek and
Raj Kumar sustained injuries on his finger in an effort to save himself.
Brother of PW-14 snatched the danda from the hands of accused Rajesh @
Kallu (Yogesh @ Kallu) and attacked the all the accused persons in order
to scare them away. People present there raised an alarm. The accused ran
away from the spot. In his cross-examination Ajay Sharma (PW-14) has
accepted that he knew all the accused since childhood as they were living
in the same building. He denied that Veer Singh had an aluminium rod in
his hand. PW-14 claims that he did not run away after he saw Veer Singh
with a sword because Yoginder @ Gattu had caught hold of him by his
collar.
12. The contention that the appellant, in view of the doubt expressed
regarding recovery of the weapon of the offence i.e. the sword, an order of
acquittal would be correct and justified, is unacceptable and fallacious. We
record our inability to accept the said contention in light of the categorical
and compelling evidence against the appellant Veer Singh as the person
who had inflicted an injury with the sword on the deceased Praveen
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 8 of 17
Kumar. The said definitive assertion finds abundant corroboration from the
ocular testimony of even outsiders like Rajesh Kumar (PW9) and Ajay
Sharma (PW14). We also express our reservation on the argument relying
on paragraph 32 of the impugned judgment. The trial court it is pertinent
has convicted Veer Singh under Section 27 of the Arms Act. Thus, the fact
that the appellant Veer Singh had yielded a sword or a sharp edged weapon
and inflicted an injury on the deceased Praveen Kumar cannot be doubted.
The eye-witnesses in seriatim have stated that the blow was directed
towards the left pinna. The reason given in the impugned judgment to
doubt and reject recovery of the sword is the failure to join an independent
public witnesses, namely, Udaibir Singh and Hundi Lal, who had earlier
witnessed the personal search memos of Veer Singh and Mahesh Singh
marked Ex.PW23/DA and Ex.PW23/DB, respectively. The finding fails to
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notice that the aforesaid personal search memos are dated 5 March, 1996
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and the recovery of the sword was affected on 6 March, 1996. On 6
March, 1996, as per SI Bachchu Singh (PW23), residence of Veer Singh
and Mahesh Singh (acquitted) at Roshanara Building was searched but
nothing was recovered. Subsequently, on sustained interrogation the
appellant Veer Singh had disclosed that he had hidden the sword in the
space between the walls of the community centre and railway line as
recorded in the disclosure statement (Ex.PW23/J). Thereafter, the
appellant was taken to the spot and the sword lying between the two walls
was recovered. The sword itself was marked Ex.P7 and the sketch Exhibit
PW-7/A.
13. However, there is a riddled and perilous lapse and failure on the part
of the prosecution, which dents the prosecution version as the sword
recovered was not identified by the eye witnesses, Raj Kumar (PW1), Bal
Kishan (PW2), Narender Kumar (PW3), Om Parkash (PW4), Anant Ram
(PW-8), Rajesh Kumar (PW9) and Ajay Sharma (PW14). The only
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 9 of 17
witness, who has identified the sword (Exhibit P-7), is Rishi Kumar
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(PW7). He claims that at about 11 P.M. on 4 March, 1996 he had seen
the appellant-Veer Singh emerging from the crowd with a sword in his
hand. He had also seen Yoginder @ Gattu with a knife and Mahesh with
axe in his hand. They ran away from the spot. On going inside in the
crowd, he had seen Praveen lying with an injury on his ear. PW-7 had not
seen the actual occurrence and was not present when the offence occured.
Anil Kumar Sharma (PW-6), who had taken the deceased Praveen to the
hospital with Rishi Kumar (PW-7), has not deposed or professed having
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seen the sword. Subsequently, on 6 March, 1996 Rishi Kumar (PW-7)
claims that a sword was recovered from a gacha on the pointing out of the
appellant-Veer Singh. It is rather strange and unsual that as many as 7 eye-
witnesses namely Raj Kumar (PW-1), Bal Kishan (PW-2), Narender
Kumar (PW-3), Om Prakash (PW-4), Anant Ram (PW-8), Rajesh Kumar
(PW-9) and Ajay Sharma (PW-14) did not confirm and identify the sword.
Even Rishi Kumar did not in categorical terms state that the recovered
sword was the sword which he had seen in the hands of the appellant Veer
Singh, though it can be assumed that it may be the same sword.
Nevertheless silence and failure of the eye-witnesses to identify the sword
recovered as the sword used to perpetrate the offence does dent the
prosecution‟s case and creates doubt. There is also one more difficulty in
accepting the prosecution version. The FSL report marked Ex.PW21/B
and 21/C states that blood was too small for serological examination on
exhibit 4 described as the weapon of offence i.e. blood stained sword
having rusty brownish stains. The result of analysis does not affirm
detection of blood on the said exhibit. The author of the report did not
appear in the witness box and the FSL report was proved by Dr. V.K.
Goyal (PW21), Assistant Director (Biology), FSL, by identifying signature
of Dr. Rajendra Kumar at point A. Noticeably, the forwarding letter by
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 10 of 17
which opinion was sought by the Investigating Officer, marked
Ex.PW21/A, mentions exhibit 4 as the blood stained sword. This appears to
be the reason why the result of analysis which did not detect blood on the
sword, nonetheless records that blood was too small for serological
analysis. If the blood was detected on the sword, it should have been
specifically noted. The serological analysis report marked Ex.PW21/C
records presence of blood on the knife alleged to have been recovered at
the instance of Mahesh Singh (acquitted) through blood group could not be
ascertained on account of „no reaction‟.
14. In view of the aforesaid analysis, it has to be held that the
prosecution has not been able to show and establish that the sword
recovered pursuant to the disclosure statement of the appellant Veer Singh
marked Ex.PW23/J was the weapon of offence. Under sub-section (1) of
section 27 of the Arms Act, whoever uses any arm or ammunition in
contravention of section 5 can be punished with a term of imprisonment
not less than 5 years but which may extend to 7 years. The offender is also
liable to pay fine. Section 5 (1) of Arms act consists of clauses (a) and (b),
which are applicable to any fire arm or any other arms of such class or
description as may be prescribed. For the sake of completeness we are
reproducing in S.5 (1) and S. 27(1) of the Arms Act which read:-
“5. Licence for manufacture, sale, etc., of arms and
ammunition—
No person shall—
(a) [use, manufacture], sell, transfer, convert, repair, test or
prove, or
(b) expose or offer for sale or transfer or have in his possession
for sale, transfer, conversion, repair, test or proof, any firearms
or any other arms of such class or description as may be
prescribed or any ammunition unless he holds in this behalf a
licence issued in accordance with the provisions of this Act
and the rules made thereunder.
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27. Punishment for using arms, etc.—
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 11 of 17
(1) Whoever uses any arms or ammunition in contravention of
section 5 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term
which shall not be less than three years but which may extend
to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.”
It is clear that S.5(1) is contravened when a person uses a fire-arm or any
other arm of such class or description as is prescribed. A sword or a sharp-
edged weapon is not a fire-arm but could well qualify as any other arms of
“such class or description as is prescribed”. In the present case, in the
absence of the sword or sharp-edged weapon or even its precise
description, we do not know whether this requirement of S.5 (1) of the
Arms Act is violated. In the absence and failure of the prosecution to
establish that there was contravention of Section 5 (1) of the Arms Act, the
appellant has to be acquitted of the charge under Section 27 of the Arms
Act. In these circumstances conviction of the appellant Veer Singh under
Section 27 of the Arms Act would be unjustified because we do not know
what was the exact weapon used which has been described as a sword.
Benefit of doubt, therefore, would accrue and go to the appellant Veer
Singh on the said charge.
15. This conclusion of ours would not disturb finding of the trial court
that the appellant Veer Singh was the perpetrator, who had caused the
wound and injury to Praveen Kumar. However, the question which still
remains unanswered is whether the appellant is guilty of culpable homicide
simpliciter or culpable homicide amounting to murder. The reason given
by the trial court to reject applicability Exception VI is that the appellant
had acted in a cruel manner. Reference stands made to the post mortem
report (Ex.PW22/A) which records the depth of fatal injury as 10.5 cm
from the body surface. The injury was with a sharp edged weapon on a
vital organ of the body. The aforesaid reasoning in our opinion rightly
does not dispute that there was a sudden quarrel in which the appellant
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 12 of 17
Veer Singh was a paroxysmical participant, which is also the case of the
prosecution. There is no doubt that the appellant Veer Singh had come
with a sword or similar weapon. Mahipal Singh who stands acquitted was
armed with an axe or a similar weapon. The fight or quarrel was primarily
between Ajay Sharma (PW14), son of Anant Ram (PW8) and Yogesh @
Kallu who has been acquitted. The occasion was joyous as Holi festival
was being celebrated. Exchange of harsh words or perhaps abusive
language had enraged and was a precursor to the violence. The appellant
Veer Singh had come armed but he did not use the words like “let us kill
them”. The words used by Veer Singh were to the effect that “let us deal
with Praveen Kumar first”. In that sudden burst of anger, the sword or
similar weapon was used. On the question of nature and extent of injury,
the post mortem report marked Ex.PW22/A records an incise wound of 2.5
× 2 cm present on the left pinna. Internally the injuries had made a cut
thorough the temporal bone on left side and then cut the meninges of the
brain to enter the lateral surface of the left temporal lobe after perforation.
The depth of the injury was 10.5 cm., which reflects the injury was a result
of a hard strike with a sharp weapon. However, there are aspects of debate
i.e. whether the appellant Veer Singh wanted to cause the said injury or not
and others including Mahipal Singh (acquitted) with an axe or something
similar were also present. The reason why we hesitate and cannot give a
firm finding on the said aspects is the deposition of Dr. C.B. Dabas
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(PW22). He has stated that on 27 March, 1996, nearly 20 days after he
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had conducted the post mortem on the dead body Praveen Kumar on 6
March, 1996, he was shown the weapon of offence and, thereafter, opined
that injury No.1 and injury No.6 (superficial incised wound of 0.5 × 04 cm
in the left lumber region of front of abdomen) could have been caused by a
sharp edged weapon like the one examined by him. The second injury, it is
apparent, is not attributed to the appellant-Veer Singh. More importantly,
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 13 of 17
Mahesh Singh had an axe or similar weapon but this fact was not notified
and informed to Dr. C.B. Dabas (PW22). The factum that a knife was also
used in the occurrence was brought to the knowledge to the said doctor.
Therefore, the opinion expressed in the report marked Ex.PW22/C has to
be read with care and caution, for it is an opinion on the basis of partial
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facts being notified and informed to the said doctor. On 14 December,
1998, a suggestion was given to Dr. C.B. Dabas (PW22) that the weapon
Ex.P7 was not sharp. Dr. C.B. Dabas (PW22) negated the said suggestion
on stating that the front portion of 10.6 cm approximately was sharp on
both sides. However, PW22 accepted as correct that if the sword held by
hand had been struck laterally (horizontally), the wound would have been
more in length rather than deep. PW22 has accepted as correct that the
injury No. 1 had been caused by a vertical wound and not horizontal
wound. Though Dr. C.B. Dabas (PW22) avers that the wound could have
been caused by swinging the sword Ex.P7, he accepts the wound would
have been caused by piercing the sword vertically. A sword, we observe if
held and struck, normally would cause horizontal wound, unless the strike
is made by a vertical movement, which is not the usual way to bandish and
hit with a sword. None of the witnesses have deposed as to the manner of
the strike made with the sword. PW22 was recalled and further cross-
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examination was conducted on 29 November, 1999. He opined that width
of the wound should have between .5 cm to 1 cm at the level of the skull
bone but this opinion was given considering the size and width of the
weapon. Suggestions relying upon K.S. Narayan Reddy Forensic Medicine
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Toxicology, 16 Edition that perforating fractures were caused by fire arms
and pointed sharp weapon like daggers, knives or axe and such weapons
pass through both tables of the skull leaving more or less a clean cut
opening, the size and shape of which corresponds to the cross-saction of
the weapon used, were accepted. PW22 has agreed that the thickness of
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 14 of 17
the weapon i.e. sword produced was only 0.3 cm. Reference was then
made to N.J. Mod on Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology, that the stab
wound caused by a sharp pointed and cutting instrument have clean cut
edges which are almost parallel but slightly curved to each other like an
ellipse. PW22 agreed. Lastly, PW-22 asserted that in a punctured wound,
the length and breadth were similar and small and naked eye might show
variation in width of the wound not corresponding to the thickness of
weapon. PW22 asserted that injury No.1 was an incised wound and not a
punctured wound.
16. In view of the aforesaid evidence, it is submitted that during the free
for all, it is possible that Mahesh Singh (acquitted) may have used the axe
or the weapon in his hand. This contention may not appear to be acceptable
in view of the ocular version of the eye-witnesses, but there is merit in the
contention that was a free fight and jostling, which is apparent. Further, in
view of the nature of injury there could be some debate or doubt on
whether the injury in fact was caused by the sword or by the axe. Raj
Kumar (PW1), Bal Kishan (PW2), Narender Kumar (PW3), Om Parkash
(PW4), Rajesh Kumar (PW9) and Ajay Sharma (PW14) in their ocular
testimonies have stated that the appellant - Veer Singh had used a sword.
We do not doubt that the sword itself or something similar was used but
none of the witnesses had deposed that the sword was used vertically to
have caused the injury at the pinna and, thus, the deep vertical wound was
caused. Normally, one would use the sword horizontally and cause a
longer and not a deep vertical piercing wound. As per the death report of
Praveen Kumar marked Ex.PW26/B, he was a tall man of about 5‟10 of
height. It would be rather unusual for a person to use a sword vertically to
cause the said injury on a tall person like deceased, though we notice that
the appellant himself who was present in person in the court is equally
tall.
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 15 of 17
17. Intention to commit murder under clause 1 or bodily injury which
the offender is likely to cause death under Clause 2 of section 300 IPC it
can be said with a fair degree of certainty is missing. For invoking clause 3
of the section 300 IPC intention and actus for causing the injury suffered
by the victim should be proved and established. In this connection we note
that deceased Praveen Kumar was, in a way, a third party as he was not the
person who had grappled or quarrelled with Yogesh (acquitted) or any of
the accused. In fact, it was Ajay (PW14) son of Anant Ram (PW8) who
was involved in the said quarrel. Deceased Praveen Kumar had tried to
pacify the parties as was done on the earlier occasion by Yogender
(acquitted). There is, therefore, merit in the contention of the appellant
Veer Singh that the injury suffered would not have been the injury intended
to have been caused by the appellant. Our observations in this regard have
to be read with the observations in paragraph 16 above.
18. In view of the aforesaid facts and circumstances, we are inclined to
convert the conviction of the appellant from one under Section 300/302
IPC to Section 304, Part 1 IPC.
19. The last issue pertains to quantum of sentence which should be
awarded. It is noticeable that the appellant has already suffered
incarceration of about four years and six months and possibly would have
earned remission, which on calculation, it is pointed out would be slightly
more than one year. In normal circumstances, we would have asked the
appellant to surrender and undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of 8
years and not less. However, the offence was committed way back in 1996
and the appellant was released on bail after filing of the present appeal
sometime in the month of September, 2000 i.e. almost 15 years back. It is
not the case of the prosecution that the appellant Veer Singh is involved in
any other case or offence. Veer Singh is more than 60 years of age and we
notice that he has reformed and repented the occurrence.
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 16 of 17
20. In these circumstances, we accept the prayer of the appellant Veer
Singh that he should not be sent back to the prison to undergo further
rigorous imprisonment. The punishment already undergone would be
treated as adequate and the punishment awarded. However, the appellant
must pay fine/compensation of Rs.50,000/-, which shall be paid within a
period of 3 months from the date of pronouncement of judgment, failing
which, the appellant will undergo simple imprisonment of six months. The
fine if and once realised would be paid to the legal heirs of Praveen Kumar
as compensation.
21. With the aforesaid modification, the appeal is disposed of.
22. Copy of this judgment will be sent to the trial court for compliance.
(SANJIV KHANNA)
JUDGE
(R.K. GAUBA)
JUDGE
OCTOBER 09, 2015
VKR/NA
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 17 of 17
* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
+ CRL. A.No. 124/2000
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Reserved on: 4 September, 2015
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% Date of Decision: 9 October, 2015
VEER SINGH ..... Appellant
Through Mr. Praveer Singh, Advocate.
Versus
STATE ..... Respondent
Through Ms. Aashaa Tiwari, APP along with Inspector
Ramniwas, P.S. Roop Nagar.
CORAM:
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SANJIV KHANNA
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE R.K.GAUBA
SANJIV KHANNA, J.
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Veer Singh by the impugned judgment dated 18 January, 2000 has
been convicted under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC, for
short) for having committed murder of Praveen Kumar at about 11 P.M. on
th
4 March, 1996. The appellant-Veer Singh has also been convicted under
Section 27 of the Arms Act, 1959 for having used a sword to cause injuries
on the upper part of pinna adjoining the temporal region of Praveen
Kumar.
2. The factum that the deceased-Praveen Kumar had died a homicidal
death is discernibly established and proved from the Medical Legal Report
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(Exhibit PW-24/A) recorded at the Hindu Rao Hospital on 4 March, 1996
at 11.50 P.M. The said patient Praveen Kumar was brought by one Rishi
Kumar, who has deposed in the court as PW-7. The patient was
unconscious, pulse was not palpable, pupils were dilated and the heart beat
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 1 of 17
was absent. Praveen Kumar was declared as brought dead. Dr. V.P. Singh
(PW-24) proved the said MLC, in the handwriting of Dr. Tarun Sikri, who
had also signed at point „A‟. The post-mortem report of Praveen Kumar
marked Exhibit PW-22/A was proved by Dr. C.B. Dabas (PW-22), who
had conducted the post-mortem. As per the post-mortem report, the
following external injuries were noticed:-
1. One incised wound 2.5x2 cm over left pinna in upper
part and adjoining part of temporal region of scalp
anteriorly located 6 cm posterior to outer angle of left
eye.
2. Abrasion 2.5x2.5 over left side forehead.
3. Bruise 9x7 cm over upper inner aspect of right arm in
axille.
4. Abrasion 0.5x0.5 cm over lower back of right arm.
5. Abrasion 2x1 cm over back of right elbow.
6. Superficial incised wound 0.5x0.4 cm in left lumber
region of front of abdomen.
7. Abrasion 2x0.4 cm on right side front of abdomen in
lumber region.
On Internal Examination, with reference to injury No.
1 it was observed:
Injury No. 1 had cut through temporal bone on left side
and then cut the meninges over brain entered to lateral
surface of left temporal lobe of cerebrum and after
perforating through it cut through the piuatary fossa
and ended on its left side on inner surface of right
temporal frontal lobe upto a depth of 10.5 cm.
Injury No. 1 had caused the death of Praveen Kumar due to cranio-
cerebral damage. The said injury had cut through the temporal bone on the
left side and then the meninges over brain, etc. The injury was deep i.e had
a depth of 10.5 cm. We shall subsequently refer to the deposition of Dr.
C.B. Dabas (PW-22), when we determine the question of the offence
committed by the appellant Veer Singh.
3. There is ample evidence and material to show that there was a
grapple and a free fight between two groups at about 11 P.M. in front of
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 2 of 17
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Roshanara Building on the night before Holi, i.e., 4 March, 1996. In this
quarrel which had erupted while Holi fire was burning, that the fatal
penetrating injury No. 1 was penetrated on the left pinna of Praveen
Kumar. Three others Mahesh Singh, Yogesh @ Kallu and Yogender @
Gattu were also charge sheeted and had faced prosecution, but stand
acquitted by the impugned judgement, as sharing of common intention for
invoking Section 34 IPC was not proved and established beyond
reasonable doubt. The impugned judgment accentuates several infirmities
to hold that the said acquitted accused had not overtly or covertly acted to
provoke or facilitate the fatal attack on Praveen Kumar and in fact no
exhortation stood attributed to them. Learned counsel for the appellant-
Veer Singh has highlighted observations in paragraph 21 of the impugned
judgment wherein it has been held that the evidence of recovery of weapon
appeared to be doubtful and the eye-witness version did not appear reliable
against the acquitted accused Mahesh Singh and Yogender. The contention
is that in spite of ascribing unpropitious and bleak opinion as to the version
of the eye witnesses, it has been held that the appellant-Veer Singh had
caused the fatal injury on the pinna of Praveen Kumar. Our attention was
drawn to paragraphs 26 to 28 of the impugned judgment. Apropos to
paragraph 32, it was submitted that the trial court has disbelieved evidence
of recovery of the sword, but still held that appellant-Veer Singh had used
a sharp weapon like a knife or a sword. Paragraph 32 of the impugned
judgment reads as under:-
“32. Even though I have disbelieved the evidence of
recovery of sword, it is obvious that Veer Singh had
used a sharp weapon like knife or sword. The mere
fact that the recovery of such weapon has not been
proved, cannot exonerate him.”
Additional Public Prosecutor has contested and challenged the said
submissions, relying upon the eye witness‟s description of the events.
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 3 of 17
4. We proceed to examine the evidence and material on record. Raj
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Kumar Sharma (PW-1) has deposed that on 4 March, 1996 at about 10.30
P.M. he along with other persons in the locality were preparing to alight
the Holi fire. At that time when Ajay and Yogesh (acquitted) were
dancing, a scuffle took place between the two. One Rajesh and Yogender
(acquitted) had intervened and separated them. At about 11 P.M. there was
heated exchange of words between Ajay and Yogender (acquitted). On
this Yogesh (acquitted) ran towards his house and returned with his father
Mahesh, who had an axe in his hand and the appellant Veer Singh, who
had an open sword. The deceased Praveen Kumar at that time was trying
to intervene and separate Yogender (acquitted) and Ajay. Mahesh
(acquitted) had caught hold of Praveen Kumar and questioned why he
(Praveen Kumar) was siding with Yogesh etc. The appellant-Veer Singh
had then urged that they should first settle with Praveen Kumar and stuck
the sword on the left side pinna of Praveen Kumar, who started bleeding
profusely. Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1) ran towards Mahesh (acquitted), and
Yogender (acquitted) took out a knife and struck PW-1 on the left side of
the face and chest. Others also suffered injuries. Raju, elder brother of
Ajay, had managed to snatch a danda from Yogesh (acquitted) and had
given blows to Mahesh (acquitted) and Yogender (acquitted). People
present raised an alarm. In the meanwhile, Rishi Kumar (PW-7) arrived at
the spot along with his cousin Anil Kumar Sharma (PW-6) and took
Praveen Kumar to a hospital in a three wheeler scooter. Police was
informed and Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1) was taken to the Hindu Rao
Hospital in a PCR van for treatment. Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1) testified
that Mahesh (acquitted), Yogender (acquitted) and Veer Singh, had also
arrived at the hospital and they were detained by the police. Subsequently,
SI Bachu Singh (PW-23) came to the hospital and recorded his statement
(Exhibit PW-1/A), which became the substance of the FIR. In his cross-
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 4 of 17
examination, Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1) affirmed that he knew the family
of Veer Singh since childhood and there was no enmity between the family
of Veer Singh and the deceased Praveen Kumar. He has also accepted that
when they had proceeded to alight the Holi fire, elders were present and the
atmosphere was joyous. Drums were being beaten. Earlier or at the first
instance, there was no physical scuffle between Ajay and Yogesh
(acquitted), and disparaging words were exchanged in the presence of
about 100 persons. He denied the suggestion that appellant-Veer Singh was
not armed with a sword and had a hollow aluminium pipe of a TV antenna
in his hand. Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1) affirmed that he had seen only one
injury on the body of Praveen Kumar and did not see any other injury
being inflicted. He denied that Praveen Kumar was injured by others who
had come to join the Holi celebrations. However, PW-1 has accepted that
Mahesh and Yogender (both acquitted) and the appellant-Veer Singh were
injured when they had come to the hospital, for the injuries were visible
and they were given medical treatment.
5. Similar statement is made by Bal Kishan (PW-2) about the
th
occurrence at about 11 P.M. on 4 March, 1996 at the time of Holi. Bal
Kishan (PW-2) has deposed that the appellant-Veer Singh had a sword.
Mahesh (acquitted) had caught hold of the deceased Praveen Kumar and
had berated why Praveen Kumar had intervened. At that time, appellant-
Veer Singh had stated “let us first see Praveen Kumar” and struck him
(Praveen Kumar) with a sword on his left pinna. Praveen Kumar started
bleeding and fell down. Bal Kishan (PW-2) reiterates that others had
suffered injuries. Praveen Kumar was taken to the hospital in a three
wheeler scooter. PW-2 affirmed that Ajay had given danda blows on the
head of Mahesh (acquitted) and Yogender (acquitted), but denied the
suggestion that the appellant-Veer Singh had not attacked Praveen Kumar.
6. Identically, Narender Kumar (PW-3) has referred to Mahesh‟s
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 5 of 17
(acquitted) scorn on Praveen Kumar for he used to side with Ajay and that
he would see Praveen Kumar. Veer Singh, PW-3 affirmed, had attacked
Praveen Kumar with a sword on his left pinna. Yogender (acquitted) had
taken out a knife from his pocket and inflicted injuries on others, including
Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1). He denied the suggestion that the appellant-
Veer Singh was not having a sword, but had an aluminium rod.
7. Om Parkash (PW-4) is equally assertive and has deposed that the
appellant-Veer Singh had reprimanded Praveen Kumar verbally and then
had struck the sword on his left pinna, upon which Praveen Kumar started
bleeding profusely. Om Parkash (PW-4) in his cross-examination has
accepted that he did not remember the direction of the face of Praveen
Kumar at the time of assault, though Veer Singh had attacked him from the
front side. Om Parkash (PW-4) has denied that Praveen Kumar had
suffered seven injuries or that a riot took place or that Praveen Kumar had
suffered injuries in the said riot.
8. Anil Kumar Sharma (PW-6) and Rishi Kumar (PW-7) have deposed
that they arrived at the spot after the occurrence had taken place. Rishi
Kumar (PW-7), professes having seen the appellant-Veer Singh with a
sword in his hand, when he was present with others, who stand acquitted.
He had subsequently seen the deceased-Praveen Kumar lying in an injured
condition and had taken him to the hospital. Rishi Kumar (PW-7) has
testified that Veer Singh had got the sword recovered from the space
between the boundary wall of the community centre and the railway line.
The sketch of the sword was marked Exhibit PW-7/C. It is also noticeable
that Rishi Kumar (PW-7) claims that Mahesh (acquitted) had an axe in his
hand. Testimony of Rishi Kumar (PW-7) has been examined in detail in
para 12. Similar assertion is made by Raj Kumar Sharma (PW-1). Narender
Kumar (PW-3) also supports the factual position that Mahesh (acquitted)
had an axe in his hand. Om Parkash (PW-4) too affirms that Mahesh
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 6 of 17
(acquitted) had some axe like weapon in his hand.
9. Anant Ram (PW-8), who asserts that he was present at the time of
occurrence, reiterates that Mahesh (acquitted) had an axe like thing in his
hand, while appellant-Veer Singh was armed with a sword. Anant Ram
(PW-8) attributes the actual strike on the left pinna of Praveen Kumar to
the appellant-Veer Singh with a sword. Anant Ram (PW-8) denied the
suggestion that appellant-Veer Singh had an aluminium rod in his hand.
10. Rajesh Kumar (PW-9) identified the appellant-Veer Singh as the
perpetrator who had an open sword in his hand, whereas Mahesh
(acquitted) was having something like an axe. Mahesh (acquitted) had
pulled Praveen Kumar and had taunted him for taking sides and on this
appellant-Veer Singh had stated that would see Praveen Kumar first. Veer
Singh had attacked Praveen Kumar with a sword, which had struck
Praveen Kumar‟s left pinna. Praveen Kumar started bleeding. Yogender
(acquitted) had taken out a knife from his pocket and attacked Raj Kumar
Sharma (PW-1). Rajesh Kumar (PW-9) snatched a danda from Yogesh
(acquitted) and had furiously waived it. Praveen Kumar was removed to
the hospital in an auto rickshaw. In his cross-examination, Rajesh Kumar
(PW-9) has accepted that Praveen Kumar was not a party to the dispute and
that appellant-Veer Singh was standing behind Mahesh (acquitted) when
he had uttered that they should see the deceased Praveen first. Upon this,
Praveen Kumar had turned backwards and thereafter the injury was caused
by the sword. Rajesh Kumar (PW-9) had also gone to the hospital at about
12 mid-night and had seen the appellant-Veer Singh, Mahesh (acquitted)
and Yogender (acquitted) in the hospital. They were in police custody.
11. Ajay Sharma (PW-14) has deposed that on 04.02.96 at about 10:30
PM he along with others was dancing and beating drum on the occasion of
Holi. Accidently his elbow had struck Yogesh @ Kallu who started
abusing and beating him. Rajesh, his elder brother came to rescue PW-14
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 7 of 17
and an altercation took place. Praveen Kumar and his brother Raj Kumar
had intervened to separate them. Thereafter, again an altercation
developed, when Yoginder @ Gattu, who was also present there, started
abusing and threatening PW-14. Rajesh, Praveen and Raj Kumar had
thereupon tried to rescue PW-14. In the meantime Yogesh @ Kallu ran
towards his house and brought his father Mahesh who had an axe and uncle
Veer Singh who was having an open sword. As soon as they arrived,
Mahesh (acquitted) took him in his grip from behind with both hands and
remarked that the deceased Praveen took sides too often. Veer Singh
attacked Praveen with the words “let us see him first”. The blow of the
sword fell on the left pinna of Praveen, who started bleeding profusely. As
soon as Raj Kumar came forward to save Praveen, Yoginder @ Gattu had
attacked Raj Kumar with a knife. The knife blow fell on his left cheek and
Raj Kumar sustained injuries on his finger in an effort to save himself.
Brother of PW-14 snatched the danda from the hands of accused Rajesh @
Kallu (Yogesh @ Kallu) and attacked the all the accused persons in order
to scare them away. People present there raised an alarm. The accused ran
away from the spot. In his cross-examination Ajay Sharma (PW-14) has
accepted that he knew all the accused since childhood as they were living
in the same building. He denied that Veer Singh had an aluminium rod in
his hand. PW-14 claims that he did not run away after he saw Veer Singh
with a sword because Yoginder @ Gattu had caught hold of him by his
collar.
12. The contention that the appellant, in view of the doubt expressed
regarding recovery of the weapon of the offence i.e. the sword, an order of
acquittal would be correct and justified, is unacceptable and fallacious. We
record our inability to accept the said contention in light of the categorical
and compelling evidence against the appellant Veer Singh as the person
who had inflicted an injury with the sword on the deceased Praveen
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 8 of 17
Kumar. The said definitive assertion finds abundant corroboration from the
ocular testimony of even outsiders like Rajesh Kumar (PW9) and Ajay
Sharma (PW14). We also express our reservation on the argument relying
on paragraph 32 of the impugned judgment. The trial court it is pertinent
has convicted Veer Singh under Section 27 of the Arms Act. Thus, the fact
that the appellant Veer Singh had yielded a sword or a sharp edged weapon
and inflicted an injury on the deceased Praveen Kumar cannot be doubted.
The eye-witnesses in seriatim have stated that the blow was directed
towards the left pinna. The reason given in the impugned judgment to
doubt and reject recovery of the sword is the failure to join an independent
public witnesses, namely, Udaibir Singh and Hundi Lal, who had earlier
witnessed the personal search memos of Veer Singh and Mahesh Singh
marked Ex.PW23/DA and Ex.PW23/DB, respectively. The finding fails to
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notice that the aforesaid personal search memos are dated 5 March, 1996
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and the recovery of the sword was affected on 6 March, 1996. On 6
March, 1996, as per SI Bachchu Singh (PW23), residence of Veer Singh
and Mahesh Singh (acquitted) at Roshanara Building was searched but
nothing was recovered. Subsequently, on sustained interrogation the
appellant Veer Singh had disclosed that he had hidden the sword in the
space between the walls of the community centre and railway line as
recorded in the disclosure statement (Ex.PW23/J). Thereafter, the
appellant was taken to the spot and the sword lying between the two walls
was recovered. The sword itself was marked Ex.P7 and the sketch Exhibit
PW-7/A.
13. However, there is a riddled and perilous lapse and failure on the part
of the prosecution, which dents the prosecution version as the sword
recovered was not identified by the eye witnesses, Raj Kumar (PW1), Bal
Kishan (PW2), Narender Kumar (PW3), Om Parkash (PW4), Anant Ram
(PW-8), Rajesh Kumar (PW9) and Ajay Sharma (PW14). The only
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 9 of 17
witness, who has identified the sword (Exhibit P-7), is Rishi Kumar
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(PW7). He claims that at about 11 P.M. on 4 March, 1996 he had seen
the appellant-Veer Singh emerging from the crowd with a sword in his
hand. He had also seen Yoginder @ Gattu with a knife and Mahesh with
axe in his hand. They ran away from the spot. On going inside in the
crowd, he had seen Praveen lying with an injury on his ear. PW-7 had not
seen the actual occurrence and was not present when the offence occured.
Anil Kumar Sharma (PW-6), who had taken the deceased Praveen to the
hospital with Rishi Kumar (PW-7), has not deposed or professed having
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seen the sword. Subsequently, on 6 March, 1996 Rishi Kumar (PW-7)
claims that a sword was recovered from a gacha on the pointing out of the
appellant-Veer Singh. It is rather strange and unsual that as many as 7 eye-
witnesses namely Raj Kumar (PW-1), Bal Kishan (PW-2), Narender
Kumar (PW-3), Om Prakash (PW-4), Anant Ram (PW-8), Rajesh Kumar
(PW-9) and Ajay Sharma (PW-14) did not confirm and identify the sword.
Even Rishi Kumar did not in categorical terms state that the recovered
sword was the sword which he had seen in the hands of the appellant Veer
Singh, though it can be assumed that it may be the same sword.
Nevertheless silence and failure of the eye-witnesses to identify the sword
recovered as the sword used to perpetrate the offence does dent the
prosecution‟s case and creates doubt. There is also one more difficulty in
accepting the prosecution version. The FSL report marked Ex.PW21/B
and 21/C states that blood was too small for serological examination on
exhibit 4 described as the weapon of offence i.e. blood stained sword
having rusty brownish stains. The result of analysis does not affirm
detection of blood on the said exhibit. The author of the report did not
appear in the witness box and the FSL report was proved by Dr. V.K.
Goyal (PW21), Assistant Director (Biology), FSL, by identifying signature
of Dr. Rajendra Kumar at point A. Noticeably, the forwarding letter by
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 10 of 17
which opinion was sought by the Investigating Officer, marked
Ex.PW21/A, mentions exhibit 4 as the blood stained sword. This appears to
be the reason why the result of analysis which did not detect blood on the
sword, nonetheless records that blood was too small for serological
analysis. If the blood was detected on the sword, it should have been
specifically noted. The serological analysis report marked Ex.PW21/C
records presence of blood on the knife alleged to have been recovered at
the instance of Mahesh Singh (acquitted) through blood group could not be
ascertained on account of „no reaction‟.
14. In view of the aforesaid analysis, it has to be held that the
prosecution has not been able to show and establish that the sword
recovered pursuant to the disclosure statement of the appellant Veer Singh
marked Ex.PW23/J was the weapon of offence. Under sub-section (1) of
section 27 of the Arms Act, whoever uses any arm or ammunition in
contravention of section 5 can be punished with a term of imprisonment
not less than 5 years but which may extend to 7 years. The offender is also
liable to pay fine. Section 5 (1) of Arms act consists of clauses (a) and (b),
which are applicable to any fire arm or any other arms of such class or
description as may be prescribed. For the sake of completeness we are
reproducing in S.5 (1) and S. 27(1) of the Arms Act which read:-
“5. Licence for manufacture, sale, etc., of arms and
ammunition—
No person shall—
(a) [use, manufacture], sell, transfer, convert, repair, test or
prove, or
(b) expose or offer for sale or transfer or have in his possession
for sale, transfer, conversion, repair, test or proof, any firearms
or any other arms of such class or description as may be
prescribed or any ammunition unless he holds in this behalf a
licence issued in accordance with the provisions of this Act
and the rules made thereunder.
xxxxxxx
27. Punishment for using arms, etc.—
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 11 of 17
(1) Whoever uses any arms or ammunition in contravention of
section 5 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term
which shall not be less than three years but which may extend
to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.”
It is clear that S.5(1) is contravened when a person uses a fire-arm or any
other arm of such class or description as is prescribed. A sword or a sharp-
edged weapon is not a fire-arm but could well qualify as any other arms of
“such class or description as is prescribed”. In the present case, in the
absence of the sword or sharp-edged weapon or even its precise
description, we do not know whether this requirement of S.5 (1) of the
Arms Act is violated. In the absence and failure of the prosecution to
establish that there was contravention of Section 5 (1) of the Arms Act, the
appellant has to be acquitted of the charge under Section 27 of the Arms
Act. In these circumstances conviction of the appellant Veer Singh under
Section 27 of the Arms Act would be unjustified because we do not know
what was the exact weapon used which has been described as a sword.
Benefit of doubt, therefore, would accrue and go to the appellant Veer
Singh on the said charge.
15. This conclusion of ours would not disturb finding of the trial court
that the appellant Veer Singh was the perpetrator, who had caused the
wound and injury to Praveen Kumar. However, the question which still
remains unanswered is whether the appellant is guilty of culpable homicide
simpliciter or culpable homicide amounting to murder. The reason given
by the trial court to reject applicability Exception VI is that the appellant
had acted in a cruel manner. Reference stands made to the post mortem
report (Ex.PW22/A) which records the depth of fatal injury as 10.5 cm
from the body surface. The injury was with a sharp edged weapon on a
vital organ of the body. The aforesaid reasoning in our opinion rightly
does not dispute that there was a sudden quarrel in which the appellant
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 12 of 17
Veer Singh was a paroxysmical participant, which is also the case of the
prosecution. There is no doubt that the appellant Veer Singh had come
with a sword or similar weapon. Mahipal Singh who stands acquitted was
armed with an axe or a similar weapon. The fight or quarrel was primarily
between Ajay Sharma (PW14), son of Anant Ram (PW8) and Yogesh @
Kallu who has been acquitted. The occasion was joyous as Holi festival
was being celebrated. Exchange of harsh words or perhaps abusive
language had enraged and was a precursor to the violence. The appellant
Veer Singh had come armed but he did not use the words like “let us kill
them”. The words used by Veer Singh were to the effect that “let us deal
with Praveen Kumar first”. In that sudden burst of anger, the sword or
similar weapon was used. On the question of nature and extent of injury,
the post mortem report marked Ex.PW22/A records an incise wound of 2.5
× 2 cm present on the left pinna. Internally the injuries had made a cut
thorough the temporal bone on left side and then cut the meninges of the
brain to enter the lateral surface of the left temporal lobe after perforation.
The depth of the injury was 10.5 cm., which reflects the injury was a result
of a hard strike with a sharp weapon. However, there are aspects of debate
i.e. whether the appellant Veer Singh wanted to cause the said injury or not
and others including Mahipal Singh (acquitted) with an axe or something
similar were also present. The reason why we hesitate and cannot give a
firm finding on the said aspects is the deposition of Dr. C.B. Dabas
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(PW22). He has stated that on 27 March, 1996, nearly 20 days after he
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had conducted the post mortem on the dead body Praveen Kumar on 6
March, 1996, he was shown the weapon of offence and, thereafter, opined
that injury No.1 and injury No.6 (superficial incised wound of 0.5 × 04 cm
in the left lumber region of front of abdomen) could have been caused by a
sharp edged weapon like the one examined by him. The second injury, it is
apparent, is not attributed to the appellant-Veer Singh. More importantly,
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 13 of 17
Mahesh Singh had an axe or similar weapon but this fact was not notified
and informed to Dr. C.B. Dabas (PW22). The factum that a knife was also
used in the occurrence was brought to the knowledge to the said doctor.
Therefore, the opinion expressed in the report marked Ex.PW22/C has to
be read with care and caution, for it is an opinion on the basis of partial
th
facts being notified and informed to the said doctor. On 14 December,
1998, a suggestion was given to Dr. C.B. Dabas (PW22) that the weapon
Ex.P7 was not sharp. Dr. C.B. Dabas (PW22) negated the said suggestion
on stating that the front portion of 10.6 cm approximately was sharp on
both sides. However, PW22 accepted as correct that if the sword held by
hand had been struck laterally (horizontally), the wound would have been
more in length rather than deep. PW22 has accepted as correct that the
injury No. 1 had been caused by a vertical wound and not horizontal
wound. Though Dr. C.B. Dabas (PW22) avers that the wound could have
been caused by swinging the sword Ex.P7, he accepts the wound would
have been caused by piercing the sword vertically. A sword, we observe if
held and struck, normally would cause horizontal wound, unless the strike
is made by a vertical movement, which is not the usual way to bandish and
hit with a sword. None of the witnesses have deposed as to the manner of
the strike made with the sword. PW22 was recalled and further cross-
th
examination was conducted on 29 November, 1999. He opined that width
of the wound should have between .5 cm to 1 cm at the level of the skull
bone but this opinion was given considering the size and width of the
weapon. Suggestions relying upon K.S. Narayan Reddy Forensic Medicine
th
Toxicology, 16 Edition that perforating fractures were caused by fire arms
and pointed sharp weapon like daggers, knives or axe and such weapons
pass through both tables of the skull leaving more or less a clean cut
opening, the size and shape of which corresponds to the cross-saction of
the weapon used, were accepted. PW22 has agreed that the thickness of
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 14 of 17
the weapon i.e. sword produced was only 0.3 cm. Reference was then
made to N.J. Mod on Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology, that the stab
wound caused by a sharp pointed and cutting instrument have clean cut
edges which are almost parallel but slightly curved to each other like an
ellipse. PW22 agreed. Lastly, PW-22 asserted that in a punctured wound,
the length and breadth were similar and small and naked eye might show
variation in width of the wound not corresponding to the thickness of
weapon. PW22 asserted that injury No.1 was an incised wound and not a
punctured wound.
16. In view of the aforesaid evidence, it is submitted that during the free
for all, it is possible that Mahesh Singh (acquitted) may have used the axe
or the weapon in his hand. This contention may not appear to be acceptable
in view of the ocular version of the eye-witnesses, but there is merit in the
contention that was a free fight and jostling, which is apparent. Further, in
view of the nature of injury there could be some debate or doubt on
whether the injury in fact was caused by the sword or by the axe. Raj
Kumar (PW1), Bal Kishan (PW2), Narender Kumar (PW3), Om Parkash
(PW4), Rajesh Kumar (PW9) and Ajay Sharma (PW14) in their ocular
testimonies have stated that the appellant - Veer Singh had used a sword.
We do not doubt that the sword itself or something similar was used but
none of the witnesses had deposed that the sword was used vertically to
have caused the injury at the pinna and, thus, the deep vertical wound was
caused. Normally, one would use the sword horizontally and cause a
longer and not a deep vertical piercing wound. As per the death report of
Praveen Kumar marked Ex.PW26/B, he was a tall man of about 5‟10 of
height. It would be rather unusual for a person to use a sword vertically to
cause the said injury on a tall person like deceased, though we notice that
the appellant himself who was present in person in the court is equally
tall.
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 15 of 17
17. Intention to commit murder under clause 1 or bodily injury which
the offender is likely to cause death under Clause 2 of section 300 IPC it
can be said with a fair degree of certainty is missing. For invoking clause 3
of the section 300 IPC intention and actus for causing the injury suffered
by the victim should be proved and established. In this connection we note
that deceased Praveen Kumar was, in a way, a third party as he was not the
person who had grappled or quarrelled with Yogesh (acquitted) or any of
the accused. In fact, it was Ajay (PW14) son of Anant Ram (PW8) who
was involved in the said quarrel. Deceased Praveen Kumar had tried to
pacify the parties as was done on the earlier occasion by Yogender
(acquitted). There is, therefore, merit in the contention of the appellant
Veer Singh that the injury suffered would not have been the injury intended
to have been caused by the appellant. Our observations in this regard have
to be read with the observations in paragraph 16 above.
18. In view of the aforesaid facts and circumstances, we are inclined to
convert the conviction of the appellant from one under Section 300/302
IPC to Section 304, Part 1 IPC.
19. The last issue pertains to quantum of sentence which should be
awarded. It is noticeable that the appellant has already suffered
incarceration of about four years and six months and possibly would have
earned remission, which on calculation, it is pointed out would be slightly
more than one year. In normal circumstances, we would have asked the
appellant to surrender and undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of 8
years and not less. However, the offence was committed way back in 1996
and the appellant was released on bail after filing of the present appeal
sometime in the month of September, 2000 i.e. almost 15 years back. It is
not the case of the prosecution that the appellant Veer Singh is involved in
any other case or offence. Veer Singh is more than 60 years of age and we
notice that he has reformed and repented the occurrence.
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 16 of 17
20. In these circumstances, we accept the prayer of the appellant Veer
Singh that he should not be sent back to the prison to undergo further
rigorous imprisonment. The punishment already undergone would be
treated as adequate and the punishment awarded. However, the appellant
must pay fine/compensation of Rs.50,000/-, which shall be paid within a
period of 3 months from the date of pronouncement of judgment, failing
which, the appellant will undergo simple imprisonment of six months. The
fine if and once realised would be paid to the legal heirs of Praveen Kumar
as compensation.
21. With the aforesaid modification, the appeal is disposed of.
22. Copy of this judgment will be sent to the trial court for compliance.
(SANJIV KHANNA)
JUDGE
(R.K. GAUBA)
JUDGE
OCTOBER 09, 2015
VKR/NA
CRL.A. No. 124/2000 Page 17 of 17