LAL BAHADUR GAUTAM vs. THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 08-05-2019

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO(s). 4794 OF 2019 (arising out of SLP (Civil) No(s). 9527 of 2018) LAL BAHADUR GAUTAM ...APPELLANT VERSUS STATE OF U.P. AND OTHERS     ...RESPONDENT(S) JUDGMENT NAVIN SINHA, J. Delay condoned.  Leave granted. 2. The appellant, a lecturer in a private unaided college affiliated to the Chaudhary Charan Singh University (hereinafter referred to as   ‘the   CCS   University’),   Meerut   under   the   Uttar   Pradesh   State Universities Act, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”), assails his   termination   dated   24.04.2017   as   being   contrary   to   the provisions of the Act.  Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by NARENDRA PRASAD Date: 2019.05.08 19:25:30 IST Reason: 3. Learned counsel for the appellant submits that the termination was in violation of Section 35(2) of the Act as no prior approval had 1 been taken.  The High Court erred in holding that the writ petition was   not   maintainable.     The   earlier   order   of   termination   dated 04.06.2015   had   been   set   aside   by   the   Vice­Chancellor   on 16.07.2016 for that reason and as also being in violation of Rule No. 16.06 of the University Regulations.  The order had attained finality in absence of any challenge by the respondent management. 4. Learned  counsel  for  the  respondent management submitted that   the   writ   petition   was   not   maintainable   against   a   private unaided college as it was not “State” within the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution.  The order of the High Court does not call for any interference.   There can be no enforcement of a contract of personal service.   There was a simple relationship of master and servant.   The departmental proceedings were held in accordance with   law.     The   managing   committee   of   the   college   was   not   a statutory body.   Reliance was placed on   Executive Committee of Vaish Degree College, Shamli and others vs. Lakshmi Narain and others , (1976) 2 SCC 58. 2 5. We have considered the submissions on behalf of the parties. The High Court held that merely because of affiliation to the CCS University, the writ petition was not maintainable against a private unaided college. The order is cryptic, non­speaking and devoid of any consideration of the statutory provisions of the Act. The effect and   consequences   of   the   order   of   the   Vice­Chancellor   dated 16.07.2016 has also not been considered. 6. The respondent college terminated the services of the appellant on 04.06.2015 by a non­speaking order with immediate effect.  The appellant   approached   the   Vice­Chancellor   who   after   hearing   the college, held that prior approval not having been obtained under Section 35(2) of the Act read with Rule No. 16.06 of the University Regulations, the termination was bad and set it aside. But, because there were serious allegations of financial misappropriation, liberty was granted to the management to hold departmental proceedings. The   management   accepted   the   order   and   initiated   departmental proceedings   culminating   in   a   fresh   order   of   termination   dated 24.04.2017.  The fresh order of termination was again in violation of the provisions of the Act and the Regulations of the CCS University. 3 7. Section 35(2) of the Act in its relevant extract reads as:
35. Conditions of service of teachers of
affiliated or associated colleges other than those
maintained by Government or local authority. ­
(1) Every teacher in an affiliated or associated
college (other than a college maintained exclusively
by the State Government)shall be appointed under
a written contract which shall contain such terms
and conditions as may be prescribed. The contract
shall be lodged with the University and a copy
thereof shall be given to the teacher concerned, and
another copy thereof shall be retained by the
college concerned.
(2) Every decision of the Management of such
college to dismiss or remove a teacher or to reduce
him in rank or to punish him in any other manner
shall before it is communicated to him, be reported
to the Vice­Chancellor and shall not take effect
unless it has been approved by the Vice­Chancellor.
XXXXX”
8. The college being affiliated to the University was bound by the provisions   of   the   Act   with   its   attendant   consequences   for   non­ compliance.   The   college   having   accepted   the   order   of   the   Vice­ Chancellor   and   acted   upon   the   same   by   holding   departmental proceedings cannot urge that it is bound by one part of the order and not the other.  It cannot have the benefit of the order without complying with its obligations under the order. A bare reading of the statutory  provision  makes   it  manifest  that  prior  approval of the 4 Vice­Chancellor was mandatory before termination of the appellant. If the management of the college opined otherwise, it ought to have challenged the order of the Vice­Chancellor dated 16.07.2016, if such a challenge was maintainable.   Having allowed the order to attain finality, it is not open for the college management to now urge that   it   was   not   bound   to   follow   the   procedure.   The   order   of termination dated 24.04.2017 being in teeth of Section 35(2) of the Act is patently unsustainable.  9. Reliance on  Lakshmi Narain  (supra) is completely misplaced. It has no application whatsoever to the present case either on facts or in law.  The  order  of  termination  in  the  said  case  was  dated 29.03.1967   and   was   made   under   the   provisions   of   the   Agra Universities Act, 1926 which had no similar provisions as Section 35(2) of the Act.  Additionally, the Agra Universities Act, 1926 has been   repealed   by   Section   74(1)(c)   of   the   Act.     It   is   indeed unfortunate   that   the   learned   counsel   for   the   respondent management   has   sought   to   rely   upon   a   judgment   under   the repealed Act.  The admitted position in Lakshmi Narain (supra) was that the management of the college was not bound by the statutes 5 and the provisions of the Agra Universities Act, 1926 but was merely following the same as a matter of convention.  Statute 14(A) of the Agra University Hand Book also did not contain any provisions like Section 35(2) of the Act. “Statute 14(A): Each college, already affiliated or when   affiliated,   which   is   not   maintained exclusively   by   government   must   be   under   the management of a regularly constituted governing body   (which   includes   managing   committee)   on which the staff of the college shall be represented by the principal of the college and at least one representative of the teachers of the college to be appointed   by   rotation   in   order   of   seniority determined  by  length  of  service  in  the   college, who shall hold office for one academic year.” 10. Before parting with the order, we are constrained to observe regarding the manner of assistance rendered to us on behalf of the respondent management of the private college.  Notwithstanding the easy   access   to   information   technology   for   research   today,   as compared to the plethora of legal Digests which had to be studied earlier, reliance was placed upon a judgment based on an expressly repealed Act by the present Act, akin to relying on an overruled 6 judgment.  This has only resulted in a waste of judicial time of the Court,   coupled   with   an   onerous   duty   on   the   judges   to   do   the necessary research.  We would not be completely wrong in opining that though it may be negligence also, but the consequences could have been fatal by misleading the Court leading to an erroneous judgment.  11. Simply,   failure   in   that   duty   is   a  wrong   against   the   justice delivery system in the country. Considering that over the years, responsibility and care on this score has shown a decline, and so despite the fact that justice is so important for the Society, it is time that we took note of the problem, and considered such steps to remedy the problem. We reiterate the duty of the parties and their Counsel, at all levels, to double check and verify before making any presentation   to   the   Court.   The   message   must   be   sent   out   that everyone has to be responsible and careful in what they present to the Court.  Time has come for these issues to be considered so that the citizen’s faith in the justice system is not lost.  It is also for the Courts at all levels to consider whether a particular presentation by 7 a party or conduct by a party has occasioned unnecessary waste of court time, and if that be so, pass appropriate orders in that regard. After all court time is to be utilized for justice delivery and in the adversarial system, is not a licence for waste. 12.  As a responsible officer of the Court and an important adjunct of the administration of justice, the lawyer undoubtedly owes a duty to the Court as well as to the opposite side.   He has to be fair to ensure that justice is done.  He demeans himself if he acts merely as a mouthpiece of his client as observed in   State of Punjab & (2016) 6 SCC 1: ­ Ors. vs. Brijeshwar Singh Chahal & Ors.,  “34.…relationship between the lawyer and his client is one of trust and confidence.   As a responsible officer of the court and an important adjunct of the administration of justice, the lawyer also owes a duty to the court as well as to the opposite side.  He has to be fair to ensure that justice is done.   He demeans himself if he acts merely as mouthpiece of his client…..” 13. The observations with regard to the duty of a counsel and the high degree of fairness and probity required was noticed in   D.P. 8   (2001) 2 SCC Chadha vs. Triyugi Narain Mishra and others, 221: ­  “22. A mere error of judgment or expression of a reasonable   opinion   or   taking   a   stand   on   a doubtful   or   debatable   issue   of   law   is   not   a misconduct; the term takes its colour from the underlying   intention.     But   at   the   same   time misconduct   is   not   necessarily   something involving moral turpitude.  It is a relative term to be construed by reference to the subject­matter and the context wherein the term is called upon to   be   employed.     A   lawyer   in   discharging   his professional assignment has a duty to his client, a duty to his opponent, a duty to the court, a duty to the society at large and a duty to himself. It needs a high degree of probity and poise to strike   a   balance   and   arrive   at   the   place   of righteous   stand,   more   so,   when   there   are conflicting claims.  While discharging duty to the court,   a   lawyer   should   never   knowingly   be   a party to any deception, design or fraud.   While placing the law before the court a lawyer is at liberty to put forth a proposition and canvass the same to the best of his wits and ability so as to persuade an exposition which would  serve the interest   of   his   client   so   long   as   the   issue   is capable of that resolution by adopting a process of reasoning.  However, a point of law well settled or   admitting   of   no   controversy   must   not   be dragged into doubt solely with a view to confuse or   mislead   the   Judge   and   thereby   gaining   an undue advantage to the client to which he may not be entitled.   Such conduct of an advocate becomes worse when a view of the law canvassed by him is not only unsupportable in law but if accepted would damage the interest of the client and   confer   an   illegitimate   advantage   on   the 9 opponent.  In such a situation the wrong of the intention and impropriety of the conduct is more than apparent.  Professional misconduct is grave when it consists of betraying the confidence of a client   and   is   gravest   when   it   is   a   deliberate attempt at misleading the court or an attempt at practicing deception or fraud on the court.  The client places his faith and fortune in the hands of the   counsel   for   the   purpose   of   that   case;   the court places its confidence in the counsel in case after case and day after day.  A client dissatisfied with his counsel may change him but the same is not with the court.   And so the bondage of trust between the court and the counsel admits of no breaking. xxx xxx xxx 24. It has been a saying as old as the profession itself that the court and counsel are two wheels of   the   chariot   of   justice.     In   the   adversarial system, it will be more appropriate to say that while   the   Judge   holds   the   reigns,   the   two opponent counsel are the wheels of the chariot. While the direction of the movement is controlled by the Judge holding the reigns, the movement itself is facilitated by the wheels without which the   chariot   of   justice   may   not   move   and   may even   collapse.     Mutual   confidence   in   the discharge of duties and cordial relations between Bench and Bar smoothen the movement of the chariot.   As responsible officers of the court, as they are called – and rightly, the counsel have an overall obligation of assisting the courts in a just and   proper   manner   in   the   just   and   proper administration of justice.   Zeal and enthusiasm are   the   traits   of   success   in   profession   but overzealousness and misguided enthusiasm have no place in the personality of a professional. 10 xxx xxx xxx 26.   A lawyer must not hesitate in telling the court   the   correct   position   of   law   when   it   is undisputed and admits of no exception.  A view of   the   law   settled   by   the   ruling   of   a   superior court or a binding precedent even if it does not serve the cause of his client, must be brought to the   notice   of   court   unhesitatingly.     This obligation of a counsel flows from the confidence reposed by the court in the counsel appearing for any of the two sides.  A counsel, being an officer of court, shall apprise the Judge with the correct position   of   law   whether   for   or   against   either party.”  14. That a higher responsibility goes upon a lawyer representing an institution was noticed in  State of Rajasthan and another vs.  (2014) 14 SCC 77: ­  Surendra Mohnot and others, “33.     As   far   as   the   counsel   for   the   State   is concerned, it can be decidedly stated that he has a high responsibility.  A counsel who represents the   State   is   required   to   state   the   facts   in   a correct and honest manner.  He has to discharge his duty with immense responsibility and each of his action has to be sensible.  He is expected to have   higher   standard   of   conduct.     He   has   a special   duty   towards   the   court   in   rendering assistance.   It is because he has access to the public records and is also obliged to protect the public   interest.     That   apart,   he   has   a   moral responsibility to the court.   When these values corrode,   one   can   say   “things   fall   apart”.     He should always remind himself that an advocate, while   not   being   insensible   to   ambition   and achievement, should feel the sense of ethicality 11 and nobility of the legal profession in his bones. We hope, that there would be response towards duty; the hallowed and honoured duty.” 15. In view of the conclusion that the termination is in teeth of the provisions of the Act, it is set aside.  The appellant is held entitled to reinstatement.  The respondent management is not precluded from proceeding   afresh   in   accordance   with   law   from   the   stage   of irregularity.  In that eventuality the Vice­Chancellor shall consider any request for approval on its own merits in accordance with law without being influenced by any observation in the present order. The question of back wages, if any, shall abide by any such decision of the Vice­Chancellor.  16. The appeal stands disposed of. .……………………….J.   (Arun Mishra) ………………………..J.    (Navin Sinha)   New Delhi, May 08, 2019. 12