VIPUL SHITAL PRASAD AGARWAL vs. STATE OF GUJARAT & ANR.

1 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CRL.)No.3672 of 2012 VIPUL SHITAL PRASAD AGARWAL … PETITIONER VS. STATE OF GUJARAT & ANR. … RESPONDENTS J U D G M E N T ALTAMAS KABIR, CJI. JUDGMENT 1. This Special Leave Petition is directed against th the judgment and order dated 20 March, 2012, passed by the Gujarat High Court dismissing the petition filed by the Petitioner, Dr. Vipul Shital Prasad Agarwal, under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution, read with Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C.), being SCRMA No.2698 of 2011. Page 1 2 2. There are certain special features in this case which need to be recorded in order to decide this matter. 3. The Petitioner was at the relevant time posted as Superintendent of Police, Banaskantha, Gujarat. On th 28 December, 2006, one Tulsiram Prajapati was killed in an encounter and a First Information Report (F.I.R.), being I.C.R.No.115 of 2006, was registered with the Ambaji Police Station, Banaskantha, Gujarat, against unidentified persons under Sections 307, 427 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC), Section 25(1)(A) of the Arms Act, 1959, and Section 135 of the Bombay Police Act, 1951. JUDGMENT 4. In 2007, Nirmala Bai, the mother of the deceased, filed Writ Petition (Crl.) No.115 of 2007, before this Court praying for an inquiry into the incident by the Central Bureau of Investigation (C.B.I.), and while the same was pending, the prosecution, upon completion of investigation, added Sections 302, 364, 307, 333, 334, 427, 365, 368, 193, 197, 201, 120-B, 471 read with Section 34 I.P.C., together with Page 2 3 Section 25(1)(a) and 27 of the Arms Act, 1959, as also Section 135 of the Bombay Police Act, against 12 police officers, including the Petitioner. Consequent thereupon, the Petitioner was arrested by rd the C.I.D. crime, on 3 May, 2010, and charge-sheet was, thereafter, filed against the accused persons, th including the Petitioner, on 30 July, 2010. 5. One of the strange features of this case, therefore, is that in the case which was registered against the victim, 12 police officers, including the Petitioner, came to be arraigned as accused in what was alleged to be a fake encounter. However, the fact remains that F.I.R. No.115 of 2006 was lodged th with the Ambaji Police Station on 28 December, 2006, JUDGMENT resulting in the arrest of the Petitioner by the rd C.I.D. crime, on 3 May, 2010, and the filing of th charge-sheet on 30 July, 2010, within 90 days of his arrest. 6. While considering the writ petition filed by the mother of the deceased (Writ Petition (Crl.) No.115 th of 2007), this Court, by its judgment and order 8 April, 2011, refused to accept the investigation Page 3 4 conducted and completed by the State C.I.D. and directed as follows : “39. In view of the above discussion, the Police Authorities of the Gujarat State are directed to handover all the records of the present case to the CBI within two weeks from this date and the CBI shall investigate all aspects of the case relating to the killing of Tulsiram Prajapati and file a report to the concerned court/special court having jurisdiction within a period of six months from the date of taking over of the investigation from the state Police Authorities. We also direct the Police Authorities of the state of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh to cooperate with the CBI Authorities in conducting the investigation.” 7. We have intentionally quoted the aforesaid direction of this Court, since the main plank of the submissions made on behalf of the Petitioner in this Special Leave Petition depends on an interpretation JUDGMENT thereof. 8. Pursuant to the directions given by this Court, th the C.B.I. registered a separate F.I.R. on 29 April, th 2011, being R.C.-3(S)/2011/Mumbai dated 29 April, st 2011. On 31 May, 2011, the C.B.I. applied before the Court of Sessions Judge Palanpur, Banaskantha, Gujarat, in Sessions Case No.58 of 2010, inter alia , Page 4 5 for the following directions : “It is, therefore, humbly prayed that keeping in view the orders dated 08.04.2011 of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, the articles submitted by the Gujarat Police as per the list enclosed (as desired by this Hon’ble Court) along with the Charge Sheet No.50/2010 dated 30.07.2010 vide CC No.1439/10 dated 30.07.2010 and supplementary Charge Sheets in case FIR No.115/2006 dated 28.12.2006 of PS Ambaji, District Banaskantha may be released and handed over to the CBI for the purpose of fresh investigation. It is further prayed that in the light of order of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, no further proceeding may be allowed in the case till the investigation of CBI is finalized. And for this the applicant shall ever pray.” 9. The said application was allowed by the Sessions th Judge on 9 June, 2011. 10. Since the investigation was not completed and the JUDGMENT Petitioner had been in custody for a long time, an application for bail was moved on his behalf in the th Court of learned Sessions Judge, Palanpur, on 16 August, 2011, who rejected the same on the ground that the application ought to have been moved before the Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Danta, and not before the Sessions Court. 11. Having regard to the order of the learned Sessions Page 5 6 Judge, the Petitioner moved an application before the nd Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Danta, on 2 th September, 2011, for bail, which was rejected on 7 October, 2011. The Petitioner then moved the Gujarat High Court by way of Special Criminal Application No.2698 of 2011, for quashing and setting aside the th aforesaid judgment and order dated 7 October, 2011, passed by the Judicial Magistrate, First Class, rejecting his prayer for bail. Another application for regular bail, being Criminal Misc. Application No.04 of 2012, was also filed on behalf of the nd Petitioner before the Sessions Judge, Palanpur, on 2 January, 2012, on the limited ground of delay in the trial. The said bail application was dismissed by the nd th 2 Additional Sessions Judge on 27 February, 2012. JUDGMENT The High Court also rejected the Petitioner’s application challenging the order of the Magistrate by th th its order dated 20 March, 2012. On 9 April, 2012, the Petitioner’s Criminal Misc. Application No.4729 of nd 2012, challenging the order of the 2 Additional th Sessions Judge dated 27 February, 2012, was dismissed by the High Court. It is against the said order that the present Special Leave Petition has been filed. Page 6 7 12. The major thrust of the submissions made by Mr. Sushil Kumar, learned Senior Advocate, appearing for the Petitioner, was that the Petitioner was entitled to the benefit of statutory bail in terms of Sub- Section (2) of Section 167 Cr.P.C. Learned counsel urged that since after registering a fresh F.I.R. and commencing of fresh investigation, as directed by this Court, the C.B.I. had failed to file charge-sheet pursuant to such F.I.R., within the stipulated period of 90 days, the Petitioner was entitled to bail on account of such default in view of the provisions of Sub-Section (2) of Section 167 Cr.P.C. Learned counsel also emphasized that the Petitioner was in rd custody since his arrest on 3 May, 2010, and on the JUDGMENT other hand, the trial was being delayed. 13. Mr. Sushil Kumar urged that since the earlier investigation by the State police had not been accepted by this Court and the C.B.I. was directed to conduct a fresh investigation, it would necessarily entail that the charge-sheet filed on the basis of the initial inquiry was also rejected by this Court, though not in explicit terms. Mr. Sushil Kumar Page 7 8 submitted that there could not be two charge-sheets arising out of the two FIRs in respect of a single incident and charge would have to be framed on the basis of one of the said two charge-sheets filed and, since the first investigation had not been accepted, the logical consequence would be that the first charge-sheet also stood quashed which would give the second charge-sheet due legitimacy. Accordingly, since the charge-sheet had not been filed in respect of the second F.I.R. within a period of 90 days, as stipulated under Section 167(2) Cr.P.C., the Petitioner was entitled to be released on default bail, as a matter of right. 14. Mr. Sushil Kumar made it clear that he was basing JUDGMENT his submissions mainly on the ground available under Section 167(2) Cr.P.C. and the fact that the trial had been delayed for a long period during which the Petitioner has remained in custody. 15. Appearing for the C.B.I., Mr. Vivek Tankha, learned Senior Advocate, submitted that there was a basic fallacy in Mr. Sushil Kumar’s submissions since the Petitioner was arrested in connection with the Page 8 9 first F.I.R., being No.115 of 2006, in which charge- sheet had been filed within the stipulated period of 90 days and that he had not been arrested in connection with the second F.I.R. filed by the C.B.I. Accordingly, the benefit of default bail under Section 167(2) Cr.P.C. was not available to the Petitioner. Mr. Tankha also submitted that the investigation started by the C.B.I. was in continuation of the investigation initially commenced on the basis of F.I.R. No.115 of 2006 of Ambaji Police Station and that the lodging of a fresh F.I.R. by the C.B.I. was only for the purpose of enabling the C.B.I. to take over the investigation from the State police in terms of the directions given by this Court. JUDGMENT 16. On the question of delay in the trial, Mr. Tankha pointed out that the same had been stayed at the instance of a co-accused and C.B.I., therefore, had no hand as far as delay of the trial is concerned. According to Mr. Tankha, in any event, charge-sheet had already been filed even on the basis of the second F.I.R., which would have to be treated as a supplementary charge-sheet to the original charge- Page 9 10 sheet filed in F.I.R. No.115 of 2006. Mr. Tankha pointed out that it was also significant that the prayer for default bail in terms of Section 167(2) Cr.P.C. had been made on behalf of the Petitioner in connection with F.I.R. No.115 of 2006, of Ambaji th Police Station dated 28 December, 2006, and not in connection with F.I.R. No.RC-3(S)/2011/Mumbai dated th 9 April, 2011, filed by the C.B.I. 17. Mr. Tankha, therefore, contended that the Special Leave Petition filed by the Petitioner was entirely misconceived and was liable to be dismissed. 18. We have carefully considered the submissions made on behalf of the respective parties and we have little hesitation in rejecting Mr. Sushil Kumar’s JUDGMENT submissions. One of the most significant features of this case is that the prayer for default bail was made on behalf of the Petitioner in F.I.R.No.115 of 2006, lodged by the local police with the Ambaji Police Station, though the submissions in respect thereof have been made in connection with the subsequent F.I.R. lodged by the C.B.I. It is obvious that the Petitioner was fully aware of the situation while Page 10 11 making the application for grant of bail, knowing that he was under arrest in connection with the first F.I.R. and not under the second F.I.R. lodged by the C.B.I. In the event the second investigation is treated to be a fresh investigation and the Petitioner had been arrested in connection therewith, the submissions made by Mr. Sushil Kumar would have been relevant. However, since the prayer for default bail was made in connection with F.I.R.No.115 of 2006, in which charge-sheet had been filed within the stipulated period of 90 days, the argument with regard to the default bail was not available to the Petitioner and such argument has, therefore, to be rejected. The other submission of Mr. Sushil Kumar that since a fresh investigation was directed to be JUDGMENT conducted by this Court, the earlier charge-sheet must be deemed to have been quashed, has to be rejected also on the same ground. 19. Even on the question of delay in concluding the trial, such delay has not been caused by the prosecuting authorities, but by a co-accused and advantage thereof cannot be taken by the Petitioner. Page 11 12 20. Since no argument had been advanced on behalf of the Petitioner on the merits of the case, we also refrain from looking into the same and on the basis of our aforesaid observations, we are not convinced that the Special Leave Petition, along with the Criminal Miscellaneous Petition No.11364 of 2012, warrants any interference by this Court. The Special Leave Petition and the Criminal Miscellaneous Petition are, therefore, dismissed. ………………………………………………… . CJI (ALTAMAS KABIR) ………………………………………………………J. JUDGMENT (SURINDER SINGH NIJJAR) New Delhi Dated: November 6, 2012. Page 12 13 IN THE SUPREME COUR OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL MISCELLANEOUS PETITION NO.11364 OF 2012 WITH SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CRL.) NO.3672 OF 2012 Vipul Shital Prasad Agarwal ….Petitioner Versus State of Gujarat & Another ….Respondents J U D G M E N T Chelameswar, J. JUDGMENT 1. While I agree with the conclusion reached by Hon’ble the Chief Justice of India, I wish to add a few lines. 2. The necessary facts and submissions of the learned counsel for the petitioner are clearly set out in the judgment of my Lord the Chief Justice. I wish to deal with only one submission made on behalf of the petitioner - that the earlier judgment and order of this Page 13 14 Court in Writ Petition (Criminal) No.115 of 2007 dated th 8 April 2011 directing the Central Bureau of Investigation (CB) to conduct an investigation pertaining to all aspects of killing of Tulsiram Prajapati would necessarily mean that the charge-sheet filed by the Gujarat Police (CID) stood rejected. In my view, the submission is misconceived for the following reasons. 3. Section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short “the CrPC”) obligates the police investigating a case to make a report to the Magistrate to take cognizance of the offence which is subject matter of the investigation. Sub-section (2) indicates the various pieces JUDGMENT of information which are required to be contained in the 1 said report. Section 173(2)(i)(d) stipulates that the said report should state whether any offence appears to have been committed and, if so, by whom. If the Investigating Officer opines in the said report that an offence appears 1 Section 173(2)(i) As soon as it is completed, the officer in charge of the police station shall forward to a Magistrate empowered to take cognizance of the offence on a police report, a report in the form prescribed by the State Government, stating— (d) whether any offence appears to have been committed and, if so, by whom. Page 14 15 to have been committed by the persons named therein, he is also obliged to forward to the Magistrate all documents on which the prosecution proposes to rely along with the statements recorded under Section 161 of the CrPC of all persons whom the prosecution proposes 2 3 to examine as witnesses. Sub-section (8) recognizes the authority of the Investigating Officer/Agency to make any further investigation in respect of any offence notwithstanding the fact that the report contemplated under sub-Section (2) of Section 173 had already been submitted. It may be worthwhile noticing that under sub-Section (3), even a superior police officer appointed under Section 158 of the CrPC could direct the JUDGMENT Investigating Officer to make a further investigation 2 Section 173(5). When such report is in respect of a case to which section 170 applies, the police officer shall forward to the Magistrate along with the report—t (a) all documents or relevant extracts thereof on which the prosecution proposes to rely other than those already sent to the Magistrate during investigation; (b) the statements recorded under section 161 of all the persons whom the prosecution proposes to examine as its witnesses. 3 Section 173(8). Notwithstanding in this section shall be deemed to preclude further investigation in respect of an offence after a report under sub-section (2) has been forwarded to the Magistrate and, where upon such investigation, the officer in charge of the police station obtains further evidence, oral or documentary, he shall forward to the Magistrate a further report or reports regarding such evidence in the form prescribed and the provisions of' sub-section (2) to (6) shall, as far as may be, apply in relation to such report or reports as they apply in relation to a report forwarded under sub-section (2). Page 15 16 pending any orders by the concerned Magistrate on the report submitted. It is settled law that a Magistrate to whom report is submitted under Section 173(2) can direct the Investigating Officer to make a further 4 investigation into the matter. 4. In my opinion, the mere undertaking of a further investigation either by the Investigating Officer on his own or upon the directions of the superior police officer or pursuant to a direction by the concerned Magistrate to whom the report is forwarded does not mean that the report submitted under Section 173(2) is abandoned or rejected. It is only that either the Investigating Agency or JUDGMENT the concerned Court is not completely satisfied with the material collected by the investigating agency and is of the opinion that possibly some more material is required 4 Kashmeri Devi v. Delhi Administration & Another (1988 (Supp.) SCC 482 para 7 Since according to the respondents charge-sheet has already been submitted to “7. the Magistrate we direct the trial court before whom the charge-sheet has been submitted to exercise his powers under Section 173(8) CrPC to direct the Central Bureau of Investigation for proper and thorough investigation of the case. On issue of such direction the Central Bureau of Investigation will investigate the case in an independent and objective manner and it will further submit additional charge-sheet, if any, in accordance with law. The appeal stands disposed of accordingly.” Page 16 17 to be collected in order to sustain the allegations of the commission of the offence indicated in the report. 5. Therefore, the submission of Mr. Sushil Kumar, learned senior advocate appearing for the petitioner, that the directions given by this Court earlier in Writ Petition (Criminal) No.115 of 2007 would necessarily mean that the charge-sheet submitted by the police stood implicitly rejected is without any basis in law and misconceived. Even the fact that the CBI purported to have registered a “fresh FIR”, in my opinion, does not lead to conclusion in law that the earlier report or the material collected by the Gujarat Police (CID) on the basis of which they filed the JUDGMENT charge-sheet ceased to exist. It only demonstrates the administrative practice of the CBI. 6. In my view, notwithstanding the practice of the CBI to register a “fresh FIR”, the investigation undertaken by the CBI is in the nature of further investigation under Section 173 (8) of the CrPC pursuant to the direction of Page 17 18 this Court. …………………………………. J. (J. CHELAMESWAR ) New Delhi; November 6, 2012. JUDGMENT Page 18