Full Judgment Text
* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Judgment Reserved on: January 19, 2016
% Judgment Delivered on: February 04, 2016
+ W.P.(C) 11814/2015
ALCHEMIST ASSET RECONSTRUCTION
COMPANY PVT. LTD. & ANR ..... Petitioners
Represented by: Mr.Amit S.Chadha, Sr.Adv.
instructed by Ms.Jayashree
S.Dasgupta, Mr.Abhirup
Dasgupta, Mr.Dilpreet
M.Singh, Advs.
versus
M/S HOTEL GAUDAVAN PVT. LTD. & ANR ..... Respondents
Represented by: Ms.Shobha, Ms.Akanksha
Kaushik, Advs.for R-1.
Mr.Davesh Vashishtha, Adv.
for Mr.S.L.Gupta, Adv.for R-2.
CORAM:
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE PRADEEP NANDRAJOG
HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE MUKTA GUPTA
MUKTA GUPTA, J.
1. A brief exposition of facts necessary for deciding the preliminary
objection of territorial jurisdiction raised by respondent No.1 i.e. M/s Hotel
Gaudavan Pvt. Ltd. (in short ‘HGPL’) is that State Bank of India (in short
‘SBI’ ) Branch at Jodhpur sanctioned a term loan facility to HGPL having
its registered office at Jaipur. The term loan was repayable in 27 quarterly
instalments of ` 86 lakhs each, the last instalment being of ` 78 lakhs. HGPL
defaulted in payment of first instalment itself and sought for re-
WP(C) 11814/2015 Page 1 of 9
schedulement of the term loan. The repayment of the principal was
rescheduled to start from March 31, 2010 instead of December 31, 2008,
despite the same HGPL again defaulted. Thus, reschedulement stood
cancelled and the default was deemed to have continued from December 31,
2008 itself. HGPL was classified as NPA by SBI. In view of the defaults,
HGPL wrote to the petitioner Alchemist Asset Reconstruction Ltd.(in short
‘Alchemist’) showing willingness to dispose off the property for adjustment
of dues requesting the bank to find a suitable buyer. Thus SBI assigned the
financial assets of HGPL to Alchemist.
2. SBI withdrew its previous notice and issued fresh notice under
Section 13(2) of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets
and Enforcement of Security Interest Act (In short ‘the Act’) whereafter on
July 21, 2014 Alchemist issued fresh notice under Section 13(2) of the Act
to HGPL. An application was filed under Section 14 of the Act before the
District Magistrate at Jaisalmer when HGPL approached the High Court of
Rajasthan at Jodhpur challenging the proceedings under Section 14 of the
Act. Physical possession of the secured asset was taken over by Alchemist
which notice was published in Times of India, Jaipur Edition on March 11,
2015. The writ petition filed by HGPL was dismissed on March 19, 2015.
In the meantime, HGPL initiated proceedings before the DRT at Jaipur
which were disposed off on May 06, 2015 quashing the demand notice dated
July 21, 2014, subsequent possession notice dated March 04, 2015 and the
Sale Notice dated March 10, 2015. Alchemist was directed to restore
possession of the secured asset to HGPL.
3. An appeal was filed before Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal
(DRAT) at Delhi by Alchemist wherein the order of the DRT, Jaipur
WP(C) 11814/2015 Page 2 of 9
returning finding that the account was wrongly classified as NPA was
upheld. Hence the present writ petition by Alchemist before this Court.
4. Learned counsel for HGPL at the outset objects to the maintainability
of the present writ petition before this Court on the ground of want of
territorial jurisdiction. Learned counsel for HGPL contends that the loan
was sanctioned at Jodhpur by SBI Branch, Jodhpur, the registered office of
borrower i.e. HGPL is at Jaipur, the property in question was situated at
Jaisalmer, the proceedings took place at DRT, Jaipur culminating in the
order dated May 06, 2015. It is contended that merely because the DRAT
was situated at Delhi and the impugned order was passed at Delhi, the same
would not vest territorial jurisdiction in this Court to entertain the present
writ petition as no cause of action or even a part of cause of action arose in
Delhi. Reference is made to the decision reported as (2007) 6 SCC 769
Ambica Industries vs. Commissioner of Central Excise .
5. Learned counsel for the writ petitioner on the other hand contends that
after the assignment of debts by SBI to the petitioner company, all the
accounts and documents were transferred to Delhi. The Stressed Assets
Management Branch of SBI, the respondent No.2 in the writ petition is
situated at New Delhi. Alchemist being the assignee of the debts from SBI
is also situated at Delhi. SBI issued the first and second notice under
Section 13(2) of the Act dated June 20, 2013 and October 14, 2013
respectively to HGPL from its branch situated at New Delhi. Alchemist also
issued notice dated July 21, 2014 under Section 13(2) of the Act to HGPL
from its registered office at New Delhi. The statements of accounts of
HGPL are maintained by SBI at Delhi. The letter of consent dated March
20, 2014 for substitution under Section 5(5) of the Act and the NPS
WP(C) 11814/2015 Page 3 of 9
certificate have been issued by SBI from New Delhi and thus not only part
of cause of action but entire cause of action took place at Delhi and thus this
Court has territorial jurisdiction to entertain the present writ petition.
Reliance is placed on the decisions reported as (2004) 6 SCC 254 Kusum
Ingots & Alloys Ltd. vs. Union of India & Anr. , AIR 2011 Delhi 174 M/s
Sterling Agro Industries Ltd. vs. Union of India & Ors. , 2015 (III) AD
(Delhi) 721 Urmila Kumari vs. Om Prakash Jangra & Ors. , 224 (2015)
DLT 464 Edara Gopi Chand vs. Union of India & Ors. , 118(2005) DLT 274
Ansal Buildwell Ltd. Vs. North Eastern Indira Gandhi Institute of Health
and Medical Science & Ors. , MIPR 2007 (2) 0396 (India TV) Independent
News Service Pvt. Ltd. Vs. India Broadcast Live LLC & Ors. , 2009 (39) PTC
498 Glaxosmithkline Consumer Healthcare Ltd. Vs. Heinz India (P) Ltd. ,
218 (2015) DLT 267 Lt. Col. A.S. Chaudhari Vs. Union of India and 219
(2015) DLT 321 Mukul Gupta Vs. Management Development Institute &
Ors.
6. In the decision reported as (2004) 6 SCC 254 Kusum Ingots & Alloys
Ltd. vs. Union of India & Anr. while dealing with the issue of situs of office
of the respondent, referring to its earlier decision in 1975 (2) SCC 671 Sri
Nasiruddin vs. State Transport Appellate Tribunal Supreme Court noted:-
“25. The said decision is an authority for the proposition that
the place from where an appellate order or a revisional order is
passed may give rise to a part of cause of action although the
original order was at a place outside the said area. When a part
of the cause of action arises within one or the other High Court, it
will be for the petitioner to choose his forum.
26. The view taken by this Court in U.P. Rashtriya Chini Mill
Adhikari Parishad[(1995) 4 SCC 738] that the situs of issue of an
order or notification by the Government would come within the
WP(C) 11814/2015 Page 4 of 9
meaning of the expression “cases arising” in clause 14 of the
(Amalgamation) Order is not a correct view of law for the reason
hereafter stated and to that extent the said decision is overruled.
In fact, a legislation, it is trite, is not confined to a statute enacted
by Parliament or the legislature of a State, which would include
delegated legislation and subordinate legislation or an executive
order made by the Union of India, State or any other statutory
authority. In a case where the field is not covered by any statutory
rule, executive instructions issued in this behalf shall also come
within the purview thereof. Situs of office of Parliament,
legislature of a State or authorities empowered to make
subordinate legislation would not by itself constitute any cause of
action or cases arising. In other words, framing of a statute,
statutory rule or issue of an executive order or instruction would
not confer jurisdiction upon a court only because of the situs of
the office of the maker thereof.
27. When an order, however, is passed by a court or tribunal
or an executive authority whether under provisions of a statute or
otherwise, a part of cause of action arises at that place. Even in a
given case, when the original authority is constituted at one place
and the appellate authority is constituted at another, a writ
petition would be maintainable at both the places. In other words,
as order of the appellate authority constitutes a part of cause of
action, a writ petition would be maintainable in the High Court
within whose jurisdiction it is situate having regard to the fact that
the order of the appellate authority is also required to be set aside
and as the order of the original authority merges with that of the
appellate authority.
28. ........
29. ........
30. We must, however, remind ourselves that even if a small
part of cause of action arises within the territorial jurisdiction of
the High Court, the same by itself may not be considered to be a
determinative factor compelling the High Court to decide the
matter on merit. In appropriate cases, the Court may refuse to
WP(C) 11814/2015 Page 5 of 9
exercise its discretionary jurisdiction by invoking the doctrine of
forum conveniens. [SeeBhagat Singh Bugga v. Dewan Jagbir
Sawhney [AIR 1941 Cal 670 : ILR (1941) 1 Cal 490] , Madanlal
Jalan v. Madanlal [(1945) 49 CWN 357 : AIR 1949 Cal 495],
Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. v. Jharia Talkies & Cold Storage (P)
Ltd. [1997 CWN 122] ,S.S. Jain & Co. v. Union of India [(1994) 1
CHN 445] and New Horizons Ltd. v.Union of India [AIR 1994 Del
126] .]”
7. On reference to five Judges Bench of this Court in the decision
reported as 181 (2011) DLT 658 (LB) Steriling Agro Industries Ltd. Vs.
Union of India & Ors. while dealing with the issue of territorial jurisdiction
to entertain a writ petition on ground that an order of appellate authority
constitutes part of cause of action to support the claim of maintainability of
the writ petition in the High Court within whose jurisdiction the appellate
authority is situated, this Court laid down-
“33. In view of the aforesaid analysis, we are inclined to modify
the findings and conclusions of the Full Bench in New India
Assurance Company Limited (supra) and proceed to state our
conclusions in seriatim as follows:
(a) The finding recorded by the Full Bench that the sole cause
of action emerges at the place or location where the
tribunal/appellate authority/revisional authority is situate
and the said High Court (i.e., Delhi High Court) cannot
decline to entertain the writ petition as that would amount
to failure of the duty of the Court cannot be accepted
inasmuch as such a finding is totally based on the situs of
the tribunal/appellate authority/revisional authority totally
ignoring the concept of forum conveniens.
(b) Even if a minuscule part of cause of action arises within
the jurisdiction of this court, a writ petition would be
maintainable before this Court, however, the cause of
WP(C) 11814/2015 Page 6 of 9
action has to be understood as per the ratio laid down in
the case of Alchemist Ltd. (supra).
(c) An order of the appellate authority constitutes a part of
cause of action to make the writ petition maintainable in
the High Court within whose jurisdiction the appellate
authority is situated. Yet, the same may not be the singular
factor to compel the High Court to decide the matter on
merits. The High Court may refuse to exercise its
discretionary jurisdiction by invoking the doctrine of
forum conveniens.
(d) The conclusion that where the appellate or revisional
authority is located constitutes the place of forum
conveniens as stated in absolute terms by the Full Bench is
not correct as it will vary from case to case and depend
upon the lis in question.
(e) The finding that the court may refuse to exercise
jurisdiction under Article 226 if only the jurisdiction is
invoked in a mala fide manner is too restricted/constricted
as the exercise of power under Article 226 being
discretionary cannot be limited or restricted to the ground
of mala fide alone.
(f) While entertaining a writ petition, the doctrine of forum
conveniens and the nature of cause of action are required
to be scrutinized by the High Court depending upon the
factual matrix of each case in view of what has been stated
in Ambica Industries (supra) and Adani Exports
Ltd. (supra).
(g) The conclusion of the earlier decision of the Full Bench
in New India Assurance Company Limited (supra) “that
since the original order merges into the appellate order,
the place where the appellate authority is located is also
forum conveniens” is not correct.
WP(C) 11814/2015 Page 7 of 9
(h) Any decision of this Court contrary to the conclusions
enumerated herein above stands overruled.”
8. We may note that ‘cause of action’ are the bundle of facts which give
rise to a lis. An adjudicatory forum decides the lis. This distinction appears
not to have been brought to the notice of either the Supreme Court when the
decision in Kusum Ingots case (supra) was pronounced nor was it brought to
the notice of the five Judge Bench of this Court when Steriling Agro
Industries case (supra) was decided. But we would be bound by the law
declared by the Supreme Court for the reason a point which squarely arose
for adjudication and decided by the Supreme Court would bind all Courts in
India and it would be no argument to urge that a particular facet of an
argument was not presented before the Supreme Court. Similarly, we would
be bound by the view taken by the five Judge Bench of this Court. But
notwithstanding said distinction, the end result would be the same because
this Court exercises supervisory jurisdiction over tribunals functioning
within the territorial jurisdiction of this Court under Article 227 of the
Constitution of India and any erroneous exercise of jurisdiction would be
capable of being corrected by this Court.
9. Indubitably in the present case though the term loan facility was
availed at Jodhpur having been granted by SBI at Jaipur and initial
proceedings before the DRT took place at Jaipur, however for the reasons
that the debts have later been assigned to Alchemist by SBI at Delhi, all
accounts and documents have been transferred to the Stressed Assets
Management Branch of SBI at Delhi and the statement of accounts of HGPL
have also been now maintained by SBI at Delhi. Thus, on the principle of
WP(C) 11814/2015 Page 8 of 9
law, which we are bound to follow, the principle of forum convenience
would require the instant writ petition to be decided by this Court.
10. List the matter for hearing on merits on March 08, 2016.
(MUKTA GUPTA)
JUDGE
(PRADEEP NANDRAJOG)
JUDGE
FEBRUARY 04, 2016
‘v mittal’
WP(C) 11814/2015 Page 9 of 9