Full Judgment Text
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REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
WRIT PETITION (C) No.76 OF 2018
ALAKH ALOK SRIVASTAVA ......PETITIONER
VERSUS
UNION OF INDIA & ORS. .......RESPONDENTS
J U D G M E N T
Dipak Misra, CJI.
The instant Writ Petition initially raised two issues, first, the
treatment of an eight month old female child who had become a
victim of a crime committed under the Protection of Children
from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (for brevity, ‘the POCSO Act’) and
the second, speedy trial and monitoring of the trials under the
Signature Not Verified
POCSO Act in a child friendly court regard being had to the letter
Digitally signed by
CHETAN KUMAR
Date: 2018.05.02
19:23:58 IST
Reason:
and spirit of the provisions contained in the said Act.
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st
2. The first prayer was dealt with vide orders dated 31
st th
January, 2018, 1 February, 2018 and 12 March, 2018. It is
necessary to note here that regard being had to the health
condition of the child, a team of doctors from the All India
Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) was sent to visit the patient
at Kalawati Saran Children Hospital. That apart, a direction was
issued to the authorities of the Delhi State Legal Services
Authority to accompany the team of doctors.
3. A team of doctors along with the competent authority of the
Delhi State Legal Services Authority examined the victim and
submitted a report. The relevant part of the report reads as
follows:
“Examination revealed 8 month old female infant
alert and active, sharing bed with another girl child.
She was breast feeding with normal vital signs (HR
120/min, Respiratory rate 32/min, no distress,
saturation 98% on room air, temperature 36.8 C).
Her weight was 5.6 kilogram and physical
appearance looks normal. Systemic examination did
not reveal any abnormality. The operated perineal
would was looking normal and the colostomy was
healthy.
Overall the child looks stable and recouping
following surgery. The surgical wound will need
regular aseptic dressings and further management
will be done as per need. In view of providing
holistic care, the team felt that the child may be
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shifted to AIIMS under care of Pediatrics Surgery,
Pediatrics & Obstetrics Department with support
from Psychiatry (for parenteral counseling). Team
talked to family (Father & Mother) took consent for
transfer of child under care by AIIMS team which
they agreed but were worried and concerned about
child’s health. Father was counseled and given
assurance for providing best care. Being less than
one year age all medical expenses will be exempted
at AIIMS under Janani Shishu Suraksa Yojana of
Government of India.”
4. Be it stated, the Member Secretary of the Delhi State Legal
Services Authority filed a status report which mentions that the
child had been shifted to AIIMS for better treatment. That apart,
the Member Secretary stated thus:
“That, in the instant case as per report received
from DLSA concerned it has stated that vide order
dated 30.01.2018 by the Court of Ld. Additional
Sessions Judge, Rohini Court an interim
compensation of Rs.75,000/ has been awarded in
accordance with Delhi Victim Compensation
Scheme, 2015. After completion of necessary
formalities i.e. bank account etc. the amount of the
said interim compensation would be disbursed
immediately through RTGS.
That, it is submitted that DLSA Secretary,
NorthWest has also visited at Kalawati Saran
Hospital and met the parents of the child in the
morning of 31.01.2018 and apprised them of their
legal rights qua Delhi Witness Protection Scheme,
2015, Delhi Victim Compensation Scheme, 2015
etc. It is also submitted Legal Services Advocate of
DLSA has been appointed for providing legal aid in
the matter.”
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5. On 12.03.2018, when the matter was listed, it was
submitted by Ms. Pinky Anand, learned Additional Solicitor
General, that the victim child had been discharged from AIIMS
but she was required to undergo another surgery which had been
th
fixed for 17 April, 2018.
6. As far as the child in the instant case is concerned, we have
been apprised that she has undergone a second surgery and she
is presently stable. Ms. Pinky Anand, learned Additional Solicitor
General, would submit that if any medical assistance is required
and the same is brought to her notice, proper care shall be
provided to the child.
7. With regard to the second aspect, on 01.02.2018, it was
urged by petitioner who appeared in person that as far as cases
under the POCSO Act are concerned, there should be speedy
disposal of such cases and on a subsequent date, information
was sought from the High Courts in respect of the monitoring of
speedy disposal of such cases.
8. When the matter was called up today, the petitioner filed a
chart stating the number of cases under the POCSO Act pending
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in various States and sought intervention of this Court for
issuing directions so that sensitivity with regard to the said
legislation is shown by the trial courts and further, there should
be a speedy trial as postulated in the POCSO Act.
9. We have heard Mr. Alakh Alok Srivastava, the petitioner,
who has appeared in person and Ms. Pinky Anand, learned
Additional Solicitor for the respondentUnion of India.
10. The POCSO Act has been legislated keeping in view the
fundamental concept under Article 15 of the Constitution that
empowers the State to make special provisions for children and
also Article 39(f) which provides that the State shall in particular
direct its policy towards securing that the children are given
opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in
conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth
are protected against exploitation and against moral and material
abandonment. The Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Act
indicate the focus for reduction of child abuse and protection of
children from the offences of sexual assault, sexual harassment
and pornography, etc. The relevant part of the Statement of
Objects and Reasons of the POCSO Act is extracted below:
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“3. The date collected by the National Crime
Records Bureau shows that there has been
increase in cases of sexual offences against
children. This is corroborated by the ‘Study on
Child Abuse: India 2007’ conducted by the Ministry
of Women and Child Development. Moreover,
sexual offences against children are not adequately
addressed by the existing laws. A large number of
such offences are neither specifically provided for
nor are they adequately penalized. The interests
of the child, both as a victim as well as a witness,
need to be protected. It is felt that offences Against
children need to be defined explicitly and countered
through commensurate penalties
as an effective deterrence.
4. It is, therefore, proposed to enact a self contained
comprehensive legislation inter alia to provide for
protection of children from the offences of sexual
assault, sexual harassment and pornography with
due regard for safeguarding the interest and well
being of the child at every stage of the judicial
process incorporating child friendly procedures for
reporting, recording of evidence, investigation and
trial of offences and provision for establishment of
Special Courts for speedy trial of such offences.”
11. In this context, it is apposite to reproduce the long Preamble
of the POCSO Act. It is as follows:
“An Act to protect children from offences of sexual
assault, sexual harassment and pornography and
provide for establishment of Special Courts for trial
of such offences and for matters connected
therewith or incidental thereto.
Whereas clause (3) of article 15 of the
Constitution, inter alia, empowers the State to make
special provisions for children;
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And whereas, the Government of India has
acceded on the 11th December, 1992 to the
Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by
the General Assembly of the United Nations, which
has prescribed a set of standards to be followed by
all State parties in securing the best interests of the
child;
And whereas it is necessary for the proper
development of the child that his or her right to
privacy and confidentiality be protected and
respected by every person by all means and through
all stages of a judicial process involving the child;
And whereas it is imperative that the law
operates in a manner that the best interest and well
being of the child are regarded as being of
paramount importance at every stage, to ensure the
healthy physical, emotional, intellectual and social
development of the child;
And whereas the State parties to the
Convention on the Rights of the Child are required
to undertake all appropriate national, bilateral and
multilateral measures to prevent –
(a) the inducement or coercion of a child to
engage in any unlawful sexual activity;
(b) the exploitative use of children in
prostitution or other unlawful sexual practices;
(c) the exploitative use of children in
pornographic performances and materials;
And whereas sexual exploitation and sexual
abuse of children are heinous crimes and need to be
effectively addressed.”
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12. In Eera through Dr. Manjula Krippendorf v. State (NCT
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, one of us (Dipak Misra, J), dwelling
of Delhi) and another
upon the purpose of the Statement of Objects and Reasons and
the Preamble of the POCSO Act, observed:
“20. … the very purpose of bringing a legislation of
the present nature is to protect the children from
the sexual assault, harassment and exploitation,
and to secure the best interest of the child. On an
avid and diligent discernment of the preamble, it is
manifest that it recognizes the necessity of the right
to privacy and confidentiality of a child to be
protected and respected by every person by all
means and through all stages of a judicial process
involving the child. Best interest and well being are
regarded as being of paramount importance at every
stage to ensure the healthy physical, emotional,
intellectual and social development of the child.
There is also a stipulation that sexual exploitation
and sexual abuse are heinous offences and need to
be effectively addressed. The statement of objects
and reasons provides regard being had to the
constitutional mandate, to direct its policy towards
securing that the tender age of children is not
abused and their childhood is protected against
exploitation and they are given facilities to develop
in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom
and dignity. There is also a mention which is quite
significant that interest of the child, both as a victim
as well as a witness, needs to be protected. The
stress is on providing childfriendly procedure.
Dignity of the child has been laid immense
emphasis in the scheme of legislation. Protection
and interest occupy the seminal place in the text of
the POCSO Act.”
1 (2017) 15 SCC 133
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13. At the very outset, it has to be stated with authority that the
POCSO Act is a gender neutral legislation. This Act has been
divided into various Chapters and Parts therein. Chapter II of the
Act titled “Sexual Offences Against Children” is segregated into
five parts. Part A of the said Chapter contains two Sections,
namely Section 3 and Section 4. Section 3 defines the offence of
“Penetrative Sexual Assault” whereas Section 4 lays down the
punishment for the said offence. Likewise, Part B of the said
Chapter titled “Aggravated Penetrative Sexual Assault and
Punishment therefor” contains two sections, namely Section 5
and Section 6. The various subsections of Section 5 copiously
deal with various situations, circumstances and categories of
persons where the offence of penetrative sexual assault would
take the character of the offence of aggravated penetrative sexual
assault. Section 5(k), in particular, while laying emphasis on the
mental stability of a child stipulates that where an offender
commits penetrative sexual assault on a child, by taking
advantage of the child’s mental or physical disability, it shall
amount to an offence of aggravated penetrative sexual assault.
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14. That apart, Section 28 which occurs in Chapter VII titled
“Special Courts” requires for designation of a Court of Session in
each district as Special Court specifically, to try offences under
the POCSO Act for ensuring a speedy trial which is one of the
fundamental objectives of the Act. Further, Section 32 stipulates
that State Government shall appoint a Special Public Prosecutor
for every Special court, so designated under Section 28, for
conducting cases only under the POCSO Act.
15. Chapter VIII of the Act deals with the procedure and powers
of theses Special Courts and the procedure for recording evidence
of the child victim. Section 33 falling under Chapter VIII provides
for various safeguards at the trial stage and ensures that various
manifold interests of the child are protected. We think it
appropriate to reproduce the relevant part of Section 33:
“33. Procedure and powers of Special Court – (1) A
Special Court may take cognizance of any offence,
without the accused being committed to it for trial,
upon receiving a complaint of facts which constitute
such offence, or upon a police report of such facts.
(2) The Special Public Prosecutor, or as the case
may be, the counsel appearing for the accused shall,
while recording the examinationinchief, cross
examination or reexamination of the child,
communicate the questions to be put to the child to
the Special Court which shall in turn put those
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questions to the child.
(3)The Special Court may, if it considers necessary,
permit frequent breaks for the child during the trial.
(4)The Special Court shall create a childfriendly
atmosphere by allowing a family member, a
guardian, a friend or a relative, in whom the child
has trust or confidence, to be present in the court.
(5) The Special Court shall ensure that the child is
not called repeatedly to testify in the court.
(6) The Special Court not permit aggressive
questioning or character assassination of the child
and ensure that dignity of the child is maintained at
all times during the trial.
(7) The Special Court shall ensure that the identity
of the child is not disclosed at any time during the
course of investigation or trial:
Provided that for reasons to be recorded in writing,
the Special Court may permit such disclosure, if in
its opinion such disclosure is in the interest of the
child.
Explanation. – For the purposes of this subsection,
the identity of the child shall include the identity of
the child’s family, school, relatives, neighbourhood
or any other information by which the identity of the
child may be revealed.”
16. Section 35 provides for recording of the evidence of the child
and disposal of the cases. The same being important for the
present purpose, it is quoted here:
“35. Period for recording of evidence of child and
disposal of case. – (1)The evidence of the child shall
be recorded within a period of thirty days of the
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Special Court taking cognizance of the offence and
reasons for delay, if any, shall be recorded by the
Special Court.
(2) The Special Court shall complete the trial, as far
as possible, within a period of one year from the
date of taking cognizance of the offence.”
17. The aforesaid provisions make it clear as crystal that the
legislature has commanded the State to take various steps at
many levels so that the child is protected and the trial is
appropriately conducted.
18. Section 37 provides that the Special Court shall try cases in
and in the presence of the parents of the child or any
camera
other person in whom the child has trust or confidence; Section
36 casts a duty on the Special Court to ensure that the child is
not exposed in any way to the accused at the time of recording of
the evidence while at the same time ensuring that the accused is
in a position to hear the statement of the child and communicate
with his advocate. The objective of the POCSO Act is to protect
the child from many an aspect so that he/she does not feel a
sense of discomfort or fear or is reminded of the horrified
experience and further there has to be a child friendly
atmosphere.
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19. Speaking about the child, a threeJudge Bench in M.C.
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opined that:
Mehta v. State of T.N. and others
“… “child is the father of man”. To enable fathering
of a valiant and vibrant man, the child must be
groomed well in the formative years of his life. He
must receive education, acquire knowledge of man
and materials and blossom in such an atmosphere
that on reaching age, he is found to be a man with a
mission, a man who matters so far as the society is
concerned.”
20. In
Supreme Court Women Lawyers Association (SCWLA)
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v. Union of India and another , this Court has observed:
“In the case at hand, we are concerned with the
rape committed on a girl child. As has been urged
before us that such crimes are rampant for
unfathomable reasons and it is the obligation of the
law and lawmakers to cultivate respect for the
children and especially the girl children who are
treated with such barbarity and savageness as
indicated earlier. The learned Senior Counsel
appearing for the petitioner has emphasised on the
obtaining horrendous and repulsive situation.”
Alice Miller, a Swiss psychologist, speaking about child
abuse has said:
“Child abuse damages a person for life and that
damage is in no way diminished by the ignorance of
the perpetrator. It is only with the uncovering of the
2 (1996) 6 SCC 756
3 (2016) 3 SCC 680
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complete truth as it affects all those involved that a
genuinely viable solution can be found to the
dangers of child abuse.”
21. Keeping in view the protection of the children and the
statutory scheme conceived under the POCSO Act, it is necessary
to issue certain directions so that the legislative intent and the
purpose are actually fructified at the ground level and it becomes
possible to bridge the gap between the legislation remaining a
mere parchment or blueprint of social change and its practice or
implementation in true essence and spirit is achieved.
22. Mr. Srivastava has provided us a chart relating to the cases
pending under the POCSO Act in all States except Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir in
respect of which the data is not available. We may take the
example of two States, namely, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar
Pradesh. The pendency of such cases in the State of Uttar
Pradesh is approximately 30884 and in the State of Madhya
Pradesh, approximately 10117.
23. It is submitted by Mr. Srivastava that in both the States, the
cases are pending at the evidence stage beyond one year. We are
absolutely conscious that Section 35(2) of the Act says “as far as
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possible”. Be that as it may, regard being had to the spirit of the
Act, we think it appropriate to issue the following directions:
(i) The High Courts shall ensure that the cases
registered under the POCSO Act are tried and disposed
of by the Special Courts and the presiding officers of
the said courts are sensitized in the matters of child
protection and psychological response.
(ii) The Special Courts, as conceived, be established,
if not already done, and be assigned the responsibility
to deal with the cases under the POCSO Act.
(iii) The instructions should be issued to the Special
Courts to fast track the cases by not granting
unnecessary adjournments and following the
procedure laid down in the POCSO Act and thus
complete the trial in a timebound manner or within a
specific time frame under the Act.
(iv) The Chief Justices of the High Courts are
requested to constitute a Committee of three Judges to
regulate and monitor the progress of the trials under
the POCSO Act. The High Courts where three Judges
are not available the Chief Justices of the said courts
shall constitute one Judge Committee.
(v) The Director General of Police or the officer of
equivalent rank of the States shall constitute a Special
Task Force which shall ensure that the investigation is
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properly conducted and witnesses are produced on the
dates fixed before the trial courts.
(vi) Adequate steps shall be taken by the High Courts
to provide child friendly atmosphere in the Special
Courts keeping in view the provisions of the POCSO
Act so that the spirit of the Act is observed.
24. The Registry is directed to communicate this order to the
Registrar General of the High Courts so that it can be
immediately implemented. With the aforesaid directions, the writ
petition stands disposed of.
…….……….................CJI.
(DIPAK MISRA)
……...............................J.
(A.M. KHANWILKAR)
..…….…..........................J.
(Dr. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD)
NEW DELHI;
MAY 01, 2018.