Full Judgment Text
* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
nd
% Reserved on: 22 January, 2026
th
Pronounced on: 16 March, 2026
+ Crl.A.109/2026
STATE NCT OF DELHI .....Petitioner
Through: Mr. Shoaib Haider, APP for State.
versus
SHIV SHANKER
S/o Sh. Manoj Dass
R/o H.No.2207, Apni Colony,
Alipur Gardhi, Delhi. .....Respondent
Through:
CORAM:
HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE NEENA BANSAL KRISHNA
J U D G M E N T
NEENA BANSAL KRISHNA, J.
1. A Criminal Appeal under Section 378(1)(b) of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as “Cr.P.C”) has been filed on
behalf of the Appellant/State to challenge the Judgment dated 24.12.2019,
whereby learned CMM-04 (North), Delhi has acquitted the
Accused/Respondent, Shiv Shankar for the offence under section 279/304A
of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter referred to as “IPC”) in case
FIR No.420/2012 registered at P.S. Alipur, Delhi.
2. The facts in brief are that on 05.12.2012 at about 11 A.M., one child,
Veer @ Aditya, aged about 2 years was run over allegedly by the TATA
Ace Truck bearing registration No. DL 1LP 6713, which was being driven
in a rash and negligent manner, by the Respondent. The child was taken to
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SRHC Hospital immediately by his mother, Babli and other neighbours, but
the child was declared “ dead ”.
3. On receipt of information about the accident vide DD No.15. SI Satbir
Singh who along with Const. S.K. Jahangir, reached the spot where the
respondent and the offending truck were standing.
4. ASI Omender Kumar took over the investigations. He reached the
spot Const. Sunil Kumar was left on the spot and he went to the Hospital,
where the child had already been declared dead. He recorded the statement
of eye witness, Sh. Ashok Kumar, father of the child, and got the FIR
No.420/2012 P.S. Alipur, registered.
5. During the investigation, statements of witnesses were recorded. On
completion of investigations, the Chargesheet was filed in the Court.
6. Charge under Section 279/304A IPC was framed against the
Accused/Respondent on 12.05.2014, to which he pleaded not guilty and
claimed trial.
7. During the investigation, statements of PW1, Ashok Kumar , father,
PW2, Ram Das Dhimar, the Uncle and PW4, Babli, mother were recorded,
who deposed about the manner of the accident.
8. The statement of PW3, Manoj Dass, owner of the TATA Ace Truck
was also recorded who was served with a Notice under Section 133 M.V.
Act Ex.PW3/A. wherein he stated that the vehicle was being driven by his
son, who had been apprehended on the spot.
9. PW11, SI Satbir Singh , along with PW10, Const. S.K. Jahangir, had
reached the spot on receiving the information about the accident vide DD
No.15.
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10. PW7, ASI Omender Kumar was the I.O., who conducted the
investigations, and was joined by PW11, SI Satbir Singh and Const. Sunil.
11. The Chargesheet was filed against the Respondent under Section
279/304A IPC.
12. The Statement of the Accused was recorded under Section 313
Cr.P.C., wherein he denied all the incriminating evidence and the material
put to him. However, he explained that he had parked his vehicle on the
side of the road and had gone to a nearby school, for delivering food. When
he returned from the school and started his vehicle, he noticed that a child
had come beneath the Truck. He, did not examine any witness in support of
his defence.
13. The learned CMM considered the testimony of PW1, Ashok Kumar,
PW2, Ram Das Dhimar and PW4, Babli and concluded that they were not
the eye witnesses and there was no evidence brought on record by the
Prosecution, to show that the vehicle indeed was being driven in a rash and
negligent manner by the Respondent. Consequently, benefit was given to the
Respondent who was thereby, acquitted.
14. Aggrieved by the acquittal, the State has preferred the present Appeal.
The grounds of challenge are that the evidence recorded before the Trial
Court, has not been appreciated correctly. It was a crystal-clear case about
the identity of the Accused and the offending vehicle. The Accused was the
person who was driving the offending vehicle and the death of the child,
were established. The Prosecution, therefore, successfully proved that the
vehicle was being driven in a rash and negligent manner.
15. PW1, Ashok Kumar the eye witness fully supported the case of the
Prosecution. The testimony of PW1 has not been appreciated correctly, to
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conclude that he was not an eye witness. The evidence on record, proved
that the child was crushed under the tyre of the offending vehicle, which in
itself is indicative of negligence and indifference to the consequence of such
driving, on the part of the Respondent.
16. The Post-Mortem Report shows that the cause of death of the child
was due to cranio-cerebral damage, consequent upon head injury possible
due to run over by a vehicle.
17. The testimony of PW1, 2 and 4, has been erroneously discarded by
the Police. PW3, Manoj Das owner of the Truck, had admitted that the
Truck was being driven by his son the Respondent at the time of accident.
Even a mild brush with a big vehicle like truck, is likely to result in the loss
of life of a person.
18. Reliance is placed on Ravi Kapur vs. State of Rajasthan (2012) 9 SCC
284 wherein the Apex Court has held that in order to prove an offence under
Section 279 IPC the preliminary conditions are: (i) the manner in which the
vehicle was driven; (ii) it being driven either rashly or negligently; and (iii)
such rash and negligent driving should be such so as to endanger human life.
Once, the ingredients are established, the penalty contemplated under
Section 279 IPC, is attracted. Even if the driver of the vehicle is driving at
slow speed, but in a reckless and negligent manner, it would amount to rash
and negligent driving.
19. The legal maxim „res ipsa loquitur‟ (things speak for itself), as a rule
of evidence is very much applicable in the present case, when the nature of
accident and attending circumstances would reasonably lead to the
conclusion that in absence of negligence, the accident would not have
occurred. The maxim serves a two-fold purpose; firstly, where an accident
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is caused by negligence for which the opposite party is responsible and
secondly, it is applied even in cases where the complainant is able to prove
the accident but cannot prove how the accident occurred.
20. The Respondent in his Statement under Section 313 Cr.P.C, wherein
he has admitted that the child came beneath his vehicle. There is thus, over-
whelming evidence, to prove the offence under Section 279/304 A IPC.
21. The learned CMM while ignoring the incriminating evidence
produced by the Prosecution, has erroneously absolved the Respondent. It
is, therefore, submitted that the Judgment of acquittal dated 14.12.2019 be
set aside and Respondent be convicted and sentenced.
22. The learned counsel for the Respondent had opposed the Appeal
and had submitted that there was no error in the Judgment and the Appeal
was liable to be dismissed.
Submissions heard and record perused .
23. It is an unfortunate case where a two-year child came under the wheel
of the offending Truck and died. The Respondent/Shiv Shankar has been
acquitted under Section 279 IPC (Rash driving or riding on a public way)
and Section 304A IPC (Causing death by negligence) .
24. For fastening criminal liability under Sections 279/Section 304A IPC,
the prosecution is required to prove beyond reasonable doubt, that the
accused was driving the vehicle in a rash or negligent manner and that such
rashness or negligence was the direct and proximate cause of the death .
25. In the case of Braham Dass vs. State of Himachal Pradesh , (2009) 7
SCC 353, the Hon’ble Apex Court had observed as under:
“8. Section 279 deals with rash driving or riding on a
public way. A bare reading of the provision makes it clear
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that it must be established that the accused was driving any
vehicle on a public way in a manner which endangered
human life or was likely to cause hurt or injury to any other
person. ….. Therefore, for bringing in application of either
Section 279 or 304-A it must be established that there was
an element of rashness or negligence …”
26. The essential facts to be established, in order to prove an offence
under Section 279 IPC, were explained by the Apex Court in Ravi Kapur,
(supra) as: (i) the manner in which the vehicle was driven; (ii) it being
driven either rashly or negligently; and (iii) such rash and negligent driving
should be such so as to endanger human life. Once, the ingredients are
established, the penalty contemplated under Section 279 IPC, is attracted.
27. In the light of the aforesaid, the Prosecution‟s case may be
considered.
28. The information of the accident was received vide DD No.14A dated
05.12.2012, Ex.PW5/A wherein it had been recorded that an information
had been received at 11:20 A.M. that a two-year child has been injured in
the accident. PW11, SI Satbir had admittedly, immediately reached the spot,
where he met PW7, ASI Omender Kumar, who handed over the Accused
along with the offending vehicle.
29. The Respondent, who was the driver of the offending vehicle, was
apprehended on the spot along with the offending vehicle. This is
corroborated by the testimony of PW3, Manoj Das who deposed that he was
the owner of the offending vehicle which was being driven by his son, Shiv
Shankar/Respondent. He disclosed this fact in his Reply, Ex.PW3/A to the
Notice under Section 133 M.V. Act that was served upon him by PW7, ASI
Omender Kumar.
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30. The Respondent, as well admitted that he was driving the vehicle, at
the time of accident and a child came under his vehicle.
31. The factum of demise of the child in the road accident is also
confirmed by MLC, Ex.P1 which records that the child was brought to the
Hospital at 11:10 A.M by the mother Babli and was declared dead on
account of the injuries suffered by the child . In the Post-Mortem Report of
the child, Ex.P2 it is mentioned that the death was due to cranio-cerebral
damage consequent upon head injury possible due to run over by a vehicle,
as alleged.
32. The aforesaid Prosecution evidence, therefore, established that the
accident took place with the offending vehicle which was being driven by
the Respondent at 11 A.M. on 05.12.2012, in which one child aged about
two years, died.
33. The sole question that therefore, remained for determination was:
whether the accident occurred due to rash and negligent driving of the
offending vehicle by the Respondent.
34. The first material witness examined by the Prosecution was PW1,
Ashok Kumar, father of the child who was cited as the eye witness. He had
deposed that on 05.12.2012 at about 11 A.M., while he was standing outside
his house, he saw that his son who was sitting on the side of the road was
crushed under the tire of the offending vehicle. He along with the public
persons apprehended the vehicle and the driver. Subsequently, on his
statement, Ex.PW1/A, the FIR was registered. The Respondent/Shiv
Shankar was arrested vide Memo, Ex.PW1/B. This witness was cross-
examined in extenso , who explained that while he was employed and the
duty hours in his factory were from 9 A.M. to 6 P.M., but on the date of
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accident, he on account of his illness, had not gone to the factory. He
further deposed that he along with his wife, Babli had taken his son to
SRHC Hospital, where he was declared dead. He further explained that his
brother, Ram Das who lives in a village had been visiting their house and
was also present at the time of the accident.
35. Essentially, there is not much which emerged in his cross-
examination, to show that he was not an eye witness to the accident. The
testimony of PW1 stood through cross-examination and there was nothing to
disbelieve his testimony. Moreover, PW7, ASI Omender has also stated that
Ashok Kumar was present and his statement was recorded at about 01:40
P.M. on which the FIR was registered.
36. The accident may have taken placed at 11 A.M., but PW1 had
deposed that he was unwell and had not gone to the office that day, which
has not been discredited in any manner.
37. The other ground for disbelieving his testimony was that the name of
the mother, Babli and not of Ashok Kumar, was mentioned on the MLC, but
that does not lead to any inference that he was not present at the time of the
accident. This is more so, when not only he deposed that he along with his
wife had rushed the child to the hospital, but was accompanied by the wife
Babli, whose name was admittedly, mentioned on the MLC.
38. His testimony is fully corroborated by PW4, Babli who also deposed
that she was present inside the house, when the accident occurred. She also
deposed that she was accompanied by her husband who had apprised the
Doctor about the matter while she was carrying the son in her hands.
However, PW2, Ram Das Dhimar had stayed back at the house.
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39. She may not have seen the accident actually happening, but she is a
witness to the circumstances which happened immediately after the
accident, when they had taken the child to the Hospital, at 11:20 A.M. Her
testimony fully corroborated that she along with her husband, had gone to
the Hospital, establishing his presence, at the time of accident. The name in
the MLC, could have only been of one person, which happened to be that of
the mother; but the mere non-mentioning of name of father but of mother, is
absolutely, no reason to disbelieve the presence of the father at the time of
the accident.
40. Another aspect to disbelieve that PW-1 was an eyewitness, is that his
statement was recorded at 1:40 P.M., while the accident had occurred at
11:00 A.M., thereby reinforcing that he was in the office at the time of the
accident and was called subsequently. Merely because the statement of
PW1, Ashok Kumar was recorded at 01:40 P.M., it cannot be held that
Ashok Kumar was not present at the spot. Some hours would have been
definitely taken up in the medical examination and the child being shifted to
Mortuary after being declared dead. Such time of about 2 hours taken to
register the FIR, therefore, is understandable and explainable and cannot be
considered as the reason to disbelieve the presence of PW1, at the time of
the accident.
41. The learned CMM discredited the testimony of PW-1 Ashok, the
father as an eye-witness, solely on the basis of the testimony of PW2, Ram
Das Dhimar, brother of Ashok Kumar who had admitted in his cross-
examination that Ashok, his real brother, was in the factory at the time of the
accident and he was subsequently informed by the neighbours. He, however,
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admitted that his statement was not recorded on the same day, but was
recorded on 06.12.2012.
42. There is overwhelming evidence by way of the testimony of PW1 and
PW4, to prove the factum of accident. PW1, the father has deposed being
the eye witness, that the offending Truck had run over his son. Pertinently,
this fact has been admitted by the Respondent in his Statement under
Section 313 Cr.P.C. wherein he had stated thus:
“ I have been falsely implicated in this case. I had parked the
said vehicle on the side of the road and had gone to the nearby school
for delivering the food. Thereafter, when I returned and started my
vehicle for going back, but as soon as I started my vehicle, I noticed
that a child had come beneath my TATA Ace. I cannot say as to how
and from where the said child came beneath my vehicle ”.
43. It is, therefore, established beyond reasonable doubt that the
Respondent was the driver of the offending vehicle and the child came
under the truck, and died.
44. The only question for determination is: whether the accident had
taken place due to rash and negligent driving of the offending vehicle by
the Respondent.
45. At the outset, it may be observed that rashness and negligence are
proved not merely by assertion, but are the facts to be established and
reflected from the facts proved on record.
46. In this regard, the testimony of PW-1, Sh. Ashok proved that while
the child was sitting on the road side, when he was hit by the offending
Truck, which is corroborated by the admission of the Respondent in his
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Statement under Section 313 Cr.P.C. However, the most significant
document relied upon by the Prosecution is the Site Plan, Ex.PW1/F which
had been prepared at the instance of PW1, Ashok Kumar. The authenticity
of the Site Plan, Ex.PW1/F, has not been questioned. Moreover, it clearly
reflects the manner in which the accident took place.
47. The Site Plan clearly shows that the main road was of 10 ft. which
had 5 ft. empty area, on the either side of the road. The child was sitting on
the road side, which was alongside the main road and it did not form the part
of main road. The Truck had deflected from the other side of the road, and
come to the wrong side of the main road and had gone to this 5 ft. empty
area where the child was sitting and the child came under the tire of the
Truck, which stopped at a distance, indicated as Point B in the Site Plan.
48. The correctness of the Site Plan, Ex.PW1/F, has not been challenged
either in the cross-examination of PW-1 at whose instance it was prepared,
or PW-7, ASI Omender, who had prepared it and indicated the place of
accident and the spot where truck was found parked, after the accident. It is
actually a case of res ipsa loquitor, where the circumstances itself speak of
negligence of the respondent.
49. Moreover, the Respondent himself had stated in his statement under
Section 313 Cr.P.C. that he had parked the said vehicle on the side of the
road and had gone to the nearby school for delivering the food. The School
in front of which the truck was parked, was on the other side of the road,
while the accident occurred on the wrong side of the road.
50. It was for the Respondent to have explained as to why after leaving
the school which was on the opposite side, his Truck went on the wrong side
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of the road and the reason why it left the main road and got deflected to the
road side.
51. It had been rightly contended on behalf of the Prosecution that it is a
clear cut case not only of negligence, which is brought forth by the
testimony of the witnesses but also from the Site Plan, Ex.PW1/F which
depicts the manner which itself speaks of the negligence on the part of the
Respondent. Pertinently, the statement under Section 313 Cr.P.C. of the
Respondent, also does not refute the manner on accident, which blatantly
establishes the negligence of the respondent.
52. The learned CMM, therefore, fell in error in ignoring the
overwhelming evidence of the Prosecution and the admission of the
Respondent, to conclude that the Prosecution had failed to prove its case.
53. The Prosecution has successfully proved its case under Section
279/304A IPC. Consequently, the impugned Judgment dated 24.12.2019 is
hereby, set aside and the Respondent is convicted for the offence punishable
under Section 279/304A IPC.
54. List for Sentence on 01.04.2026, on top of the board .
(NEENA BANSAL KRISHNA)
JUDGE
MARCH 16, 2026
va
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