H.V. JAVA RAM vs. INDUSTRIAL CREDIT AND INVESTMENT CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD.

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 1 of 7 PETITIONER: K.C. JAI SINGH Vs. RESPONDENT: C.R. GOVINDASWAMY CHETTIAR (DIED) & ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 09/08/1996 BENCH: KULDIP SINGH (J) BENCH: KULDIP SINGH (J) AHMAD SAGHIR S. (J) CITATION: 1996 SCALE (5)709 ACT: HEADNOTE: JUDGMENT: O R D E R C.R. Govindaswamy Chettiar (deceased), predecessor in interest of respondents 4 to 6 and C.R. Hariharaputhiran, instituted a suit before the City Civil Court at Madras seeking ejectment of the appellant from the suit scheduled properly. The appellant, in the written statement filed before the trial court, took the following objection with regard to the maintainability of the suit: 1. The suit property being a building simplicitor and not a composite lease, appellant - defendant as a tenant of the suit property was entitle to the protection under the Tamil Nadu Building (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1961 (the Act). 2. That the appellant - defendant was an assignee from the third respondent herein or the right to an extent of 1/3rd share in the income derived derived from the lease under the registered deed of assignment Exhibit B-42 dated November 21, 1983. The trial court decreed the suit and directed the ejectment of the appellant. Appeal filed against the judgment of the trial court was dismissed by a Division Bench of the High Court of the High Court by the Judgment dated January 21, 1995. This appeal by the tenant is against the judgment of the Decision Bench of the High Court. Mr. D.D. Thakur learned counsel for the appellant has raised the same two contentions which were raised before the trial court and before the trial court and before the High Court. The main question before the High Court was whether the suit property was leased out as a running cinema house http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 2 of 7 with the fixtures, machinery and furnitures as a part of the lease and as such it was a composite lease within Section 30(ii) of the Act. The High Court upheld the findings of the trial court that the lease in favour the appellant was a composite lese and as such he was not entitled to the protection of the provisions of the Act. The High Court on elaborate consideration of the terms and various clauses of the lease deed and also on appreciation of oral and documentary evidence has come to the conclusion that the leas in favour of the appellant was composite lease. No fault can be found wit the reasoning of the High Court which is reproduced hereunder : In our Opinion, the principles laid down in the above case squarely apply to the facts and circumstances of the case on hand We have already discussed the terms and condition contained in Ex. A-1 in extenso in paragraphs supra. As clearly mentioned in the lease deed, the dominant purpose of the lese, the dominant purpose of the lease, as the disclosed in the lease deed Ex. A-1, was for running a Cinema Theatre and that the lease should run the theatre in the name of Shri Kothandarama Theatre for a period of 13 years with the building, furniture, electrical fittings, etc. as set out in Schedules A and B. Under the agreement, the lessee has to pay the rent of the building and hire charges for the furnitures, fittings, etc. and also apply and obtain police permission, etc., for conducting the cinema theatre or exhibiting any films, pictures, etc. The lessee shall also pay the electricity charges, meter rent, etc. Taxes link professional tax for the business and also the licence fee for the running the cinema theatre. It is also seen from Clause 2(x) that the lessee shall bear and pay all the charges, fees etc. for running the theatre as a going concern and for exhibiting any film picture, etc thus, the intention of the parties has been very clearly spelt out in the clause referred to above. Therefore, we have no hesitation holding that the dominant purpose of the lease is for running a theatre as a going concern together with the building in which it was being run. It would, therefore, follow that the lease is composite one and that it is not governed by the provisions of the Act as contended by the appellant. It is also useful to refer to the commissioner’s report filed in I.A. No. 6148/1962 in O.S. NO. 2521 http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 3 of 7 of 1962 on the file of the Third Assistant City Civil Judge, Madras. The said suit was filed by Rukmani Bai and others against C.V. Rajagopal Chetty and another. An application for appointment of Commissioner was taken out by the defendants C.V. Rajagopal Chetty and another as petitioners. The Commissioner took out an inventory of the various articles kept in the premises as per the directions of the Court. The commissioner has found 21 items in the auditorium, five items on the switch board on the left side wall of the auditorium, 59 items of furnitures, 20 items inside the cabin and 13 items in the rewinder room. The inventory was taken by the commissioner on 22.101962. It is seen from the inventory taken that all the items required for running a cinema theatre were given to the lessee for effective running of the theatre, which includes furnitures provided, loud speaker, double speaker, etc. and all other electrical items except projectors and their accessories, which the defendant C.V. Rajagopal Chetty admitted that the three projectors and their accessories kept in the cabin room belong to the plaintiffs Rukmani Bai and others. Likewise, Ex. B-13 dated 29.11.1963, which is the lease deed executed between C.V. C.R. Govindaswami Chettair on the one hand and Rukmani Bai and K. Viswantha Singh on the other, also provides under Clause (C) that the lessee shall use the premises only as a place of exhibition of cinematograph shows in the public and shall not use the theatre for any other purpose without the written consent of the lessors and that the lessee shall not be entitled to sub-lease the premises to other, It also further provides that the lessee shall take the necessary licences for the running of the cinematographic shows as per the Rules of Cinematographic Act and places of Public Resorts Act, etc., for conducting the cinema shows in the premises in question. As per clause (m), the lessee shall at their own expense and cost being the theatre into a working condition and shall themselves apply for and obtain necessary licences to run cinema shows in the said theatre and the lessors shall http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 4 of 7 in no way be responsible for effecting any repairs, renovations or improvements to the theatre. Ex. B-11 is the decree in O.S.No. 2521 of 1962 on the file of the City Civil Court, Madras, dated 21.3.1963 between the parties to the present action. That suit was filed by the lessee for specific performance of an agreement dated 2.11.1961 by executing and registering the deed of lease in respect of the theatre known as Kothandarama Theatre, and of the furniture and electric fittings therein described in Schedules A and B thereunder in favour of the 1st plaintiff Rukmani Bai and for other reliefs. That suit was decreed and the defendants therein were directed to execute and register the deed of lease in respect of the theatre known as Kathandarma Theatre, and of the furniture and electric fitting therein, more fully described in Schedules A and B in that decree in favour of the 1st plaintiff Rukmani bai as per the agreement dated 5.11.1961. schedule B relates to the furnitures and fittings provided by the lessors to the lessees. Sixty five items of furniture viz., 24 single seat sofas, 12 double seat sofas., 125 cushion chairs, 52 wooden back benches, fire extinguishers, fire buckets, electrical fittings, etc. were given in Schedule B. Ex. A-28 is the plaint copy in copy in C.S. No. 88 if 1947 on the file of this Court. That suit was filed by Rukmani Bai and K. Viswantha Singh against the lessors herein. paragraph 3 of the plaint reads that the said theatre is equipped with furniture and fittings as a cinematograph exhibition house and that the 1st plaintiff Rukmani Bai, holds a lease of the said property where with her own machinery runs a business of cinematograph exhibitions and that the lease in her favour is dated. 1.13.1954 and is in writing and registered. Ex. B-9 is again a memorandum of agreement between the same parties, which was entered into between them to settle all their disputes and proceedings now pending in various Courts in the manner provided thereunder. Clause 10 of that agreement is relevant. It provides that the lease of the theatre and http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 5 of 7 the hiring of the furniture, fittings, etc shall be co- extensive. Thus, the terms and conditions stipulated in the various agreements referred to and entered into between the parties to this action clearly go to show that the intention of the parties is to run the theatre as a going concern with the furnitures, fittings, etc., as originally provided by the lessors and subsequently altered and provide from time to time by the lessees. As pointed out by a Division Bench of this Court in 86 L.W. 65 the question of intention of the parties will become relevant only if the terms of the transaction are not clear. In this case, the terms are very clear, simple and unambiguous and therefore, the intention also can be clearly seen and the purpose for which the building was taken is to run the business of the theatre with the fixtures, fittings, etc. There can be no doubt in holding that the intention of the parties was to enter into a transaction of lease of a going concern of theatre. So we have no hesitation in holding that Ex. A-1 is a composite lease. We answer the point accordingly and in favour of the lessors and against the lessees. We agree with the reasons and the conclusion reached by the High Court. The second contention of the appellant based on Exhibit B-42 assignment -deed dated November 21, 1983 has been dealt with by the High Court as under : "Ex. B-42 reads that Rs. 25,000 is to be paid before the Sub Registrar but admittedly not paid before the Sub Registrar. The circumstances under which Ex. B-42 has come into existence are not mentioned in the plaint in No 9075 of 1983. The 2nd defendant in O.S. No. 885 of 1984 has been made as partly viz., 2nd defendant in O.s. No 9075 of 1983. The 2nd defendant has also given all the documents to the 1st defendant for the purpose of using them in this case viz., Exs. B-1 to B-13. The 2nd defendant’s explanation that he gave them to the mother of the Ist defendant at the time of Ex. A-1 is only an after thought and not spoken to by the 1st defendant’s explanation that he gave them to the mother of Ex. A-1 is only an after thought and not spoken to by the 1st http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 6 of 7 defendant as D.W.1 says that they were in a box in a bundle. It is the case of the plaintiffs that there is a clear collusion between the 1st defendant and the 2nd defendant. The 2nd defendant as D.W. states that he has received Rs. 25,000/- There are no stakes involved for him, He wants to support the 1st defendant somehow or other. As rightly pointed out by Mr.T.V.Rakanujam, the 2nd defendant is pawn in the hands of the 1st defendant. At the time of cross- examination, the 1st defendant has been exposed for having filed documents which should be in the custody of the 2nd defendant. Even the office copy of the Execution Petition Ex. B-2 is filed by the 1st defendant. It is therefore, Highly unbelievable that the 1st defendant’s mother would have asked for that document. The 2nd defendant has given it without consulting the plaintiffs. The 2nd defendant has given it without consulting the plaintiffs. The 2nd defendant has no right to give away the documents to third parties. He has not even made a demand for the return of those documents at least after the death of the 1st defendant’s mother. He has not even informed the 1st plaintiff while handing over charge. After the cross-examination of the 1st defendant, realising that it has been exposed that the 2nd defendant has given the documents to the 1st defendant is no claiming any ownership in the Theatre but he only claims tenancy rights. Hence. we are of the view, that Ex. B-42 in these proceedings. As could be seen, in Ex. A-8, the plaintiffs and the 2nd defendant has no legal right to execute Ex. B-42. However, this point is left open to be agitated by the parties concerned before the proper forum at the appropriate stage," Although the trial court came to the conclusion that document Exhibit B-42 was not a valid document but the High Court, for justifiable reasons did not go into the merits of the question. The High Court has left the point open to be agitated by the parties concerned before the proper forum at the appropriate stage. We see no ground to interfere with the conclusions reached by the High Court. Mr. D.D. Thakur also raised an additional point According to him the Act was amended after December 21, 1970 when the lease was granted to the appellant. The precise contention is that on the date of the contract the provisions of the Act, as existed, gave the appellant full http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 7 of 7 protection and appellant could not be ejected from the suit premises except in accordance with the provisions of The Act. This point was neither pleaded nor raised before any of the courts below. We are not inclined to permit the learned counsel to raise the point at this stage. The appeal is dismissed with costs. We quantify the costs as Rs. 20,000/-.