Full Judgment Text
1
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO(S).80978098 OF 2009
Shakeena & Anr. ..…Appellant(s)
Versus
Bank of India & Ors. ….Respondent(s)
J U D G M E N T
A.M. Khanwilkar, J.
These appeals take exception to the impugned judgment
1.
th
and order of the Madras High Court, Madurai Bench dated 10
August, 2007 in Writ Appeal (MD) Nos.145 and 146 of 2007
respectively; whereby, the Division Bench of the High Court
dismissed the writ petitions filed by the appellants praying for
Signature Not Verified
setting aside of notice issued by the respondent bank in exercise
Digitally signed by
DEEPAK SINGH
Date: 2019.08.20
17:22:08 IST
Reason:
of powers under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of
2
Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002
th
(for short, “ ”) dated 14 November, 2005 and the
2002 Act
th
consequent public notice dated 15 November, 2005 for sale of
the subject property, the public auction conducted in furtherance
th
thereof on 19 December, 2005, declaration of respondent No.3
as the highest bidder in the said public auction and the sale
th
certificate issued in his favour dated 6 January, 2006.
Briefly stated, in 2003, Shri P. Shahul Hameed and Smt.
2.
Shakeena (appellants/borrowers) were sanctioned a term loan of
Rs.10 Lacs each under Star Mortgage Loan by the respondent
bank. The accounts became NPA (NonPerforming Assets) from
th
30 June, 2004. As there was default in repayment, the
th
respondent bank issued legal notice dated 19 October, 2004 to
st
repay the dues within seven days. On 1 December, 2004, notice
was issued under Section 13(2) of the 2002 Act to the appellants,
calling upon them to discharge the loan within sixty days. In
th
reply, the appellants by representations dated 10 December,
2004, requested the respondent bank to grant time for bringing
the account in order. In view of the default in discharging the
loans by the appellants, the respondent bank, exercised its power
3
under Section 13(4) of the 2002 Act. Accordingly, constructive
possession of the mortgaged property was taken over by the
th
respondent bank on 8 February, 2005.
3. The appellants then filed S.A. Nos.21 and 22 of 2005, by
invoking Section 17 of the 2002 Act, before the Debts Recovery
Tribunal II, Chennai, challenging the notices, issued by the
th
respondent bank. On 18 March, 2005, DRTII, Chennai passed
an order in S.A. Nos.21 and 22 of 2005 staying all further
proceedings on condition that the appellants would pay Rs.1.50
Lac in each appeal. However, the appellants failed to comply with
the said order and, therefore, the order being a selfoperating
order, stood automatically vacated. Later on, S.A. Nos.21 & 22 of
2005 were eventually dismissed for nonprosecution/default on
th
28 September, 2005, for nonpayment of court fee.
The respondent bank then brought the secured property for
4.
th
sale by inviting sealed tenders vide sale notice dated 15
th
November, 2005. Notice was also given to the appellants on 14
November, 2005. The appellants herein neither objected to the
said sale notice nor challenged the same. Thus, the sale was held
th
on 19 December, 2005, in which one Mr.
4
Chidhamaramanickam, respondent No.3 herein was declared as
the highest bidder who had quoted a sum of Rs.42,51,000/
(Rupees FortyTwo Lacs FiftyOne Thousand Only). He also
deposited 25% of the sale consideration immediately, as per the
nd
rules. On 2 January, 2006, the appellants approached the
respondent bank and deposited three cheques for total sum of
Rs.25,21,446/ (Rupees TwentyFive Lacs TwentyOne Thousand
Four Hundred FortySix Only). These cheques were duly returned
th
by the respondent bank on 4 February, 2006 as it could not be
treated as a valid tender.
5. The highest bidder (respondent No.3) in the meantime had
complied with all the terms and conditions of sale as a result of
which the sale was confirmed in his favour. In that, he paid the
entire sale consideration of Rs.42,51,000/ (Rupees FortyTwo
th
Lacs FiftyOne Thousand Only) by 4 January, 2006. On
payment of sale consideration, the respondent bank credited a
sum of Rs.12,40,000/ (Rupees Twelve Lacs Forty Thousand
Only) in the loan account of appellant No.2 herein and a sum of
Rs.12,52,350/ (Rupees Twelve Lacs FiftyTwo Thousand Three
5
Hundred Fifty Only) in the loan account of appellant No.1 herein
and closed both the loan accounts.
th
6. On 6 January, 2006, the respondent bank issued a sale
certificate in favour of respondent No.3. According to the
respondent bank upon issue of sale certificate, the sale had
become final.
7. Be that as it may, the appellants filed applications for
restoration of the main proceedings before DRT. However, the
th
said applications came to be dismissed on 10 January, 2006.
Even that order has been allowed to become final by the
appellants.
As aforementioned, consequent to sale of the secured asset,
8.
a sum of Rs.24,92,750/ (Rupees TwentyFour Lacs NinetyTwo
Thousand Seven Hundred Fifty Only) was adjusted towards the
loan accounts of the appellants and a sum of Rs.10,000/
(Rupees Ten Thousand Only) towards legal expenses. Out of the
balance sum of Rs.17,48,250/ (Rupees Seventeen Lacs Forty
Eight Thousand Two Hundred Fifty Only), the bank returned a
sum of Rs.17,25,000/ (Rupees Seventeen Lacs TwentyFive
Thousand Only) to the appellant (Petitioner in Writ Petition
No.634 of 2006) by way of a bankers cheque along with letter
6
th
dated 18 January, 2006. However, the said appellant did not
encash the bankers cheque and instead returned the same. The
bank had retained a sum of Rs.23,250/ (Rupees TwentyThree
Thousand Two Hundred Fifty Only) towards future legal expenses
with the undertaking that the balance amount will be returned
after adjusting the lawyer charges/legal expenses.
9. The Appellants then forwarded demand drafts for
Rs.25,06,250/ (Rupees TwentyFive Lacs Six Thousand Two
Hundred Fifty Only), which was received by the respondent bank
th
on 17 January, 2006. According to the respondent bank, the
appellants had ante dated the covering letter as if it was written
th
on 12 January, 2006, undertaking to pay the balance amount.
The respondent bank, however, did not accept or encash the said
demand drafts as a valid tender as it were drawn in the name of
the Authorised Officer of the bank i.e. respondent No.2 herein;
and also because the sale certificate had already been issued on
th
6 January, 2006.
th
10. On 19 January, 2006 the appellants, feeling aggrieved by
the action of respondent bank for having taken constructive
th
possession of the secured assets and the notice of sale dated 14
7
November, 2005, filed subject Writ Petition (MD) Nos.634 and
635 of 2006 before the High Court of Madras at Madurai Bench
for quashing of the auction of the subject property and further to
direct the respondents to receive the amount offered by them
towards settlement of loan accounts. Respondent no.3 herein
(auction purchaser) got himself impleaded as a partyrespondent
in the said writ petitions, filed by the appellants herein, and
opposed the same.
th
The Learned Single Judge vide judgment dated 9 March,
11.
2007, allowed the writ petitions filed by the appellants herein,
holding that the appellants had a subsisting right of redemption
until the sale certificate was duly registered entailing in transfer
of the subject property. It has been noted that such registration
was not done in the present case until the filing of writ petitions
and until disposal thereof.
12. Against the judgment of the Learned Single Judge,
respondent No.3 herein (auction purchaser) filed Writ Appeal
Nos.145 and 146 of 2007 before the Madurai Bench of Madras
th
High Court. By the impugned judgment dated 10 August, 2007,
the Division Bench allowed the appeals filed by respondent No.3
8
th
herein and set aside the Order dated 9 March, 2007 passed by
the Learned Single Judge.
th
13. On 18 September, 2007, the stated sale certificate in
respect of the suit property had been registered and soon
th
thereafter on 5 October, 2007, respondent No.3 sold the
property to a third party.
14. Feeling aggrieved by the decision of the Division Bench of
the High Court, the appellants have approached this Court by
rd
way of present appeals. This Court, on 23 November, 2007,
ordered that status quo as on that date be maintained with
regard to the suit property. Later on, this Court granted leave to
th
appeal on 27 November, 2009 and the interim order continued
during the pendency of the appeals.
st
15. Be it noted that on 1 September, 2016 amendment to
Section 13(8) of the 2002 Act came into force as a result of which
the dues of the secured creditor together with all costs, charges
and expenses incurred by him are required to be tendered to the
secured creditor at any time before the date of publication of
notice for public auction or inviting quotations or tender from
9
public or private treaty for transfer by way of lease, assignment
or sale of the secured assets.
Reverting to the impugned judgment of the Division Bench
16.
of High Court, it essentially considered three points as noted in
paragraph 8 of the impugned judgment. The same reads thus:
(i) Whether the sale of the secured asset in public
auction as per section 13(4) of SARFAESI Act, which
ended in issuance of a sale certificate as per rule 9(7)
of the Security Interest (Enforcement) Rules, 2003 (in
short “the rules”) is a complete and absolute sale for
the purpose of SARFAESI Act or whether the sale
would become final only on the registration of the sale
certificate?
(ii) Whether the action of the second respondent in
not accepting the amounts paid by the borrowers and
not cancelling the sale certificate before the
registration of the sale is in derogation of section 60 of
the Transfer of Property Act, in view of the Section 37
of SARFAESI Act? And
(iii) Whether section 35 of the SARFAESI Act has the
effect of overriding section 37 of the SARFAESI Act?”
While answering the first point, the Court observed thus:
“10.7 At the outset, it is to be stated that nothing
survives in the notice dated 14.11.2005 to adjudicate,
as, on the date of filing of the writ petitions, the entire
proceedings under Section 13(4) of the Act have come
to an end and become final, by issuance of sale
certificate under subrule (7) of rule 9 of the rules on
06.01.2006. The writ petitions have been prepared and
signed by the parties only on 19.01.2006. In such
circumstances, the proper course for the borrowers
would be to prefer an appeal before the Appellate
Tribunal against the order of the Tribunal dated
10.01.2006 under the provisions of the SARFAESI Act.
10
The borrowers, however, have approached this court
invoking Article 226 of the Constitution of India.”
And again, in paragraph No.10.9
“10.9 In our considered view, the borrowers should
have approached the secured creditor or the
authorized officer before the date fixed for sale and not
after the sale, as provided under subsection (8) to
section 13 of the SARFAESI Act. As discussed earlier,
only if the borrowers approach the secured creditor or
the authorized officer before the date fixed for sale or
transfer and tender or pay all the dues to the secured
creditor, the Section creates a bar on the secured
creditor or authorized officer to proceed further with
the proposed sale or transfer. In this case, admittedly,
the date fixed for the sale was 19.12.2005. But, even
according to the version of the borrowers, they
approached the secured creditor only on 02.01.2006 in
such circumstances, the contention of the learned
counsel for the borrowers is without any basis
contrary and to the provisions contained in sub
section (8) of Section 13 of the Act.”
The Court then relied upon the decision of this Court in
B.
1
Arvind Kumar Vs. Govt. of India and Others and applying the
principle underlying the said decision concluded that registration
of sale certificate was not essential. The Court observed thus:
“10.17 The ratio laid down by the Division Bench
of this court in Arumugham, S. & 2 others v.
C.K.Venugopal Chetty & 5 others and the Supreme
Court in B. Arvind Kumar vs. Government of India and
others, referred supra, squarely applies to the case on
hand and we, therefore, have no incertitude to hold
that the sale which took place on 19.12.2005 has
become final when it is confirmed in favour of the
auction purchaser and the auction purchaser is vested
with rights in relation to the property purchased in
auction on issuance of the sale certificate and he has
1 (2007) 5 SCC 745
11
become the absolute owner of the property. Further, as
held by the Division bench of this court in
Arumugham, S. & 2 others v. C.K. Venugopal Chetty &
5 others and the Supreme Court in B. Arvind Kumar
Vs. Government of India and others, referred supra,
the sale certificate issued in favour of the appellant
does not require any registration in view of section
17(2) (xii) of the Registration Act as the same has been
granted pursuant to the sale held in public auction by
the authorized officer under SARFAESI Act.
10.18 The finding of the learned Single Judge that the
sale is not complete without registration of sale
certificate, therefore, is not sustainable in law and the
same is liable to be set aside.
10.19 If the argument of the borrowers that even after
the issuance of the sale certificate, prior to
registration, they are entitled to redeem the property is
accepted, it would make the provisions of the
SARFAESI Act redundant and the very object of the
SARFAESI Act enabling the Banks and financial
Institutions to realize long term assets, manage
problems of liquidity, asset liability mismatch and to
improve recovery of debts by exercising powers to take
possession of securities, sell them and thereby reduce
non performing assets by adopting measures for
recovery and reconstruction would fail and would open
a pandora’s box for the litigations upsetting the sale
confirmed in favour of the bonafide auction
purchasers, who invested huge money.
10.20 In view of our finding on this point, we hold that
the sale of the secured asset in public auction as per
section 13(4) of SARFAESI Act, which ended in
issuance of a sale certificate as per rule 9(7) of the
Rules is a complete and absolute sale for the purpose
of SARFAESI Act and same need not be registered
under the provisions of the Registration Act.”
While considering the second point, after noticing the Section 37
of the 2002 Act and Section 60 of the Transfer of Property Act,
12
the Court rejected the argument of the appellants for the
following reasons:
“11.4 We have more than one reasons to reject the
said contention of the learned counsel for the
borrowers.
11.5.1 Firstly, as held by us, while answering
point (i) the sale in this case has become absolute and
complete on the date when the sale was confirmed on
the appellant/auction purchaser and he is vested with
all the rights in relation to the property purchased by
him in the public auction on issuance of sale
certificate on 06.01.2006, i.e., prior to the date on
which the borrowers have approached the second
respondent for repayment, contrary to the provisions
of Section 13(8) of the SARFAESI Act.
11.5.2 Secondly, the sale certificate issued in this
case does not require any registration as per section
17(2) (xii) of the Registration Act, 1908 and our said
view is fortified with the decisions of the Division
bench of this Court in Arumugham, S. & 2 others v.
C.K. Venugopal Chetty & 5 others and the Supreme
Court in B. Arvind Kumar vs. Government of India and
others, referred supra.
11.5.3.1 thirdly, it is true that the borrowers have
the right of redemption as provided under Section 60
of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, in view of
Section 37 of SARFAESI Act and to substantiate the
said stand, the learned counsel for the borrowers relies
on the decision of the Supreme Court in Narandas
Karsondas vs. S.A. Kamtam and another, (1977) 3
SCC 247 wherein it is held that the mortgagor has a
right to redemption unless the sale of the property was
complete by registration in accordance with the
provisions of the Registration Act.
11.5.3.2 With great respect, we are of the view that
the decision of the Supreme Court in Narandas
Karsondas vs. S.A. Kamtam and another, referred
supra, is not applicable to the facts of this case. Even,
as held by the Supreme Court in Narandas Karsondas
vs. S.A. Kamtam and another, referred supra, the right
of the mortgagor to redemption continues only till such
13
time the sale of the property was complete by
registration. In this case, our finding, following the
decision of the Division bench of this court in
Arumugham, S. & 2 others vs. C.K. Venugopal Chetty
& 5 others and the Supreme Court in B. Arvind Kumar
vs. Government of India and others, referred supra, is
that the sale in this case has become absolute and
complete by the issuance of sale certificate on
6.1.2006. Further, section 17(2) (xii) of the
Registration Act, 1908 does not require registration of
a sale certificate granted to any purchaser of any
property sold in public auction by a civil or revenue
officer and it is the finding of the Supreme Court in B.
Arvind Kumar vs. Government of India and others,
referred supra, that the sale certificate issued by a civil
or revenue officer in respect of a property sold in
public auction does not fall under the category of non
testamentary documents which require registration
under Subsection (b) and (c) of Section 17(1) of the
Registration Act 1908.
11.5.4 Fourthly, the right to redeem the
mortgage, as provided in section 60 of the Transfer of
Property Act, is, of course, a very valuable right
possessed by the mortgagor. At the same time, such a
right to redeem the mortgage can be exercised before it
is foreclosed, or the estate is sold. It has been held
that the mortgagor can adopt the course provided
under section 60 of the Transfer of Property Act only
before the mortgage has filed a suit for enforcement of
the mortgage and not thereafter, vide Poulose and
another vs. State Bank of Travancore, AIR 1989 Kerala
79. In this case, as discussed earlier, the borrowers
approached the second respondent/Bank only after
initiation of the proceedings under Section 13(4) of the
SARFAESI Act, and that too after the property was
sold in public auction and the sale was confirmed in
favour of the appellant.”
The Court then proceeded to examine the third point and
considering the interplay between Sections 35 and 37 of the 2002
Act, including the dictum in Mardia Chemicals Ltd. and
14
2
Others Vs. Union of India and Others went on to observe
thus:
“12.4 As per the section 37 of the SARFAESI Act, the
provisions of this act shall be “in addition to” and “not
in derogation of” any other law for the time being in
force. There is no ambiguity in the understanding the
legislative intent behind the framing of this section.
12.5 On behalf of borrowers it is contended
that a right of redemption available to them before the
sale is completed by way of a registered deed under
the Transfer of Property Act, a law for the time being in
force, is not taken away by the introduction of the
SARFAESI Act, by virtue of section 37 of the
SARFAESI Act, as the provisions of the SARFAESI Act
and the rules framed thereunder shall be in addition
to and not in derogation of the right of redemption
conferred under the transfer of property act. But, we
have already rendered a finding that the registration of
sale certificate as per section 17(2)(xii) of the
Registration Act is not mandatory for the completion of
the sale pursuant to the public auction and issuance
of the sale certificate under the scheme of the
SARFAESI Act. Assuming, the right of redemption
conferred under the Transfer of Property act is
protected under Section 37 of the SARFAESI Act, and
independently available without reference to the
registration of the sale certificate under Section 17(2)
(xii) of the Registration Act, the sale already effected
satisfying the conditions contemplated under Section
13(8) of the SARFAESI Act, shall by virtue of section
37 of the SARFAESI Act, prevail over such other rights,
much less the right of redemption conferred under
transfer of property act, which is protected under
section 37 of the SARFAESI Act, in view of the non
obstante clause provided under section 35 of the
SARFAESI Act, because a non obstante clause
provided under section 35 of the SARFAESI Act makes
it clear that even though there are inconsistencies to
such other rights conferred under any other law for
the time being in force that are protected under
section 37 of the SARFAESI Act, the action initiated
2 (2004) 4 SCC 311
15
under the provisions of the SARFAESI Act shall have
the overriding effect as per section 35 of the SARFAESI
Act, because SARFAESI Act is a special act which aims
to accelerate the growth of economy of our country
empowering the lenders, namely Nationalized Banks,
Private Sector banks and other Financial Institutions
to realize their dues from the defaulted borrowers who
are very lethargic in repayment of the loans borrowed
by them, by exercising their right of expeditious
attachment and foreclosure for the enforcement of
security and therefore, sections 35 and 37 of the
SARFAESI Act have to be read conjointly to achieve the
object of the SARFAESI Act, but not to defeat the same
and therefore, we do not see any conflict between
them.”
On the above analysis, the Division Bench of the High Court
allowed the appeals filed by respondent No.3 and dismissed the
writ petitions filed by the appellants.
17. The appellants would contend that as per 2002 Act and
Rules framed thereunder, the right of the mortgagor to redeem
the mortgage gets extinguished only upon registration of the sale
certificate, resulting in transfer of the auctioned property. For
that, reliance has been placed on the exposition in Narandas
3
and in particular in
Karsondas Vs. S.A. Kamtam and Another
4
Mathew Varghese Vs. M. Amritha Kumar and Others .
Reliance is also placed on a recent decision of this Court (three
Judge Bench) in Dwarika Prasad Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh
3 (1977) 3 SCC 247
4 (2014) 5 SCC 610
16
5
and Others . The appellants have assailed the conclusion
recorded in the impugned judgment that registration of sale
certificate was not essential on the ground that the same was
based on a decision in B. Arvind Kumar (supra), which had no
application to the public auction conducted under the provisions
of the 2002 Act. On the other hand, registration of sale certificate
is the quintessence for transfer of the auctioned property in
favour of the auction purchaser. In that, the public auction
conducted under the 2002 Act by the secured creditor is not on
account of order of any court; and neither is the Authorised
Officer a Civil or Revenue Officer for the purposes of Section 17(2)
(xii) of the Registration Act. Reliance is placed on Rule 2(a) of the
Enforcement Rules, which defines Authorised Officer as an officer
not less than a Chief Manager of a Public Sector Bank or
equivalent, as specified by the Board of Directors or Board of
Trustees of the secured creditor or any other person or authority
exercising power of superintendence, direction and control of the
business or affairs of the secured creditor, as the case may be, to
exercise the rights of a secured creditor under the 2002 Act.
5 (2018) 5 SCC 491
17
Thus, the Authorised Officer is essentially an employee of the
bank and not a Civil or Revenue Officer as such. There is no
deeming provision in the 2002 Act or the Rules framed
thereunder, to construe the Authorised Officer of the bank as a
civil or revenue officer for the purpose of Section 17(2)(xii) of the
Registration Act.
18. It is then submitted that public auction of the subject
property has been conducted without a valuation report by an
approved valuer as required under the Enforcement Rules, 2002.
Further, the reserve price fixed by the respondent bank as
Rs.40,00,000/ (Rupees Forty Lacs Only) did not reflect the
actual market value of the property on the date of auction. The
value ought to have been no less than Rs.2 Crores. Reliance is
placed on
J. Rajiv Subramaniyan and Another Vs. Pandiyas
6
and Others to contend that the secured creditor has a duty to
ensure that the borrower gets maximum yield from the sale of the
assets, failing which the auction sale would vitiate. As regards
the subsequent sale of subject property by respondent No.3 to
third party, it is contended that the same is hit by the doctrine of
6 (2014) 5 SCC 651
18
in terms of Section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act,
lis pendens
1882. Further, the subsequent purchaser is not a bonafide
purchaser for consideration without notice; and in any case
cannot be heard to resist the claim of the appellants which ought
to succeed against the respondent bank and the auction
purchaser (respondent No.3). Reliance is placed on T. Ravi and
7
Another Vs. B. Chinna Narasimha and Others and Kirpal
8
to buttress the above
Kaur Vs. Jitender Pal Singh and Others
submissions. It is lastly contended that this Court, in the
peculiar facts of the present case, must exercise powers under
Article 142 of the Constitution of India to declare the subsequent
sale of the mortgaged property as null and void and direct the
concerned persons to immediately handover the vacant and
peaceful possession thereof to the appellants.
19. The respondent No.1(bank) and respondent No.2
(Authorised Officer of the bank) would however, submit that the
appellants failed to deposit the dues payable to the respondent
bank in terms of Section 13(8) of the 2002 Act as applicable at
the relevant time and did not challenge the notice of auction
7 (2017) 7 SCC 342
8 (2015) 9 SCC 356
19
before the date of auction despite sufficient opportunity was
given to them in that behalf. Whereas, the auction was conducted
th
on 19 December, 2005 and respondent No.3 being the highest
th
bidder was issued sale certificate on 6 January, 2006 upon
th
payment of the consideration amount on 4 January, 2006. With
issuance of sale certificate, it is urged that the sale transaction in
favour of respondent No.3 had become final. According to the
respondents Section 13(8) of the 2002 Act, mandates tender of
the dues by the debtor/borrower to the secured creditor at any
th
time before the date fixed for sale which in this case was 19
December, 2005. Our attention was invited to the fact that sub
section (8) has undergone a change and has been made more
stringent, requiring tender of dues to the secured creditor
together with all costs, charges and expenses incurred by him at
any time before the “date of publication of notice” for public
auction or inviting quotations or tender from public or private
treaty for transfer by way of lease, assignment or sale of the
secured assets.
20. It is then urged that the appellants had failed to make a
valid tender to pay the outstanding dues till the date of
20
th
registration of the sale certificate on 18 September, 2007.
Indeed, the appellants had deposited a sum of rupees twentyfive
th
lac by 4 January, 2006, but that amount was deposited in the
account of the father of appellant No.2. Thus, the respondent
bank did not accept the same as a valid tender made by the
appellants towards the loan accounts. Similarly, the cheques
nd
issued by the appellants on 2 January, 2006 in the sum of
Rs.25,21,446/ (Rupees TwentyFive Lacs TwentyOne Thousand
Four Hundred FortySix Only), were of no avail not being a valid
tender as per the agreed terms. The third attempt was allegedly
made by the appellants, to pay the dues in the form of demand
drafts for an aggregate amount of Rs.25,06,250/ (Rupees
th
TwentyFive Lacs Six Thousand Two Hundred Fifty Only), on 18
January, 2006. That again is of no avail as the demand drafts
were drawn in the name of respondent No.2 i.e. Shri B.
Jagathkumar (Authorised Officer) instead of in the name of the
respondent bank. Hence, even this was not a valid tender.
Notably, the appellants made no attempt to deposit the amount
in their loan accounts until the impugned decision was passed by
the Division Bench including the date of registration of sale
21
th
certificate on 18 September, 2007. The sale in favour of
respondent No.3 stood complete and final on that day.
It is urged that the exposition in the decisions pressed into
21.
service by the appellants in Mathew Varghese (supra) and
(supra), in fact, would go against the
Dwarika Prasad
appellants. Further, the High Court was right in concluding that
the sale certificate issued in favour of respondent No.3 did not
require registration and that the sale process was complete on
th
issuance of the sale certificate on 6 January, 2006. For this,
reliance has been placed on the dictum in
B. Arvind Kumar
(supra). Additionally, reliance is placed upon the provisions of
Rule 65 of Schedule II of Income Tax Act, 1961 as applicable at
the relevant time. Lastly, it is contended that the appellants have
failed to avail alternative efficacious remedy against the order
th
dated 10 January, 2006 passed by the Debt Recovery Tribunal
dismissing the proceedings initiated by the appellants to
challenge the action taken by the respondent bank under Section
13(4) of the 2002 Act. It is urged that the appellants should be
22
non suited on the basis of the dictum in Kanaiyalal Lalchand
9
.
Sachdev and Others Vs. State of Maharashtra and Others
22. The respondent No.3, besides supporting the view taken by
the High Court in the impugned judgment, would additionally
urge that the said respondent has paid the entire consideration
amount, Rs.42,51,000/ (Rupees FortyTwo Lacs Fifty One
th
Thousand Only), on 4 January, 2006. Whereafter, the sale
th
certificate was issued in his favour on 6 January, 2006. The
th
appellants, however, filed writ petitions only on 19 January,
2006. The appellants did not avail the option of redemption by
tendering the dues to the respondent bank before the date fixed
th
for sale or public auction which in this case was 19 December,
2005. Furthermore, the legal notice issued at the instance of
appellants also does not clearly indicate their intention to redeem
the mortgage by closing loan accounts and readiness and
willingness to pay the entire dues. The tender made by the
appellants was not a valid tender and no fault can be found with
the respondent bank for having returned the cheques/drafts and
not to encash the same. Further, after the High Court rendered
9 (2011) 2 SCC 782
23
th
the impugned decision on 10 August, 2007, the sale certificate
th
has been duly registered on 18 September, 2007 and even until
that date no valid offer or tender has been made by the
appellants for payment of the outstanding dues to the respondent
bank. The title of the subject property had already passed on to
respondent No.3. Therefore, respondent No.3 was within his
rights to sell the property to a third party by a registered sale
th
deed on 5 October, 2007. By not impleading the subsequent
purchaser, the civil appeals cannot proceed any further and no
relief can be granted to the appellants.
We have heard Dr. A. Francis Julian, leaned Senior Counsel
23.
for the appellants, Mr. Pranab Kumar Mullick, Advocate for
respondent Nos.1 & 2 and Mr. K.K. Mani, Advocate for
respondent No.3.
24. After cogitating over the factual matrix and perusing the
relevant records, it is seen that the ground of challenge
considered by the High Court at the behest of the appellants in
the impugned judgment, in our opinion, has become unavailable.
In that, the matter proceeded before the High Court for setting
aside the entire auction process on the premise that the sale
24
certificate was yet to be registered in favour of the highest bidder
(respondent No.3); and the appellants had made (unsuccessful)
attempts to exercise their right of redemption by offering the
outstanding dues to the respondent bank. It was argued by the
appellants that only upon registration of the sale certificate, the
right of the borrower to redeem the mortgage would get
extinguished and obliterated.
25. Indisputably, after the disposal of the writ appeals by the
Division Bench of the High Court vide impugned judgment on
th
10 August, 2007, the auction purchaser (respondent No.3) got
th
the sale certificate registered on 18 September, 2007 and then
th
transferred the property by a registered sale deed on 5 October,
2007 to third party. It is not the case of the appellants that some
interim injunction prohibiting respondent No.3 from registering
the sale certificate or transferring the suit property, was
operating against him after the decision of the Division Bench of
High Court. In fact, the impugned judgment was not even carried
in appeal before this Court by the appellants until then. The
th
special leave petitions came to be filed only on 13 October, 2007
rd
and order of status quo was passed by this Court on 23
25
November, 2007. In other words, there has been a paradigm shift
in the rights of the parties upon registration of the sale certificate
th
on 18 September, 2007 and also because of the registered sale
th
deed in favour of third party on 5 October, 2007. The contention
pursued before the High Court by the appellants, therefore, has
now become unavailable.
26. Be it noted that the appellants had allowed the action taken
by the respondent bank under Section 13(4) of the 2002 Act, to
become final consequent to the order of the DRT rejecting
challenge thereto due to noncompliance of the conditional order.
Even the subsequent application for restoration of the DRT
proceedings came to be rejected. The appellants then filed the
th
subject Writ Petition (C) Nos.634635 of 2006 on 19 January,
2006, by which date the auction had already concluded including
the sale certificate was issued in favour of the highest bidder on
th
6 January, 2006. Moreover, the principal assertion of the
appellants before the High Court was that they were wanting to
exercise their right of redemption of mortgage, but due to
fortuitous situation and the inappropriate stand taken by the
respondent bank were prevented from doing so. No other plea
26
was pursued by the appellants in support of the reliefs claimed
by them before the High Court, as can be discerned from the
three points formulated in paragraph No.8 of the impugned
judgment (reproduced in paragraph No.16 hereinabove). The
appellants cannot be permitted to assail the auction process on
any other count.
27. Reverting to the stand taken by the appellants that they had
attempted to exercise their right of redemption by depositing an
th
aggregate sum of Rupees Twenty Five Lacs on 30 December,
th
2005 and 4 January, 2006, in the account of the father of
appellant No.2 followed by issuing cheque(s) in the aggregate sum
of Rs.25,21,446/ (Rupees TwentyFive Lacs TwentyOne
nd
Thousand Four Hundred FortySix Only), on 2 January, 2006;
and once again offering the amount by demand drafts in the sum
of Rs.25,06,250/ (Rupees TwentyFive Lacs Six Thousand Two
th
Hundred Fifty Only), on 18 January, 2006. This stand though
attractive at the first blush, will have to be stated to be rejected.
On the other hand, we find substance in the stand taken by the
respondent bank that none of the above was a valid tender so as
to extricate or discharge the appellants from their obligation to
27
deposit the outstanding dues payable by them before the
specified date. In that, the amount was allegedly deposited by
them in the account of the father of appellant No.2 and not in
their loan accounts as such. Unless the amount was
transferred/deposited in the loan accounts of the appellants in
relation to which the mortgage operated, it would not be a valid
tender for paying the outstanding dues. Similarly, on the second
occasion the appellants attempted to pay in the form of cheque(s)
nd
issued on 2 January, 2006. However, as per the terms and
conditions for grant of loan payment by cheque(s) was not
permissible. Thus, the respondent bank was not obliged to accept
the amount in the form of cheque(s). The respondent bank,
therefore, justly declined to accept the cheque(s), not being a
valid tender. Even the third attempt made by the appellants was
to offer demand drafts drawn in favour of or in the name of the
Authorised Officer of the respondent bank and not in the name of
the bank or authorising the bank to appropriate it towards the
subject loan accounts. Hence, these demand drafts were rightly
not accepted as a valid tender.
28
28. Notably, the appellants took no steps, whatsoever, to pay
the outstanding dues to the respondent bank by way of a valid
tender nor moved any formal application before the High Court
after filing of the writ petitions on 19 January, 2006, to permit
them to deposit the requisite amount either in the concerned loan
accounts or in the court. That was not done even until the
disposal of the writ petitions by the Single Judge or during the
pendency of the writ appeals before the Division Bench and until
the disposal thereof vide the impugned judgment. We must also
notice the stand taken by the respondent bank that even the
legal notice sent by the appellants to the respondent bank, in no
way expresses unambiguous commitment of the appellants to
exercise their right of redemption. Suffice it to observe that the
appellants, for reasons best known to them, have not chosen to
deposit the amount in the loan accounts or attempted to seek
th
permission of the Court to deposit the same in Court from 19
January, 2006 immediately after filing of writ petitions or for that
th
matter until the registration of the sale certificate on 18
September, 2007. In this backdrop, it is not possible to
countenance the stand of the appellants that they had made a
29
valid tender to the respondent bank or that the respondent bank
had mischievously or malafide rejected their offer to defeat their
rights, to redeem the mortgage before registration of the sale
th
certificate on 18 September, 2007.
29. A fortiorari, it must follow that the appellants have failed to
exercise their right of redemption in the manner known to law,
th
muchless until the registration of the sale certificate on 18
September, 2007. In that view of the matter no relief can be
granted to the appellants, assuming that the appellants are right
in contending that as per the applicable provision at the relevant
time (unamended Section 13(8) of the 2002 Act), they could have
exercised their right of redemption until the registration of the
sale certificate – which, indisputably, has already happened on
th
18 September, 2007. Therefore, it is not possible to
countenance the plea of the appellants to reopen the entire
auction process. This is moreso because, the narrative of the
appellants that they had made a valid tender towards the subject
loan accounts before registration of the sale certificate, has been
found to be tenuous. Thus understood, their right of redemption
th
in any case stood obliterated on 18 September, 2007. Further,
30
the amended Section 13(8) of the 2002 Act which has come into
st
force w.e.f. 1 September, 2016, will now stare at the face of the
appellants. As per the amended provision, stringent condition
has been stipulated that the tender of dues to the secured
creditor together with all costs, charges and expenses incurred by
him shall be at any time before the “date of publication of notice”
for public auction or inviting quotations or tender from public or
private deed for transfer by way of lease assessment or sale of the
secured assets. That event happened before the institution of the
subject writ petitions by the appellants.
Having said thus, in the peculiar facts of the present case,
30.
we do not deem it necessary to dilate further on the argument
that registration of the sale certificate in relation to the auction
conducted under the 2002 Act is essential. Similarly, it is not
necessary to examine other grounds urged by the appellants, in
light of our conclusion that the appellants have failed to make a
valid and legal tender to the respondent bank before the issue of
th
sale certificate on 6 January, 2006, muchless registration
th
thereof on 18 September, 2007.
31
31. For the view we have taken, it is not possible for us to
countenance the argument of the appellants that we should
exercise plenary powers under Article 142 of the Constitution of
India. The reported decisions pressed into service by both sides
also need not detain us as the appellants have, in law, lost their
option to exercise right of redemption, consequent to registration
th
of the sale certificate on 18 September, 2007 and their failure to
pay the dues to the secured creditors before that date.
32. Accordingly, these appeals must fail and same are
dismissed with no order as to costs. Ordered accordingly.
33. All applications are also disposed of in the above terms.
……………………………..J
(A.M. Khanwilkar)
……………………………..J
(Ajay Rastogi)
New Delhi;
August 20, 2019.