Full Judgment Text
NON-REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 9835 OF 2016
(ARISING OUT OF SLP (C) NO. 26558 OF 2016)
STATE OF MAHARASHTRA & ORS. .....APPELLANT(S)
VERSUS
DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH & ORS. .....RESPONDENT(S)
W I T H
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 9836 OF 2016
(ARISING OUT OF SLP (C) NO. 26572 OF 2016)
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 9837 OF 2016
(ARISING OUT OF SLP (C) NO. 26567 OF 2016)
A N D
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 9838-9839 OF 2016
(ARISING OUT OF SLP (C) NOS. 27918-27919 OF 2016)
JUDGMENT
J U D G M E N T
BY THE COURT:
Leave granted
2) All these appeals arise out of the common order dated August 30,
2015 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay in the
writ petitions filed by the respondents herein. In the said writ
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petitions, Rule has been issued and during the course of
arguments we are informed that these are now listed for final
hearing on September 29, 2016.
3) Subject matter of challenge in these appeals is the interim order
which is passed by the High Court granting stay of Letter dated
August 09, 2016 issued by the Government of India through the
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Government
Resolution dated August 20, 2016 passed by the State of
Maharashtra and the consequential Notice dated August 21, 2016
of the State of Maharashtra.
4) Respondents herein are the deemed universities established
under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956
(hereinafter referred to as the 'UGC Act'). The issue pertains to
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the admission of students in MBBS/BDS courses. An All India
Test known as National Eligibility–cum–Entrance Test (NEET) has
been conducted in order to have the centralised admission
process. This NEET has been conducted by the Central Board of
Secondary Education, Delhi, on the basis of which Merit List
showing All Indian Ranking has been drawn of the successful
candidates. It is the common case of the parties that admission is
to be given on the basis of the said Merit List by the educational
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institutions. However, the process of admission is to be preceded
by counselling of eligible candidates/students. It is this
counselling which has become the bone of contention.
5) Vide the aforementioned Letter and Resolution, which have been
stayed by the High Court, a decision is taken by the Central
Government/State Government that the centralised counselling
shall be conducted by the State Government. For this purpose,
the appellants, i.e. the State of Maharashtra, supported by the
Union of India, relied upon the Constitution Bench judgment of
this Court in Modern Dental College and Research Centre &
1
Ors. v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Ors. and some other
Constitution Bench judgments including the orders passed in
2
Sankalp Charitable Trust & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors.
whereby system of NEET is restored coupled with centralised
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counselling. On the other hand, the respondent universities
maintain that being deemed universities, they are autonomous
bodies and, therefore, it is their right to undertake the counselling
process and the only rider is that they are supposed to admit the
students only from the Merit List drawn from the NEET and that
too on merit. According to them, the impugned orders issued by
the Central and State Governments are ultra-vires as the State
1 (2016) 7 SCC 353
2 (2016) 7 SCC 487
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Government has sought to exercise its powers under the
Maharashtra Act No. XXVIII of 2015 which does not apply to the
deemed universities, nay, specifically excludes the institution
declared to be a deemed university under Section 3 of the UGC
Act, as per the definition of 'Private Professional Educational
Institution' provided under Section 2(q), to which institutions the
said Act applies, regulating their admission and fees. It is also
argued that right to admit students is the fundamental right of
these deemed universities guaranteed under Article 19(1)(g) of
the Act as per the eleven Judge Bench decision of this Court in
3
T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka and any
reasonable restrictions thereupon can be imposed only by 'law' . It
is, thus, submitted that the impugned decisions and
communications which are administrative in nature, having no
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force of law, cannot take away the right of the deemed universities
to admit the students.
This is the main issue which is to be adjudicated upon and to be
decided by the High Court in the writ petitions filed by the
respondents.
6) In the impugned interim order, the High Court has taken note of
the provisions of the University Grants Commission (The
3 (2002) 8 SCC 481
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Institutions Deemed To Be Universities) Regulation, 2016 and
other statutory provisions on the basis of which it has come to the
prima facie view that the State Government cannot transgress the
powers of the deemed universities by issuing Government
Resolution, when the field of holding the counselling and right to
admit the students is occupied by the Central legislation like the
Amendment Notification dated August 05, 2016 issued by the
Medical Council of India under Section 33 of the Indian Medical
Council Act, 1956 and the aforementioned Regulation, 2016.
Sustenance is also drawn from the judgment of this Court in
Modern Dental College and Research Centre case on the basis
of which it is observed by the High Court that right to admit
students is conferred upon educational institutions. The High
Court has also extensively quoted similar interim order passed by
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the Kerala High Court on August 26, 2016 in the writ petitions
which are filed by private unaided educational institutions in the
State of Kerala. While issuing the interim stay of the impugned
orders certain conditions are also imposed, as can be seen from
paras 10 and 11 of the order of the High Court, which read as
under:
“10. Having considered the aforesaid statutory
provisions, we are of the view that the universities
coming under the purview of Deemed Universities
under Clause 2.11 of Regulation 2016 are entitled
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to admit the students as per the merit list drawn on
the basis of All India ranking of NEET. In our prima
facie view in view of the statutory provisions as
extracted above, the State Government cannot
transgress the powers of the Deemed Universities
by issuing Government Resolution. When the field
of holding the counselling and right to admit the
students is occupied by the central legislation like
Amendment Notification 2016 and Regulation 2016
the Government Resolution cannot override the
said statutory provision. We also find that the
Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Modern
Dental College (supra) has categorically held the
rights which encompass the right to occupation of
educational institutions includes “a right to admit
students”. We also find that in identical
circumstances the Kerala High Court vide order
th
dated 26 August, 2016 has stayed the
Government Resolution issued by the State of
Kerala by observing at para 9 and 10 as under:
“9. We have given our anxious consideration
to the respective contentions advanced before
us. It is contended by the learned Advocate
General that the impugned orders are issued
to ensure that students are admitted only on
the basis of merit as per the ranking in NEET,
2016. However, we notice that the admission
process itself has been directed to be done by
the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations
which is not permissible. Though it is
contended that it is for the respective colleges
to furnish to the Commissioner for Entrance
Examinations the list of students who have
applied to their colleges, and that it would be
only on the basis of such list that students
would be admitted, we are not satisfied that
the said arrangement is in accordance with the
dicta laid down by the Apex Court in T.M.A. Pai
Foundation case (supra) and P.A. Inamdar
case (supra). In the said decisions, the Apex
Court has clearly laid down that, the right to
make admissions forms as integral part of the
right of the Self Financing Institutions to
establish and administer the same. By the
impugned orders, the power of admitting
students is conferred on the Commissioner for
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Entrance Examinations. Though we had put a
pointed question to the learned Advocate
General as to what was the source of the
power that has been exercised by the State,
we have not been able to get an answer. It is
one thing to say that the admission procedure
should be fair, transparent, nonexploitative and
merit based. It is a totally different thing to say
that in order to ensure the same, the allotment
would be made by the Commissioner for
Entrance Examinations. The limited power that
the State has been conceded, extends only to
ensuring that the admission process satisfies
the criteria laid down by the Supreme Court in
T.M.A. Pai Foundation case (supra) and P.A.
Inamdar case (supra). Prima Facie, the
impugned orders by conferring the power to
admit students on the Commissioner for
Entrance Examinations has impinged upon the
right of the Petitioners to admit students.
Therefore, we are satisfied that an interim
order of stay of the impugned orders is
necessary to be granted. However, we are
conscious at the same time that, it is
necessary to ensure the admission process to
be fair, transparent, nonexploitative and merit
based. Therefore, the interim stay shall be
subject to appropriate conditions.
10. Accordingly, there shall be interim stay of
operation and implementation of the impugned
orders, G.O. (Rt.) No. 2314/2016/H&FD dated
20.08.2016, subject to the following conditions:
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(i) Admissions to the MBBS/BDS Courses
shall be only on the basis of the ranking of
candidates in the rank list of NEET, 2016 on
the basis of the interse merit among the
candidates, who have applied to the
respective colleges.
(ii) All the colleges agree that, the applications
for admission are received only through online
and that, the said process provides
transparency with regard to the merit as well
as the identities of the applicants. Such
applications shall therefore be uploaded for
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the scrutiny of the Admission Supervisory
Committee also immediately on the expiry of
the last date for submission of applications.
(iii) Since the counsel for the Admission
Supervisory Committee has voiced a
complaint that some of the colleges have not
obtained approval of the Admission
Supervisory Committee, for their prospects,
the admission process shall be proceeded with
only on the basis of a prospects, for which
approval of the Admission Supervisory
Committee has been obtained.
(iv) The Admission Supervisory Committee is
directed to either approve or disapprove the
Prospectus submitted to them for approval,
within three days of such submission.
11. Having regard to the aforesaid, we are of the
view that the impugned letter dated 9th August,
2016 issued by the Government of India through
the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the
Government Resolution dated 20th August, 2016
issued by State of Maharashtra and the
consequential notice of the Government of
Maharashtra dated 21st August, 2016 deserves to
be and are hereby stayed. However, it is made
clear that the admission as may be given by the
Petitioners shall be strictly by abiding the Clause
6.4 of the Regulation 2016 and the Petitioners shall
admit the students strictly on the basis of ranking of
the candidates in the list of NEET on the basis of
inter se merit amongst the students who have
applied to the Petitioner's institution.”
JUDGMENT
7) We may point out at this stage that the learned counsel appearing
on either side had argued the matter in great detail, touching upon
the main question of law as well which is raised in the writ
petitions. It was the endeavour of Mr. Shyam Diwan, learned
senior counsel appearing for the State of Maharashtra, and Mr.
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Ranjit Kumar, learned Solicitor General appearing for the Union of
India, that the aforesaid reasons given by the High Court in
coming to its prima facie conclusion were patently erroneous. On
the other hand, Mr. P. Chidambaran and Dr. A.M. Singhvi, learned
senior counsel, and other learned counsel appearing in the
matters, supported the impugned order and also advanced
arguments to the effect that the present case had to be tested
having regard to the provisions of the Maharashtra Act XXVIII of
2015 which excluded deemed universities.
8) We are not reproducing the submissions of counsel for both sides
in detail as these questions of law are to be determined by the
High Court in the writ petitions filed by the respondents herein.
We, therefore, do not want to make any comments on the
arguments raised by both sides so as not to influence the decision
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making process of the High Court. However, few comments are
required to be made at this stage, which are as follows:
(i) Insofar as judgment of the Constitution Bench of this Court in
Modern Dental College and Research Centre case is concerned, it
does not help the respondent universities at all. On the contrary, it is
held by this Court in the said case that the process of admission
encompasses not only Centralised Entrance Test (CET), but
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counselling as well. This is made abundantly clear by the Constitution
Bench in its recent order dated September 22, 2016 in the case of
4
State of Madhya Pradesh v. Jainarayan Chouksey & Ors. It is
amazing that it is the respondents which had taken shelter under the
aforesaid judgment in Modern Dental College and Research Centre
case, before us this argument was abandoned and the respondents
tried to distinguish this judgment, whereas the appellants heavily relied
upon the said judgment.
The question, however, is as to whether the said judgment is
applicable to the deemed universities having regard to the
provisions of the Maharashtra Act XXVIII of 2015, which aspect
has to be decided by the High Court.
(ii) Reliance upon the order dated August 26, 2016 passed by the
Kerala High Court is also misconceived as the order passed
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pertained to private unaided medical institutions and not deemed
universities. Since special leave petitions are preferred by the
Union of India against the aforementioned order passed by the
Kerala High Court, which are yet to be heard, we refrain ourselves
from making any further comments.
9) We are, however, confronted by a different situation altogether.
4 Contempt Petition (C) No. 584 of 2016 in Civil Appeal No. 4060 of 2009.
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The central issue highlighted above needs to be considered by
the High Court. In the meantime, pursuant to the impugned
orders passed by the High Court, the respondent universities,
which had invited the successful students from the Merit List
drawn on the basis of NEET to register for admission in their
respective universities, went ahead with the counselling of those
students who applied for admissions to them and a statement was
also made at the Bar that even admissions have also been done
on the basis of first counselling. So much so, classes have started
and those admitted students are attending the course. We were
informed that second and further counselling would be needed as
many such students admitted in particular courses change their
discipline of study and/or get admission in other medical
institutions, thereby resulting into vacating the seats occupied by
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them. Last date for admission in MBBS/BDS courses is
September 30, 2016. It was also argued by the learned counsel
appearing for the respondents that admission was done strictly in
accordance with the merit of the successful candidates of NEET
who had applied in their respective universities.
10) On the other hand, Mr. Diwan had made valiant effort to
demonstrate that had there been a centralised counselling, many
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students who are higher in Merit could have got admission and
they are deprived of their admission. It was pointed out that
approximately 15,000 students had registered themselves with
the State Government for taking admissions in the deemed
universities of the State of Maharashtra on the understanding that
the State would be conducting the counselling. A chart was
submitted to show that had the list been prepared in respect of
such students, the scenario would have been totally different in
contrast with the admissions given by the respondents. In
nutshell, it was contended that admission was given to many
students whose ranking is much below in the Merit List and,
therefore, admissions given by the deemed universities do not
meet the triple test of 'Fair, Transparent and Non-exploitative' .
The respondents, on the other hand, countered the aforesaid
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argument by contending that the list which was prepared by the
State Government in respect of the candidates who had
registered with them was on the basis of applications received
and it may not reflect the desire of such students to take
admission in the respondent institutions. It was argued that the
fee structure of the respondent universities was much higher than
the Government colleges and even private unaided medical
institutions and, therefore, those students who are not able to
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afford the fee may not be serious in getting admissions in their
institutions. It was submitted that many of those students who got
themselves registered with the State Government may have taken
admission in Government colleges and other educational
institutions not only of the State of Maharashtra but other such
medical institutions spread throughout the country. In nutshell,
their submission was that the exercise done by the appellants did
not filter the aforesaid factors.
11) This Court is conscious of the fact that it is dealing with the interim
order passed by the High Court and the effect of the stay order
given is that the respondent universities are permitted to do the
counselling and admit the students. Having considered the
respective submissions, our endeavour is to bring about an
equitable solution in the context of the respondents, who are
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deemed universities and also keeping in mind the developments
which have ensued.
12) We, therefore, feel that following arrangement shall meet the ends
of justice insofar as this academic year is concerned:
(i) The stay order granted by the High Court shall stand vacated and
shall not continue for future years.
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(ii) This, however, will not disturb the admissions already made by
the respondent universities. This direction is given keeping in
view that respondents are deemed universities.
(iii) Insofar as second or third counselling is concerned, that shall be
a joint exercise which means that it shall be done by the
Committee of the State Government which shall include one
representative each from these universities. The respondent
universities shall nominate their respective representatives
forthwith. It would be a centralised counselling for all the deemed
universities and not university-wise counselling. In the second or
third counselling, students will be taken by making a combined list
of those who got themselves registered with the State
Government as well as the respondent universities. This shall
ensure admission of those who are more meritorious but left out
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but are interested in taking admission in the respondent
universities (as contended by Mr. Diwan). In this process, it will
also be known as to which students are in fact interested in
getting admission to the respondent universities.
(iv) In order to undertake the counselling, all the admission records of
the respondent universities shall be handed over to the State
Government/Committee forthwith.
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(v) Since it may not be possible to complete the process of admission
by September 30, 2016, we extend the time to complete the
admission by October 7, 2016.
(vi) The appellant State as well as respondent universities shall
ensure that all seats are filled and there is no vacant seat.
We make it clear once again that the aforesaid directions are
given in the peculiar situation that has arisen. We are reminded
of the words of the Chief Justice Marshall that life of law is not
logic but the experience. We also clarify that this order is passed
in exercise of powers under Article 142 of the Constitution.
Insofar as admission process of subsequent years is concerned, it
shall depend upon the outcome of the central issue raised in the
writ petitions.
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13) Having regard to the fact that the issue raised is of seminal
importance and shall arise every year, we request the High Court
to decide the writ petitions of the respondents on merits, as
expeditiously as possible, and it would not allow the respondents
to withdraw the writ petitions. Since September 29, 2016 is the
date fixed for this purpose by the High Court, we hope that the
final hearing would start on that date and would proceed on a
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day-to-day basis.
14) The civil appeals are disposed of in the aforesaid terms.
.............................................J.
(A.K. SIKRI)
.............................................J.
(L. NAGESWARA RAO)
NEW DELHI;
SEPTEMBER 28, 2016.
JUDGMENT
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