Full Judgment Text
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PETITIONER:
ISHWAR CHAND JAIN
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB & HARYANA AND ANOTHER
DATE OF JUDGMENT26/05/1988
BENCH:
SINGH, K.N. (J)
BENCH:
SINGH, K.N. (J)
VENKATARAMIAH, E.S. (J)
CITATION:
1988 AIR 1395 1988 SCR Supl. (1) 396
1988 SCC (3) 370 JT 1988 (2) 473
1988 SCALE (1)1188
CITATOR INFO :
RF 1992 SC 496 (26)
ACT:
Service matter-Whether the High Court was right in
recommending termination of the services of the appellant, a
judicial officer, on probation, on the ground that his work
and conduct were not satisfactory, on complaints of trifling
nature and complaints motivated and allegations
unsubstantiated, against the appellant.
HEADNOTE:
This appeal by special leave was directed against the
Judgment of the High Court, dismissing the appellant’s writ
petition challenging the order dispensing with his services.
The appellant was appointed as Addl. District and
Sessions Judge on probation for two years. While he was on
probation, there were certain complaints against him, and an
inquiry was held by a Judge of the High Court, as a result
whereof the High Court by its resolution recommended the
termination of the appellant’s services to the State
Government. The appellant filed a writ petition before the
High Court, challenging the said resolution of the High
Court. The High Court dismissed the writ petition whereupon
the State Government issued orders terminating the
appellant’s services. Aggrieved, the appellant moved this
Court, challenging the orders of the High Court and the
State government above said.
The appellant contended that since the High Court had
resolved that his services should be terminated on the basis
of the inquiry report, the constitutional protection
available to him under Article 311(2) of the Constitution
and the principles of natural justice had been violated.
Counsel for the High Court submitted that the inquiry
held was merely to judge the appellant’s suitability for
service, and the appellant was not entitled to the
constitutional protection of Article 311(2) of the
Constitution, or to any opportunity of hearing before taking
the decision regarding the termination of his probationary
period.
Allowing the appeal, the Court,
397
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^
HELD: The High Court had no relevant material in coming
to the conclusion that the appellant’s work and conduct was
not satisfactory during his probationary period. The
material taken into consideration was non-existent, while
the other material was not relevant, and the allegations
taken into consideration against him remained
unsubstantiated. The High Court erred in holding the
appellant’s work and conduct to be unsatisfactory, and in
terminating his services. [401 A-C]
In one case, adverse remarks made against the appellant
by the High Court (Bains, J.) had been directed by this
Court in appeal to be expunged as they were found to be
unjustified and unwarranted. In another case, members of the
Bar Association had passed a resolution condemning the
appellant on a trifling matter without applying their mind
to the question involved. The members of the Bar practising
before the Court should be aware of the legal position and
they should not have passed the resolution condemning the
appellant without there being any justifiable cause. If the
members of the Bar Association pass resolutions against the
presiding officers working in subordinate courts without any
justifiable cause, it would be difficult for the judicial
officers to perform their judicial functions and discharge
their responsibilities in an objective and unbiased manner.
The High Court, instead of protecting the appellant,
distressingly took the Bar resolution into consideration in
assessing the appellant’s work and conduct. [402B; 404B-D]
The complaints against the appellant were enquired into
by Justice Surinder Singh, Vigilance Judge, and his report
had formed the foundation for the action taken by the High
Court against the appellant. An analysis of the report of
the Vigilance Judge showed that out of four complaints, in
respect of two of them the Vigilance Judge had expressed the
opinion that the matter needed further investigation and
enquiry and he was not in a position to record any definite
finding on the allegations made in those complaints. As
regards the third complaint, officers had committed no wrong
in postponing the pronouncement of the order, with a view to
give time to the parties to compromise. As regards the
fourth matter-Khem Chand’s complaint-the Vigilance Judge had
not expressed any opinion. The report of the Vigilance Judge
did not show that the work and conduct of the appellant were
not satisfactory or that he was not fit to act as a judicial
officer. The complaints in respect of which the Vigilance
Judge had observed that the same needed further inquiry,
could not at all be considered against the appellant. The
High Court was not justified in considering those matters in
concluding that the appellant’s work and conduct was not
satisfactory. [407H; 408A-D]
398
So far as the annual entry on the appellant’s
confidential roll was A concerned, there was no material
against him to show that his work and conduct was
unsatisfactory. [408G-H]
While considering complaints of irregularities against
the judicial officer on probation, the High Court should
have kept in mind that the incidents related to the very
first year of appellant’s service. Every Judicial officer is
likely to commit mistakes of some kind or the other in
passing orders in the initial stage of his service, which a
mature judicial officer would not do. If the orders are
passed without any corrupt motive, the same should be
overlooked by the High Court and proper guidance should be
provided to him. If after the warning and guidance, the
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officer on probation is not able to improve, his services
may be terminated. [409C-E]
While exercising control over the subordinate judiciary
under the Constitution, the High Court is under a
constitutional obligation to guide and protect judicial
officers. An honest, strict judicial officer is likely to
have adversaries. If complaints are entertained on trifling
matters relating to judicial orders which may have been
upheld by the High Court on the judicial side, and if the
judicial officers are under constant threat of complaints
and enquiry on trifling matters, and if the High Court
encourages anonymous complaints, no judicial officer would
feel, secure, and it would be difficult for him to discharge
his duties in an honest and independent manner. An
independent and honest judiciary is a sine qua non for the
Rule of law. It is imperative that the High Court should
take steps to protect its honest judicial officers by
ignoring ill-conceived or motivated complaints made by
unscrupulous lawyers and litigants. [409E-G]
In this case, the resolution passed by the Bar
Association against the appellant was wholly unjustified and
the complaints made by others were motivated which did not
deserve credit. Even the Vigilance Judge did not record any
finding that the appellant was guilty of any corrupt motive
or that he had not acted judicially. [409H; 410A]
The orders of the High Court and the State Government
were set aside. The appellant was directed to be reinstated
with continuity of service and arrears of salary and
allowances and other benefits. [410B-C]
JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 811 of
1988.
399
From the Judgment and order dated 9.12.1986 of the
Punjab and Haryana High Court in C.W.P. No. 2213 of 1986 and
C.M.P. No 1519 of 1986.
P.P. Rao, K.K. Patel, P.S. Pradhan and Rajiv Dutta for
the Appellant.
Dr. Y.S. Chitale, S.C. Mahanta, S. Ramachandran,
Mahabir Singh and C.V. Subba Rao for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
SINGH, J. Special Leave granted.
This appeal is directed against the judgment and order
of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana dated 9.12.1986
dismissing the appellant’s writ petition under Article 226
of the Constitution challenging the order dated 30. 12.1986
dispensing with the appellant’s services as Addl. District
and Sessions Judge in terms of Rule 10(3) of the Punjab
Superior Judicial Service Rules, 1963.
Initially, the appellant was an advocate practising law
in the High Court of Punjab and Haryana. He was selected for
appointment to the Haryana Superior Judicial Service by the
High Court. On the recommendation of the High Court the
State Government by its order dated 14.4.1983 appointed the
appellant as Addl. District and Sessions Judge on probation
for a period of two years in accordance with Rule 10(1) of
the Punjab Superior Judicial Service Rules 1963, as adopted
by the State of Haryana (hereinafter referred to as the
Rules). The High Court by its order dated 27.4.1983 posted
the appellant to Hissar as Addl. District and Sessions Judge
where he joined his duties on 2.5. 1983. While he was posted
at Hissar certain incidents took place as a result of which
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the Bar Association of Hissar passed a resolution against
the appellant and as a result of which he was transferred
from Hissar to Narnaul as Addl. District & Sessions Judge
where he assumed charge of his office on 5.5.1984. While the
appellant was posted at Narnaul inquiry into certain
complaints against him was held by a Judge of the High
Court. After the inquiry the High Court at its meeting held
on 21.3.1985 resolved that the appellant’s work and conduct
was not satisfactory during his probationary period and as
such his services deserved to be dispensed with forthwith.
The High Court forwarded its recommendation for terminating
the appellant’s services to the State Government by its
letter dated 28.3.1985. Before the State
400
Government could issue any orders, the appellant filed a
writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution before
this Court challenging the High Court’s decision. On
14.4.1985 this court permitted the appellant to withdraw the
petition with liberty to file the same before the High
Court. The appellant thereafter filed a writ petition before
the High Court challenging the resolution of the High Court
as well as certain other consequential orders to which
reference shall be made at a later stage. A Division Bench
of the High Court by its elaborate order dated 9.12.1986
dismissed the writ petition on the findings that the
appellant’s work and conduct was not satisfactory and as he
was on probation his services were rightly terminated
without giving any opportunity to the appellant. Thereafter,
the State Government pursuant to the recommendation of the
High Court issued orders on 30.12.1986 terminating the
appellant’s services in accordance with Rule 10(3).
Aggrieved, the appellant has challenged the order of the
High Court under appeal as well as the order of the State
Government terminating his services.
Before the High Court the appellant laid main stress on
the question that the order of termination which had been
passed without holding an enquiry giving reasonable
opportunity to him to defend himself was violative of
Article 311(2) of the Constitution as the same was based on
a number of complaints and allegations as well as the report
of a Judge of the High Court who had made inquiries into the
complaints against the appellant. The High Court considered
the question in detail and recorded its finding that since
the appellant was a probationer his services could be
discharged without giving any opportunity to him in
accordance with the Rules. The High Court further held that
the inquiry which was held by a judge of the High Court was
not for the purpose of taking any disciplinary proceedings
or imposing any punishment on the appellant instead the
inquiry was held to find out the appellant’s suitability to
the service. Shri P.P. Rao, learned counsel for the
appellant, challenged the findings of the High Court and
urged that since the High Court resolved to terminate the
appellant’s services on the basis of the inquiry report
submitted by a learned Judge of the High Court, the
constitutional protection available to the appellant under
Article 311(2) of the Constitution, and the principles of
natural justice had been violated. On the other hand, Dr.
Y.S. Chitale appearing for the High Court submitted that the
resolution of the High Court did not cause any stigma to the
appellant and the inquiry held by the High Court was merely
to judge his suitability for the service. The appellant was
not entitled to the constitutional protection of Article
311(2) of the Constitution nor he was entitled to
401
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any opportunity of hearing before taking the decision for
terminating the appellant’s probationary period. We do not
consider it necessary to deal with these rival submissions
as in our opinion the High Court had no relevant material in
coming to the conclusion that the appellant’s work and
conduct was not satisfactory during his probationary period.
It appears to us as we shall presently show that the
material which was taken into account was non-existent,
while the other material was not relevant and further the
allegations which were taken into consideration remained
unsubstantiated. Having perused the entire material placed
before us we are of the opinion that the High Court
committed error in holding that the appellant’s work and
conduct was not satisfactory and that his services were
liable to be terminated.
We would now consider the facts and circumstances which
persuaded the High Court on its administrative side in
taking the decision to dispense with the appellant’s
services. On his selection the appellant was firstly posted
at Hissar where he joined his duties on 2.5.1983. While at
Hissar the appellant decided a criminal case under Sections
363/366 IPC (State v. Ram Niwas) on l0.9.1983. The appellant
acquitted the accused for the offence under Section 366 IPC
but convicted him under Section 363 IPC and released him on
one year’s probation. The accused preferred appeal against
his conviction to the High Court. Justice A.S. Bains by his
order dated 5.4.1984 allowed the appeal on the ground that
the prosecution had failed to prove its case against the
accused beyond reasonable doubt and therefore it was not
safe to maintain his conviction. In the course of his
judgment Justice Bains made the following observations
against the appellant:
"I am constrained to remark that the judgment
recorded by the trial court is extremely poor and
is not based on the evidence on the record. The
trial court seems to have wrongly convicted the
appellant."
The appellant made representation against the aforesaid
remarks but the High Court refused to grant any relief to
the appellant on the ground that the remarks awarded to him
had been made in judicial proceedings. The appellant made a
representation for placing his representation before the
learned Judge who had awarded remarks against him but that
too was not accepted. The appellant, thereafter, approached
the High Court in the judicial side by means of an
application under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure for expunging the aforesaid remarks but he could
not get any relief. Ultimately, the appellant approached
this court by means of Criminal Misc. Peti-
402
tion No. 1377 of 1987 for expunging the aforesaid remarks.
This Court A by its order dated 7th September 1987 held that
from the facts and circumstances of the case it could not be
said that the order and judgment of the Addl. District &
Sessions Judge was not based on the evidence on record and
the remarks made by Justice Bains were unwarranted. This
Court directed that the aforesaid remarks should be expunged
from the judgment in appeal. These facts show that the
remarks made by Justice Bains against the appellant were
unjustified, unwarranted and they ceased to be in force.
On 26.9.1983 while the petitioner was recording the
statement of an Assistant Sub-inspector of police in a
sessions case, an advocate of Hissar Sh. Nar Singh Bishnoi,
came into the appellant’s court and made a request to the
appellant that Thakur Dass, the Assistant Sub-inspector of
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police whose statement was being recorded as a witness in a
sessions case should be directed to appear in a complaint
case against him (the Assistant Sub-inspector of police)
pending in the court of Chief Judicial Magistrate, Hissar.
The appellant told the Advocate Sh. Nar Singh Bishnoi that
the Chief Judicial Magistrate should direct Thakur Dass the
witness to appear in his court and Shri Bishnoi might
himself bring summons and serve the same on Thakur Dass. Sh.
Bishnoi went to the court of Chief Judicial Magistrate for
bringing summons meanwhile the statement of Thakur Dass was
recorded and on being discharged from the witness box he
became free. The appellant waited for more than half an hour
but Shri Bishnoi did not turn up with the summons. Thereupon
he discharged Thakur Dass. It was not strictly his duty as a
Judge to detain the witness after his evidence was recorded
for the purpose of serving summons in a complaint case on
him. Shortly, thereafter Sh. Bishnoi, advocate, came to the
appellant’s court and finding that the witness had already
left the court he expressed his anger towards the appellant
who was still presiding over his court and threatened him
saying that he would see that no judicial officer would dare
to act in such a manner. Sh. Nar Singh Bishnoi, advocate,
thereupon addressed a letter to the President of Bar
Association requesting that a meeting of the Bar Association
should be held which read as follows:
"To
The President,
Distt. Bar Association Hissar,
Subject: To consider the behaviour of Sh.
I.C. Jain, Additional Sessions Judge.
403
Sir,
It is submitted that today i.e. On 26.9.1983, I
had presented an application in the court of Sh. I.C.
Jain, Additional Sessions Judge, Hissar in the presence
and on behalf of my client, Sh. Punam Chand, for
effecting the service of summons on accused Thakur Dass
S.I. At that time Thakur Dass S.I. was appearing as
witness in the witness box in the court of Sh. I.C.
Jain, and I.C. Jain refused to pass any order on my
application and I was asked to bring the summons. When
after obtaining the Dasti summons from the court of Sh.
L.N. Mittal, C.J.M. Hissar, in whose court complaint
was pending, I went to the court of Sh. I.C. Jain, by
that time Thakur Dass had already fled away and he was
seen going on Motor Cycle by my client. Behaviour meted
out to me by Shri I.C Jain is in fact wrong and
mishehaviour with the lawyers community at large. I
pray to all the members of Bar Association, Hissar that
matter may be considered by calling for urgent meeting.
Sd/-
Nar Singh Bishnoi, Advocate
Hissar"
On the aforesaid letter a meeting of the Bar was convened on
27.9.1983 and the following resolution was passed:
"Resolved that the attitude and the behaviour of
Shri I.C. Jain, Additional District & Sessions
Judge, Hissar towards the members of the Bar is
most deplorable, verges (sic) and condemnable for
being rude un-cooperative and insulting."
The Bar Association forwarded a copy of the resolution
to the High Court and also to the District and Sessions
Judge, Hissar. The appellant on getting information about
the resolution addressed a letter to the Registrar of the
High Court on 8.10.1983 giving his version about the
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incident and he further sought advice of the High Court as
to whether in the circumstances the witness (Thakur Dass)
should have been detained on the request of the counsel for
a party to enable him to bring summons for effecting service
on him and further whether it was the duty of the appellant
as an Addl. District & Sessions Judge to get the service
effected without their being any requisition from the
404
court of the Chief Judicial Magistrate. It appears that the
High Court did not give any reply to the appellant and the
guidance sought for by the appellant remained unattended.
These facts clearly show how the members of the Bar
Association passed the resolution condemning a judicial
officer on trifling matter without applying their mind to
the question. The appellant being an Additional Sessions
Judge was not bound by law to detain the witness to enable
counsel of a private party to bring Dasti summons for
effecting service on the said witness. The members of the
Bar practising before the court should be aware of the legal
position and they should not have indulged in passing a
resolution condemning the appellant without there being any
justifiable cause for the same. If the members of the Bar
Association pass resolution against the presiding officers
working in subordinate courts without there being any
justifiable cause it would be difficult for judicial
officers to perform their judicial functions and discharge
their responsibilities in an objective and unbiased manner.
We are distressed to find that the High Court instead of
protecting the appellant took this incident into
consideration in assessing the appellant’s work and conduct.
In May 1984 the appellant was transferred to Narnaul
and it appears that some incidents took place there also and
complaints were made to the High Court against the
appellant. On 14.9.1984 Ram Nath Mehlawat, an advocate-cum-
journalist publishing a local weekly newspaper named ’Jan
Hirdey’and who was also connected with a social organisation
’Janata Kalyan Samiti’ was assaulted by certain persons. On
a complaint made by Sh. Mehlawat, a criminal case was
registered and it was committed to sessions for trial. The
appellant convicted the accused persons except one under
Sections 325/324 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal
Code. The appellant rejected the plea of the complainant Sh.
Ram Nath Mehlawat that he was a public servant that the
injuries were caused to him while performing public duty.
The appellant held that no offence under Sections 332/353
IPC was made out. Sh. Ram Nath Mehlawat made a complaint to
the High Court against the appellant alleging that the
appellant had adjourned the case on several dates and he had
acquitted the accused of offence punishable under Sections
332/353 IPC on extraneous consideration. He further alleged
that the appellant had accepted illegal gratification in
acquitting the accused and further releasing the convicting
accused persons on probation. The allegations contained in
the complaint of Sh. Ram Nath Mehlawat were enquired into by
Justice Surinder Singh. As regards correctness of the
judgment is concerned it is relevant to note that Sh. Ram
Nath Mehlawat filed appeal before the High Court
405
against the appellant’s order releasing accused persons on
probation and also a criminal revision against the order of
acquittal on the charges under Sections 332/353/149 and 148
of Indian Penal Code and also against the order of releasing
the convicted accused persons on probation. The appeal was
dismissed on merits by Justice Tiwana, who observed that he
found no infirmity in the conclusion recorded by the trial
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judge. The learned Judge held that Ram Nath Mehlawat,
Advocate, was not a public servant though he may have been a
Project Director of Adult Education Project run by a social
organisation. The learned Judge further held that the
conclusion of the trial judge (appellant) was correct and
there was no merit in the appeal. In this view both appeal
and revision filed by Sh. Ram Nath Mehlawat were dismissed
and the order passed by the appellant was upheld.
These facts show that Ram Nath Mehlawat failed in his
attempt to get the appellant’s order set aside by the High
Court. Having failed to do so on the judicial side he made
several complaints against the appellant making wild
allegations against him about the aforesaid cases. It
appears he was instrumental in getting complaints made about
other matters also. These complaints were referred to the
vigilance judge, who enquired into those matters and the
report of the vigilance judge was placed before the full
court of the High Court on 27.7.1985. After considering the
appellant’s confidential roll the High Court resolved to
dispense with the appellant’s services.
It is asserted on behalf of the High Court that since
the appellant’s work and conduct were not found satisfactory
during the period of probation of two years the court
decided to dispense with his services forthwith.
Consequently it made recommendation to the State Government
for issuing necessary orders. The decision to dispense with
the appellant’s services was taken at the full court meeting
of the High Court held on 21st March, 1980. Along with
agenda a note was circulated to the Hon’ble Judges,
referring to five complaints out of which four complaints
had been inquired into by Justice Surinder Singh and the
fifth complaint remained without any inquiry. The report of
Justice Surinder Singh was considered by the High Court
along with appellant’s service record. The High Court formed
opinion that the appellant’s work and conduct was not
satisfactory. Since the report of Justice Surinder Singh
vigilance judge formed foundation for taking action against
the appellant, we consider it necessary to refer to the same
in detail. A copy of the report is on file on perusal of the
same we find that in all four complaints were referred to
Justice Surinder Singh who was Vigilance Judge for inquiry.
The first complaint was by R.N.
406
Mehlawat, Project Director, Adult Education. He raised a
grievance A that on July 25, 1984 the appellant convicted
the four accused but he went out of the way to institute an
inquiry against Ranjit Singh accused and also against the
defence witness for forging a document. He further released
all the convicted accused persons on probation. Shri
Mehlawat was aggrieved that though he was a public servant
the accused were not convicted under Section 332 of the
Indian Penal Code. He alleged that he had received
information that the appellant had received illegal
gratification to the tune of Rs.25,000 from the accused for
taking lenient view in the matter. The vigilance judge
recorded the statement of the appellant and other relevant
persons in his report he stated that it was difficult for
him to come to a definite finding although the allegations
contained in the complaint filed by Shri Mehlawat could not
be said without any basis but he recommended that the
complaint required further investigation. We have earlier
noted that Mehlawat had filed appeal and revision against
the appellant’s order but he failed. Justice Tiwana found no
merit in the appeal and revision and he upheld the order of
the appellant. Justice Tiwana expressly held that Mehlawat
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was not a public servant even though he was a project
Director of the Adult Education Project, and the conclusion
of the trial court was correct and there was no merit in the
appeal and revision. We are distressed to notice that even
though the High Court had upheld the appellant’s order on
the judicial side it took exception to the appellant’s
conduct in passing the orders against Sh. Mehlawat. Sh.
Mehlawat had also made allegations that the appellant had
accepted illegal gratification in instalments in giving
judgment in his case but during the enquiry by the vigilance
judge he could not produce any evidence to that effect. It
is a matter of common knowledge that many a time when a
litigant is unsuccessful he makes allegations against the
presiding officer stating that he had received illegal
gratification. Sh. Mehlawat was an unsuccessful litigant and
he was highly prejudiced and biased against the appellant.
Any complaint made by him against the appellant could not be
taken at its face value specially so when the appellant’s
order had been upheld by the High Court. The vigilance judge
did not record any finding against the appellant. He
observed that the complaint required further investigation.
The second matter in respect of which the vigilance
judge held inquiry was on the basis of an annonymous
complaint pertaining to a civil appeal entitled Sher Singh &
ors v. Mahender Singh in which it was alleged that the
appellant had during the course of arguments tried to
persuade the respondent to compromise the matter. It was
alleged
407
that after the arguments were concluded the case was
adjourned for several dates for judgment. There was no
allegation of any corruption or dishonest motive. The
vigilance judge came to the conclusion that the adjournment
of the case was unnecessary as the case was a very old one.
However the vigilance judge, further held that the complaint
being annoymous it required further probe. The third
complaint was made by Mukut Bihari Sanghi, an advocate,
practising at Narnaul. He alleged that the appellant heard
civil appeal entitled Mohan Lal v. Honda Ram on 20th
September 1984 and fixed the same for orders for 22nd
September, 1984 but the judgment was pronounced on 10th
october, 1984. We have perused the copy of the complaint
made by Shri Sanghi but there is no allegation that the
appellant committed any misconduct or that he acted on any
extraneous reasons in granting adjournment. The appellant
stated before the vigilance judge that after arguments were
completed he had fixed a date for order but as the parties
wanted to compromise, he postponed the delivery of judgment
for few days in order to enable the parties to settle the
dispute but since no settlement was communicated to the
court he pronounced the judgment on 10th october, 1984. The
vigilance judge, however, made an observation that the case
was glaring example of the manner of working of the
appellant in judicial cases. In the absence of any
extraneous circumstances, we do not find any impropriety in
a judicial officer postponing the pronouncement of the order
to enable the parties to settle the dispute. It is
interesting to note that Sh. Mukut Bihari Singhi, advocate,
was twice held guilty for contempt of court. He was
convicted for contempt of court by the High Court. He wanted
to browbeat the appellant. His complaint, however, did not
contain any allegation of corruption. The High Court failed
to appreciate that no appeal was preferred against the
appellant’s judgment in the case of Mohan Lal v. Honda Ram
as the parties were satisfied with the judgment. In our
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opinion the complaint deserved no consideration it should
have been rejected out-right. The fourth complaint had been
made by one Khem Chand, his grievance had been that his Rent
Control Appeal had been dismissed by the appellant on 24th
November 1984 and he had allowed him two months time to
vacate the premises. He applied for obtaining a certified
copy of the judgment but he could not get the same. Instead
he got the same, after inordinate delay. The appellant’s
explanation was that the copying section was not under his
control or supervision therefore he could not be blamed for
the delay caused in supplying certified copy of the judgment
to Khem Chand. The vigilance judge did not express any
opinion on this matter.
The above analysis of the report of the Vigilance
Judge would
408
show that out of four complaints the vigilance judge
expressed opinion that matter relating to item no. 1 and 2
needed further investigation and enquiry as he was not in a
position to record any definite finding on the allegations
made in those complaints. As regards the third complaint of
Mukut Bihari Sanghi there was nothing wrong in postponing
the pronouncement of the order with a view to give time to
the parties to compromise the matter. Finally, as regards
Khem Chand’s complaint the vigilance judge did not express
am, opinion on the matter. The report of the vigilance judge
does not show that the appellant’s work and conduct were not
satisfactory or that he was not fit to act as a Judicial
officer. While considering this question it must be kept in
mind that complaints, in respect of which the learned Judge
observed that the same needed further inquiry into the
matter, could not at all be considered against the
appellant. If the inquiry had been held and the appellant
had been given opportunity to place his version before the
inquiry officer, correct facts would have emerged. But in
the absence of any further inquiry as suggested by the
vigilance judge, the High Court was not justified in
considering those matters in concluding that the appellant’s
work and conduct was not satisfactory.
As regards the confidential roll of the appellant is
concerned it is noteworthy that when the High Court
considered the matter on 2 1.3.1985 the appellant’s annual
report was available only for the first year of his service
namely 1983-84. The report for that year was satisfactory.
Entry for the year 1984-85 was awarded by Justice S.P. Goyal
who was Inspecting Judge on 15.4.1985. He awarded Grade ’B’
plus to the appellant which means that appellant’s work was
good. But this entry could not be taken into consideration
by the High Court as it had already taken the decision on
21.3.1985 to dispense with the appellant’s services. We are
distressed to find that when the aforesaid entry for 1984-85
came up for consideration before the full court of the High
Court it modified the same and down-graded the entry from
’B’ plus to ’C’ which means appellant’s work was
unsatisfactory. During the hearing we asked the learned
counsel appearing for the High Court to produce material on
the basis of which the High Court modified the entry given
by Justice S.P. Goyal for the year 1984-85 but he was unable
to place any material before us to support the decision of
the High Court in modifing the entry. The modification of
the entry is therefore without any material and is not
sustainable in law. It is thus clear that so far as annual
entry on the appellant’s confidential roll is concerned
there was no material against him which could show that the
appellant’s work and conduct was unsatisfactory. The facts
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and circumstances discussed earlier clearly show that the
appellant’s
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services were terminated merely on the basis of the report
made by the vigilance judge which we have discussed in
detail earlier. The note appended to the agenda of the
meeting referred only to the inquiry report and it did not
refer to any other matter. The Vigilance Judge failed to
express any positive opinion against the appellant instead
he observed that the complaints required further
investigation. If the High Court wanted to take action
against the appellant on the basis of the complaints which
were the subject of enquiry by the vigilance judge, it
should have initiated disciplinary proceedings against the
appellant, then the appellant could get opportunity to prove
his innocense. We have already discussed in detail that the
facts stated in the complaints and the report submitted by
the vigilance judge did not show any defect in appellant’s
work as a judicial officer. While considering complaints of
irregularities against a judicial officer on probation the
High Court should have kept in mind that the incidents which
were subject matter of enquiry related to the very first
year of appellant’s service. Every judicial officer is
likely to commit mistake of some kind or the other in
passing orders in the initial stage of his service which a
mature judicial offficer would not do. However, if the
orders are passed without there being any corrupt motive,
the same should be over-looked by the High Court and proper
guidance should be provided to him. If after warning and
guidance the officer on probation is not able to improve,
his services should be terminated.
Under the Constitution the High Court has control over
the subordinate judiciary. While exercising that control it
is under a constitutional obligation to guide and protect
judicial officers. An honest strict judicial officer is
likely to have adversaries in the mofussil courts. If
complaints are entertained on trifling matters relating to
judicial orders which may have been upheld by the High Court
on the judicial side no judicial officer would feel
protected and it would be difficult for him to discharge his
duties in an honest and independent manner. An independent
and honest judiciary is a sine qua non for Rule of law. If
judicial officers are under constant threat of complaint and
enquiry on trifling matters and if High Court encourages
annonymous complaints to hold the field the subordinate
judiciary will not be able to administer justice in an
independent and honest manner. It is therefore imperative
that the High Court should also take steps to protect its
honest officers by ignoring ill-conceived or motivated
complaints made by the unscrupulous lawyers and litigants.
Having regard to facts and circumstances of the instant case
we have no doubt in our mind that the resolution passed by
the Bar Association against the appellant was wholly
unjustified and the complaints made by Sh. Mehalawat and
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others were motivated which did not deserve any credit. Even
the vigilance judge after holding enquiry did not record any
finding that the appellant was guilty of any corrupt motive
or that he had not acted judicially. All that was said
against him was that he had acted improperly in granting
adjournments.
In view of our discussion we allow the appeal, set
aside the order dated 9.12.1986 and order of the State
Government dated 30.12.1986. We direct that appellant shall
be reinstated in service, with continuity of service and
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arrears of salary and allowances and other benefits. The
appellant is entitled to the costs which we quantify at
Rs.5,000.
S.L. Appeal allowed.
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