Full Judgment Text
Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 9043 OF 2014
(Arising out of Special Leave Petition (C) NO.12019 of 2014)
Vijay Shankar Pandey … Appellant
Versus
Union of India & Another … Respondents
J U D G M E N T
CHELAMESWAR, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. The unsuccessful petitioner in the Writ Petition
No.87(S/B)/2014 on the file of the High court of Allahabad is the
appellant herein. By the impugned judgment dated 3.4.2014 the
said writ petition was dismissed by a Division Bench of the
Allahabad High Court.
Signature Not Verified
Digitally signed by
Deepak Mansukhani
Date: 2014.09.22
17:45:48 IST
Reason:
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3. The appellant is an officer of the Indian Administrative
Service. On 22.7.2011 he was served with a chargesheet
consisting of five charges. All the charges are to the effect that
the conduct of the appellant is contrary to Rule-3, 7, 8 and 17 of
The All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968 (hereinafter called
“CONDUCT Rules”). After certain correspondence, (the details of
which are not necessary for the present purpose), the
disciplinary authority appointed an Enquiry Officer on
27.2.2012. The appellant submitted his reply on 5.3.2012. The
appellant challenged the chargesheet before the Central
Administrative Tribunal in O.A.No.623 of 2012 which was
eventually dismissed on 29.8.2012. Aggrieved by the same, the
appellant filed a writ petition in the Allahabad High Court but
withdrew the same subsequently. The order of the Central
Administrative Tribunal became final.
4. The Enquiry Officer submitted his report on 30.8.2012
exonerating the appellant of all the charges. The copy of the
said report is not served on him.
5. On 9.9.2012, the meeting of a Selection Committee for
considering the cases of officers of the Indian Administrative
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Service for promotion to the Super Time Scale-II (ASTS-II) was
held. The case of the appellant was considered and the decision
was kept in a sealed cover. The appellant, therefore, submitted
a representation to the Chief Secretary of the State of Uttar
Pradesh on 11.9.2012 requesting that in view of exoneration by
the Enquiry Officer, he be promoted to the Super Time Scale-II
(ASTS-II). As there was no response to the representation, he
approached the Central Administrative Tribunal on 26.9.2012
once again in O.A.No.381 of 2012 with prayer as follows:
“a) to issue an order or direction commanding the
respondents to take a final decision on the enquiry
report which has already been submitted by the enquiry
officer;
b) to issue an order or direction commanding the
respondents open the sealed cover of the
recommendations of the selection committee and to
forthwith issue promotion orders in respect of the
applicant;
c) Such other orders as this Tribunal may deem just, fit
and proper be also passed in the interest of justice.”
On the same day 26.9.2012, an order (hereinafter referred to as
the “IMPUGNED Order”) invoking Rule 8(3) of the All India
Services (Discipline and Appeal) Rules, 1969 (hereinafter
referred to as “DISCIPLINE Rules”) came to be passed by the
State of U.P. rejecting the Enquiry Report dated 30.8.2012
(referred to supra). The relevant portion of the order reads as
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under:
“2. Enquiry Officer Sri Jagan Mathews sent the enquiry
report vide his letter dated 30.08.2012. On examining the
enquiry report of the Enquiry Officer at government level it was
found that the Enquiry Officer had submitted
a cursory
report without observing the mandate of Rules
-8(15), 8(16), 8(20) and 8(24) of All India Service
(Discipline & Appeal) Rules, 1969 as criticism has
been leveled in the writ petiion of the Central Government filed
through Sri Vijay Shankar Pandey before the Hon'ble Supreme
Court and as such it is a clear violation of Rule-3(1), Rule-7,
Rule-8(1) and Rule-17 of the All India Service (Conduct) Rules,
1968. Therefore the Enquiry Officer has failed to properly
investigate the facts in the enquiry proceedings .
3. Therefore, in the matter of Sri Vijay Shankar Pandey
IAS-1979, the Hon'ble Governor, after rejecting the enquiry
report of Enquiry Officer, Sri Jagan Mathews, constitute in his
place a 2 member Inquiry Board under sub-rule (3) of Rule-8
of All India Service (Discipline & Appeal) Rules, 1969,
comprising of Sri Alok Ranjan, Agricultural Production
Commissioner, Govt. of U.P. and Sri Anil Kumar Gupta,
Infrastructure and Industrial Commissioner, Govt. of U.P. in
order to enquire into the charsges imposed against him.”
6. Challenging the order dated 26.9.2012, the appellant
again approached the Central Administrative Tribunal by filing
an O.A.No.395/2012. The earlier O.A.No.381/2012 was
dismissed by the Central Administrative Tribunal on 16.4.2013
on the ground that it had become infructuous.
O.A.No.395/2012 was also dismissed on 20.12.2013 with
certain directions. The later decision was challenged by the
appellant herein in Writ Petition No.87(S/B) of 2014, in which
the order under appeal herein (hereinafter referred to as the
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Order under APPEAL) came to be passed dismissing the writ
petition.
7. The background facts of this case are that a Writ
Petition (C) No.37 of 2010 titled “Julio F. Ribero and others vs.
Govt. of India including the appellant herein, came to be filed
under the name and style of India Rejuvination Initiative, a
non-Government Organisation (NGO). The said Writ Petition
along with another culminated in a judgment of this Court in
Ram Jethmalani & Others v. Union of India & Others ,
(2011) 8 SCC 1. All the charges against the appellant are in
connection with the filing of the said Writ Petition on the ground
that the conduct of the petitioner is violative of the various
CONDUCT Rules. Charge No.1 is on account of certain
statements made in the said Writ Petition against certain senior
officers of the Government of India. The second charge is that
the appellant failed to comply with the requirement of Rule 13 of
the CONDUCT Rules whereunder he is obliged to give
information to the respondent within one month of becoming a
member of the such organization (NGO). The third and the
fourth charges are based on the allegation made in the Writ
Petition (Civil) No.37 of 2010. The substance of the charges is
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that those allegations tantamount to criticism of the action of
the Central as well as State Governments and of giving evidence
without the previous sanction of the government and, therefore,
1 2
contravention of Rules 7 and 8 respectively of the CONDUCT
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Rules. Charge No.5 is that the appellant violated Rule 17 of the
1
Rule 7
. Criticism of Government.— No member of the Service shall, in any Radio
Broadcast or communication over any public media or in any document published
anonymously, pseudonymously or in his own name or in the name of any other person or
in any communication to the press or in any public utterance, make any statement of fact
or opinion,—
i. Which has the effect of an adverse criticism of any current or recent policy
or action of the Central Government or a State Government; or
ii. which is capable of embarrassing the relations between the Central
Government and any State Government; or
iii. which is capable of embarrassing the relations between the Central
Government and the Government of any Foreign State:
Provided that nothing in this rule shall apply to any statement made or
views expressed by a member of the service in his official capacity and in the due
performance of the duties assigned to him.
2
Rule 8 Evidence before committees, etc.— (1) Save as provided in sub-rule (3), no
member of the Service shall except with the previous sanction of the Government, give
evidence in connection with any inquiry conducted by any person, committee or other
authority.
(2) Where any sanction has been accorded under sub-rule (1) no member of the
service giving such evidence shall criticize the policy or any action of the Central
Government or of a State Government.
(3) Nothing in this rule shall apply to—
(a) evidence given at any inquiry before an authority appointed by the
Government, or by Parliament or by a State Legislature; or
(b) evidence given in any judicial inquiry; or
(c) evidence given at departmental inquiry ordered by any authority
subordinate to the Government.
(4) No member of the Service giving any evidence referred to in sub-rule (3)
shall give publicity to such evidence.
3
Rule 17. Vindication of acts and character of members of the service :—No member of
the service shall, except with the previous sanction of the Government have recourse to
any court or to the press for the vindication of official act which has been the
subject-matter of adverse criticism or attack of a defamatory character.
Provided that if no such sanction is conveyed to by the Government within
twelve weeks from the date of receipt of the request, the member of the service shall be free
to assume that the sanction sought for has been granted to him.
Explanation.— Nothing in this rule shall be deemed to prohibit a member of
the Service from vindicating his private character or any act done by him in his private
capacity. Provided that he shall submit a report to the Government regarding such action.
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CONDUCT Rules.
Charge No.1
Writ Petition No.37(Civil)/2010 Julio F. Ribero and Others v.
Govt. of India and others has been filed through India
Rejuvenation Initiative, NGO before the Hon’ble Supreme Court
wherein you are also a petitioner. In the aforementioned writ
petition on behalf of the petitioners (which also included you) an
additional affidavit has been filed by Sri Jasbeer Singh wherein
para 4 of the allegations made by Sri S.K. Dubey against senior
officers of the Enforcement Directorate in his letter to the
Hon’ble Prime Minister have been endorsed, which was not
expected of you being a member of the All India Services.
This conduct of yours is contrary to Rule-3 of the All India
Service (Conduct) Rules, 1968 and you have violated the
aforesaid rule.
Charge No.2
Before becoming member of the institution named India
Rejuvenation Initiative, you did not inform the government,
whereas as per Rule-13 of the All India Service (Conduct)
Rules–1968 information is to be given within one month of
becoming a member.
This conduct of yours is contrary to Rule-3 of the All India
Service (Conduct) Rules-1968 and you have violated the
aforesaid rule.
Charge No.3
In the writ petition No.37(Civil)/2010 Julio F. Ribero and others
v. Govt. of India and others filed by you before the Hon’ble
Supreme Court, by way of an additional affidavit filed by the
petitioners (which also included you), senior officers of the
Government of India were criticized, whereas the members of
the All India Service are prohibited from criticizing, in the media
or in the press, the actions of both the Central as well as the
State Government, either in their own or in another person’s
name. as such you violated Rule-7 of the All India Service
(Conduct) Rules-1968.
This conduct of yours is contrary to Rule-3 of the All India
Service (Conduct) Rules-1968 and you have violated the
aforesaid rule.
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Charge No.4
In Writ Petition No.37(Civil)/2010 Julio F. Ribero and Others v.
Govt. of India and others filed before the Hon’ble Supreme Court,
by way of an additional affidavit filed by the petitioners (which
also includes), officers of the Enforcement Directorate of
Government of India were criticized, whereas as per Rule-8 of
the All India Service (Conduct) Rules-1968, members of the All
India Service are not allowed to depose in any enquiry wherein
the Central or the State government may be criticized.
This conduct of yours is contrary to Rule-3 of the All India
Service (Conduct) Rules-1968 and you have violated the
aforesaid rule.
Charge No.5
In Writ Petition No.37(Civil)/2010 Julio F. Ribero and Others v.
Govt. of India and others filed before the Hon’ble Supreme Court,
no permission of the State Government was sought for filing the
additional affidavit which was filed by the petitioners (which also
includes you), whereas members of the All India Service are not
allowed to give any such information without prior permission of
either the Central or the State Government which brings
disregard to the Central or the State Government. As such you
failed to observe Rule-17 of the All India Service (Conduct) Rules,
1968.
This kind of your conduct is against Rule-3 of the All India
Service (Conduct) Rules-1968 and you are guilty for violating the
aforesaid provision.
8. The appellant herein never disputed the fact that he
was one of the petitioners in Writ Petition (Civil) No.37/2010
(referred to supra) nor did he disown statements (allegations)
made in the said writ petition. The Enquiry Officer exonerated
the appellant of all the charges. The second respondent rejected
the report of the Enquiry Officer on two grounds; that the
Enquiry Officer submitted a cursory report without observing
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the mandate of Rules-8(15), 8(16), 8(20) and 8(24) of the
DISCIPLINE Rules; and failed to properly investigate the facts.
Interestingly, the IMPUGNED order, states that the conduct of
the appellant as recorded in the charge-sheet “is in clear
violation of Rules-3(1), 7, 8(1) and 17 of 1969 Rules”. Therefore,
the second respondent ordered to constitute a two member
Inquiry Board to again enquire into the charges framed against
the appellant.
9. Mr. Pallav Shishodia, learned senior counsel appearing on
behalf of the appellant attacked the IMPUGNED order dated
26.09.2012 on two grounds:
(A) That invocation of Rule 8(3) of the DISCIPLINE Rules
is wholly illegal. It is submitted that the said rule only
enables the State to make a choice between the two
courses of action available in case it decides to conduct an
enquiry contemplated under the rules;
(i) Appointing an officer to enquire into the misconduct
of the Public Servant; or
(ii) Appoint an authority or board under the Public
Servants (Inquiries) Act, 1850.
10. It is further submitted that the State cannot resort to the
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provisions of the 1850 Act after having had appointed an
Enquiry Officer under the DISCIPLINE Rules merely because the
State is not able to agree with the report submitted by the
Enquiry Officer.
11. Learned senior counsel further argued that the reason
given (by the State for rejecting the Enquiry Officer’s report) that
the enquiry was conducted in violation of the mandate contained
in Rules-8(15), 8(16), 8(20) and 8(24) of DISCIPLINE Rules, is
wholly unsustainable in law - for the reason that the Order
dated 26.9.2012 fails to specify the exact violations of above
mentioned rules, committed by the Enquiry Officer. On the
other hand, none of these provisions are attracted in the case on
hand as each one of the above mentioned rules pertain to the
procedure to be followed while conducting an enquiry. Rules 8
(15) and 8(16) of the DISCIPLINE Rules, incorporate the rule of
audi altem partem to enable both the delinquent officer as well as
the State to adduce evidence in support of their respective
stands on the various charges set out in the chargesheet. Rule
8(20) of the 1969 Rules only enables the Enquiry Officer to
either receive written briefs or hear both the Presenting Officer
and the delinquent. The Rule does not mandate either causes of
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the action unless the parties desire so. It is not the case of the
State at any stage that the Presenting Officer either wanted to be
heard in person or to file a written brief, therefore, there cannot
be any infraction of Rule 8(20) of the 1969 Rules. Lastly, it is
submitted that Rule 8(24) of the DISCIPLINE Rules only
prescribed the format in which the report is to be submitted.
The non-compliance, if any, with the format (because the
appellant is unable to make any submission as the copy of the
report itself is not made available to the appellant), is not fatal to
the validity of the report. According to the learned counsel Rule
8 (24) of the DISCIPLINE Rules is to be construed only as
recommendatory but not as mandatory.
(B) The ultimate conclusion of the State in rejecting the
Enquiry Report dated 30.08.2012 is that the “Enquiry
Officer has failed to properly investigate the FACTS”. The
learned counsel submitted that there are no facts in
dispute which require to be investigated. All facts alleged
in the chargesheet against the appellant are admitted by
the appellant. The Enquiry Officer is required only to
record a conclusion whether, in his opinion, the admitted
facts constitute any misconduct under any of the
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CONDUCT Rules referred to in the chargesheet.
12. On the other hand, Shri K.V. Vishwanathan, learned senior
counsel for the respondent submitted that the Order under
APPEAL does not call for any interference as the order of the
Enquiry Officer is in utter non-compliance with Rule 8(15), (16),
(20) and (24) of the DISCIPLINE Rules. Learned counsel also
submitted that the decision of the State is well within the
authority conferred under Rule 8, sub-Rule (3) of the
DISCIPLINE Rules.
13. The Division Bench based its conclusion, that the
IMPUGNED order dated 26.9.2012 cannot be faulted, on two
factors. They are:
(i) that the Enquiry Officer submitted his Report dated
30.8.2012 without following the procedure prescribed by law
under Rule 8 of the DISCIPLINE Rules; (ii) More interestingly,
the High Court accepted the submission on behalf of the State
that the initial order of the appointment of Enquiry Officer under
Rule 8 is unsustainable in law. Such a flaw was realized by the
State only at the stage of considering the said Enquiry Officer’s
report.
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14. The High Court, therefore, came to the conclusion that the
State Government is justified in law to appoint a Board of
Enquiry, contemplated under Rule 8(3) of the DISCIPLINE Rules.
15. Now, we proceed to consider the submissions.
16. The first submission of the appellant is to be examined in
the light of Rule 8(1), (2) and (3) of the DISCIPLINE Rules. Rule
8 as far as is relevant is extracted:
Rule 8. Procedure for imposing major penalties – (1) No order imposing
any of the major penalties specified in Rule 6 shall be made except after an
inquiry is held as far as may be, in the manner provided in this rule and Rule
10, or, provided by the Public Servants (Inquiries) Act, 1850 (37 of 1850)
where such inquiry is held under that Act.
(2) Whenever the disciplinary authority is of the opinion that there are
grounds for inquiring into the truth of any imputation of misconduct or
misbehaviour against a member of the Service, it may appoint under this rule
or under the provisions of the Public Servants (Inquiries) Act, 1850, as the
case may be, an authority to inquire into the truth thereof.
(3) Where a Board is appointed as the inquiring authority it shall consist of
not less than two senior officers provided that at least one member of such a
Board shall be an officer of the service to which the member of the service
belongs.
17. It is apparent that Rule 8(1) prohibits imposition of any
major penalty without holding an enquiry either in accordance
with the procedure prescribed under the Rules or under the
provisions of the Public Servants (Inquiries) Act, 1850.
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18. Rule 8(2) specifically authorises the disciplinary authority
to appoint an authority to enquire into the truth of any
imputation of misconduct or misbehaviour against a member of
the service if the disciplinary authority is of the opinion that
there are grounds to inquire into. Such an authority could be
appointed either in exercise of the power conferred under Rules
or under provisions of the Public Servants (Inquiries) Act, 1850.
19. Rule 8(3) contemplates appointment of a Board as an
Inquiring Authority and stipulates that such Board shall consist
of not less than two senior officers of whom at least one should
be an officer of the service to which the delinquent officer
belongs. The expression “Board” is not defined under the Rules.
The only conclusion that can be drawn from the scheme of Rules
8 (2) & (3) is that the expression ‘Enquiring Authority’ implies
either a single member authority or Board consisting of two or
more members.
20. All the parties - the appellant, the respondents and the
Central Administrative Tribunal and the High Court proceeded
on the basis that the IMPUGNED order constituting a two
member Enquiry Board under Rule 8(3) of the DISCIPLINE Rules
is an order constituting such a Board under the provisions of the
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Public Servants (Inquiries) Act, 1850. We do not see any basis
for such a conclusion. The IMPUGNED order nowhere refers to
the Public Servants (Inquiries) Act, nor there is anything in Rule
8(3) which suggests that whenever a multi-member Board is
appointed as an Enquiring Authority, such a Board could be
appointed only under provisions of the Public Servants
(Inquiries) Act. The language of Rule 8(2) is wide enough to
enable the disciplinary authority to appoint either a single
member Enquiring Authority or a multi-member Board to
inquire into the misconduct of a delinquent officer.
21. Be that as it may, the question is whether the disciplinary
authority could have resorted to such a practice of abandoning
the Enquiry already undertaken and resort to appointment of a
fresh Enquiring Authority (multi-member). The issue is not
really whether the Enquiring Authority should be a single
member or a multi member body, but whether a second inquiry
such as the one under challenge is permissible. A Constitution
Bench of this Court in K.R. Deb v. The Collector of Central
Excise, Shillong , (1971) 2 SCC 102, examined the question in
the context of Rule 15(1) of the Central Civil Services
(Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1957. It was a case
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where an enquiry was ordered against a sub-Inspector, Central
Excise (the appellant before this Court). The inquiry officer held
that the charge was not proved. Thereafter the disciplinary
authority appointed another inquiry officer “to conduct a
supplementary open inquiry”. Such supplementary inquiry was
conducted and a report that there was “no conclusive proof” to
“establish the charge” was made. Not satisfied, the disciplinary
authority thought it fit that “another inquiry officer should be
appointed to inquire afresh into the charge”.
22. The Court held that:
“12. It seems to us that Rule 15, on the face of it, really provides for one
inquiry but it may be possible if in a particular case there has been no
proper enquiry because some serious defect has crept into the inquiry or
some important witnesses were not available at the time of the inquiry or
for some other reason, the Disciplinary Authority may ask the Inquiry
Officer to record further evidence . But there is no provision in Rule 15
for completely setting aside previous inquiries on the ground that the report
of the Inquiring Officer or Officers does not appeal to the Disciplinary
Authority. The Disciplinary Authority has enough powers to reconsider the
evidence itself and come to its own conclusion under Rule 9.
13. In our view the rules do not contemplate an action such as was taken by
the Collector on February 13, 1962. It seems to us that the Collector,
instead of taking responsibility himself, was determined to get some officer
to report against the appellant. The procedure adopted was not only not
warranted by the rules but was harassing to the appellant.”
(Emphasis supplied)
and allowed the appeal of K.R. Deb .
23. It can be seen from the above that the normal rule is that
16
there can be only one Enquiry. This Court has also recognized
the possibility of a further Enquiry in certain circumstances
enumerated therein. The decision however makes it clear that
the fact that the Report submitted by the Enquiring Authority is
not acceptable to the disciplinary authority, is not a ground for
completely setting aside the enquiry report and ordering a
second Enquiry.
24. The scheme of Rule 8 of the DISCIPLINE Rules and Rule 15
of the Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal)
Rules, 1965 are similar. Therefore, the principle laid down in
Deb’s case , in our opinion, would squarely apply to the case on
hand.
25. Therefore, it becomes necessary for us to examine the
legality of the IMPUGNED order in the light of the law laid down
in Deb’s case i.e. whether a further enquiry is really warranted
on the facts of the case. We shall proceed for the purpose of this
case that such further enquiry need not be by the same officer
who initially constituted an enquiring authority and could be by
a multi-member board.
26. The respondents recorded four reasons for ordering a fresh
17
inquiry by a Board, under the IMPUGNED order.
th
(i) The Inquiry Report dated 30 August, 2012 is
cursory.
(ii) The inquiry was conducted in violation of Rules
8(15), (16), (20) and (24) of the DISCIPLINE
Rules.
(iii) The contents of Writ Petition (C) No. 37 of 2010
on the file of this Court constitutes a criticism of
the Central Government, and therefore, is a clear
violation of Rule 3(1), Rule 7, 8(1) and 17 of the
CONDUCT Rules.
(iv) That the Inquiry Officer failed to properly
investigate the facts before submitting his report.
27. The legality of the IMPUGNED order depends on the
tenability of the above. We shall deal with the last of the
above-mentioned four reasons:
th
4 Reason:
It is an absolutely untenable ground, since there was
nothing for the Enquiry Officer to investigate regarding the facts
of the various allegations in the charge-sheet. The appellant
herein never disputed the factual correctness of the allegations.
18
He admitted that he was a petitioner in Writ Petition (C) No. 37
(supra). He never disowned any one of the allegations made in
the said Writ Petition. Therefore, there were no facts to be
investigated into.
Ist Reason:
Coming to the first reason - that the report is a cursory
report. A copy of the report is not made available to the
appellant. The content of the said report is not known. The
only admitted fact about the report is that the appellant was
exonerated of all the charges made against him. If such a
conclusion is otherwise justified, whether the report is cursory
or elaborate, should make no difference to the legality of the
report. What matters is the correctness of the conclusions
recorded, not the length or the elegance of the language of the
report which determines the legality of the conclusions recorded
in it. Therefore this ground is equally untenable.
2nd Reason:
The second reason stated is that the Enquiry Officer did not
observe the mandate of Rule 8(15), (16) and (24) of the
DISCIPLINE Rules. We deem it appropriate to examine the
19
4
content and scope of these rules and record our conclusion
regarding the applicability of each of the rules to the facts of the
case on hand.
28. Rule 8(15) provides that both the oral and documentary
evidence by which the articles of charge are proposed to be
proved by the disciplinary authority shall be produced on the
date fixed for the Enquiry; witnesses on behalf of the disciplinary
authority may be examined both in chief as well as cross etc. It
is obvious from the Rule that the rule cannot have any
application where the delinquent officer admits the correctness
of the factual allegations against him.
29. Rule 8(16) speaks of adducing additional evidence and the
procedure thereof. For the reasons mentioned in the context of
4
(15) On the date fixed for the inquiry, the oral and documentary evidence by which the articles of charge are
proposed to be proved shall be produced by, on behalf of, the disciplinary authority. The witness shall be
examined by, or on behalf of, the Presenting Officer and may be cross-examined by, or on behalf of, the
member of the Service. The Presenting Officer shall be entitled to re-examine the witnesses on any points, on
which they have been cross-examined, but not on any new matter, without the leave of the inquiring authority.
The inquiring authority may also put such questions to the witnesses as it thinks fit.
(16) If it shall appear necessary before the close of the case on behalf of the disciplinary authority, the inquiring
authority may, in its discretion, allow the Presenting Officer to produce evidence not included in the list given
to the member of the Service or may itself call for new evidence or recall and re-examine any witness and, in
such case, the member of the Service shall be entitled to have, if he demands it, a copy of the list of further
evidence proposed to be produced and an adjournment of the inquiry for three clear days before the production
of such new evidence, exclusive of the day of adjournment and the day to which the inquiry is adjourned. The
inquiring authority shall give to the member of the Service an opportunity of inspecting such documents before
they are taken on the record. The inquiring authority may also allow the member of the Service to produce new
evidence, if it is of opinion that the production of such evidence is necessary in the interests of justice.
NOTE.- New evidence shall not be permitted or called for or any witness shall not be recalled to fill up any gap
in the evidence. Such evidence may be called for only when there is an inherent lacuna or defect in the
evidence which has been produced originally.
20
sub-Rule (15), sub-Rule (16) will equally have no application,
where the delinquent officer does not contest the factual
correctness of the allegations made against him.
5
30. Rule 8(20) enables the Enquiring authority to hear both
the presenting officer on behalf of the disciplinary authority and
the delinquent officer, after recording of the evidence is
complete. In addition, it enables the Enquiring Authority to
permit written briefs by both the parties, in case they desire so.
31. Application of Rule 20 thus depends upon the existence of
two factors.
(i) the appointment of a presenting officer.
(ii) the presenting officer desires to file a written brief.
32. We could not find any categorical assertion on the record
by the State that a presenting officer was in fact appointed and
such officer desired to file a written brief or make oral
submissions, but was prevented from doing so by the Enquiring
Authority. Therefore, even this reason must fail.
33. Coming to Rule 8(24), the sub-Rule reads as follows:-
5
Rule 8(20). The inquiring authority may, after the completing of the production of
evidence, hear the Presenting Officer, if any appointed, and the member of the Service or
permit them to file written briefs of their respective cases, if they so desire.
21
“(24)(i) After the conclusion of the inquiry, a report shall be
prepared and it shall contain-
(a) the articles of charge and the statement of imputations of
misconduct or misbehaviour;
(b) the defence of the member of the Service in respect of
each article of charge;
(c) an assessment of the evidence in respect of each article of
charge; and
(d) the findings on each article of charge and the reasons
therefor.
Explanation.-If in the opinion of the inquiring authority
the proceedings of the inquiry establish any article of charge
different from the original articles of charge, it may record its
findings on such article of charge.
Provided that the findings on such article of charge shall
not be recorded unless the member of the Service has either
admitted the facts on which such article of charge is based or
has had a reasonable opportunity of defending himself against
such article of charge.
(ii) The inquiring authority shall forward to the disciplinary
authority the records of inquiry which shall include-
(a) the report prepared by it under clause (i);
(b) the written statement of defence, if any, submitted
by the member of the Service;
(c) the oral and documentary evidence produced in the
course of the inquiry;
(d) written briefs, if any, filed by the Presenting Officer
or the member of the Service or both during the
course of the inquiry; and
(e) the orders, if any, made by the disciplinary
authority and the inquiring authority in regard to
the inquiry.”
34. It stipulates as to what should be the content of the report.
From a reading of the above Rule, it is clear that the rule will
have virtually no application to a case where the delinquent
22
employee does not dispute the factual correctness of the
allegations contained in the articles of charge. Therefore, it
follows that this reason also is wholly untenable.
rd
3 Reason:
rd
Coming to the 3 reason given in the IMPUGNED Order
that the content of the Writ Petition (C) No. 37 of 2010 is critical
of the Government of India, and therefore, violative of Rule 3(1),
7, 8(1) and 17 of the CONDUCT Rules, we are of the opinion that
this ground is equally untenable.
35. Rule 17 of the CONDUCT Rules reads as follows:
“ 17. Vindication of acts and character of members of the service.— No
member of the service shall, except with the previous sanction of the
Government, have recourse to any Court or to the press for the vindication of
official act which has been the subject-matter of adverse criticism or attack of
a defamatory character.
Provided that if no such sanction is conveyed to by the Government within
twelve weeks from the date of receipt of the request, the member of service
shall be free to assume that the sanction sought for has been granted to him.
Explanation. —Nothing in this rule shall be deemed to prohibit a member of
the Service from vindicating his private character or any act done by him in
his private capacity. Provided that he shall submit a report to the Government
regarding such action.”
We fail to understand how this Rule could be said to have been
violated, in the background of the allegations contained in the
charges framed against the appellant. In our opinion, this rule
has no application whatsoever to the allegations contained in the
23
charge-sheet. The rule only prohibits a member of the service
from having recourse either to a Court or to the press for
vindication of the official acts of such member which have been
the subject matter of adverse criticism or a defamatory attack.
It is not the content of any one of the charges against the
appellant that he sought to vindicate any one of his official acts
by filing WP (C) No. 37 of 2010.
36. Rule 7 of the Conduct Rules reads as follows:
“ 7. Criticism of Government.— No member of the service shall, in
any Radio Broadcast or communication over any public media or in
any document published anonymously, pseudonymously or in his own
name or in the name of any other person or in any communication to
the press or in any public utterance, make any statement of fact or
opinion—
(i) which has the effect of an adverse criticism of any current or
recent policy or action of the Central Government or a State
Government; or
(ii) which is capable of embarrassing the relations between the
Central Government and any State Government; or
(iii) which is capable of embarrassing the relations between the
Central Government and the Government of any Foreign State:
Provided that nothing in this rule shall apply to any statement
made or views expressed by a member of the service in his official
capacity and in the due performance of the duties assigned to him.”
37. Clearly this Rule only prohibits criticism of the policies of
the Government or making of any statement which is likely to
embarrass the relations between the Government of India and a
Foreign State or the Government of India and the Government of
24
a State. Allegations of mal-administration, in our opinion, do not
fall within the ambit of any of the abovementioned three
categories. The entire burden of song in the Writ Petition (C)
No.37 of 2010 is regarding mal-administration.
38. Rule 8 of the Conduct Rules reads as follows:
“8 . Evidence before committees, etc.— (1) Save as provided in sub-rule (3),
no member of the service shall, except with the previous sanction of the
Government, give evidence in connection with any inquiry conducted by any
person, committee or other authority.
(2) Where any sanction has been accorded under sub-rule (1) no
member of the service giving such evidence shall criticize the policy or any
action of the Central Government or of a State Government.
(3) Nothing in this Rule shall apply to—
(a) evidence given at any inquiry before an authority appointed by
the Government, or by Parliament or by a State Legislature; or
(b) evidence given in any judicial inquiry; or
(c) evidence given at departmental inquiry ordered by any
authority subordinate to the Government.
In substance the Rule prohibits a member of the service to give
evidence in connection with any inquiry conducted by any
person, committee or other authority except with the previous
sanction of the Government. However, sub-rule (3)(b) makes a
categorical declaration that nothing in the Rule shall apply to
evidence given in any judicial inquiry. Writ petition filed in
public interest before the highest court of the country cannot be
an inquiry contemplated under Rule 8(i). This is apart from the
25
fact that sub-rule (3)(b) expressly excludes evidence given in any
judicial inquiry. Dehors such an exception, Rule 8 would be
subversive of the basic freedom of the citizens of this country,
detrimental to the norms of good governance and antithetical to
the liberal democratic structure of the Constitution.
39. Rule 3(1) reads as follows:
“3. General.—(1) Every member of the service shall, at all times,
maintain absolute integrity and devotion to duty and shall do
nothing which is unbecoming of a member of the service.”
40. We are at a loss to comprehend how the filing of the writ
petition containing allegations that the Government of India is
lax in discharging its constitutional obligations of establishing
the rule of law can be said to amount to either failure to
maintain absolute integrity and devotion to duty or of indulging
in conduct unbecoming of a member of the service.
41. Even otherwise, the IMPUGNED order, in our opinion is
wholly untenable. The purpose behind the proceedings appears
calculated to harass the appellant since he dared to point out
certain aspects of mal-administration in the Government of
India. The action of the respondents is consistent with their
6
conduct clearly recorded in (2011) 8 SCC 1 . The whole attempt
6
Ram Jethmalani & Others v. Union of India & Others , (2011) 8 SCC 1 - 40. We must express our serious
reservations about the responses of the Union of India. In the first instance, during the earlier phases of
26
appears to be to suppress any probe into the question of
blackmoney by whatever means fair or foul. The present
impugned proceedings are nothing but a part of the strategy to
intimidate not only the appellant but also to send a signal to
others who might dare in future to expose any
mal-administration. The fact remains, that this Court
eventually agreed with the substance of the complaint pleaded in
Writ Petition No.37 of 2010 and connected matters; and directed
an independent inquiry into the issue of black money.
42. The Constitution declares that India is a sovereign
democratic Republic. The requirement of such democratic
hearing before us, the attempts were clearly evasive, confused, or originating in the denial mode. It was only
upon being repeatedly pressed by us did the Union of India begin to admit that indeed the investigation was
proceeding very slowly. It also became clear to us that in fact the investigation had completely stalled,
inasmuch as custodial interrogation of Hasan Ali Khan had not even been sought for, even though he was very
much resident in India. Further, it also now appears that even though his passport had been impounded, he
was able to secure another passport from the RPO in Patna, possibly with the help or aid of a politician.
41. During the course of the hearings the Union of India repeatedly insisted that the matter involves many
jurisdictions, across the globe, and a proper investigation could be accomplished only through the concerted
efforts by different law enforcement agencies, both within the Central Government, and also various State
Governments. However, the absence of any satisfactory explanation of the slowness of the pace of
investigation, and lack of any credible answers as to why the respondents did not act with respect to those
actions that were feasible, and within the ambit of powers of the Enforcement Directorate itself, such as
custodial investigation, leads us to conclude that the lack of seriousness in the efforts of the respondents are
contrary to the requirements of laws and constitutional obligations of the Union of India. It was only upon the
insistence and intervention of this Court that the Enforcement Directorate initiated and secured custodial
interrogation over Hassan Ali Khan.
42. The Union of India has explicitly acknowledged that there was much to be desired with the manner in
which the investigation had proceeded prior to the intervention of this Court. From the more recent reports, it
would appear that the Union of India, on account of its more recent efforts to conduct the investigation with
seriousness, on account of the gravitas brought by this Court, has led to the securing of additional information,
and leads, which could aid in further investigation. For instance, during the continuing interrogation of
Hassan Ali Khan and the Tapurias, undertaken for the first time at the behest of this Court, many names of
important persons, including leaders of some corporate giants, politically powerful people, and international
arms dealers have cropped up. So far, no significant attempt has been made to investigate and verify the same.
This is a further cause for the grave concerns of this Court, and points to the need for continued, effective and
day-to-day monitoring by an SIT constituted by this Court, and acting on behalf, behest and direction of this
Court.
27
republic is that every action of the State is to be informed with
reason. State is not a hierarchy of regressively genuflecting
coterie of bureaucracy.
43. The right to judicial remedies for the redressal of either
personal or public grievances is a constitutional right of the
subjects (both citizens and non-citizens) of this country.
Employees of the State cannot become members of a different
and inferior class to whom such right is not available.
44. The respondents consider that a complaint to this Court of
executive malfeasance causing debilitating economic and
security concerns for the country amounts to inappropriate
conduct for a civil servant is astounding. There is another factor
which brings the respondent virtually within the ambit of legal
malice, to say the least Mr. Jasveer Singh, another employee of
the respondent was also a co-petitioner in the Civil Writ filed in
this Court. However, no action is taken against him. This leaves
much to be desired and makes bonafides of the respondents
suspect.
45. The appeal is allowed. The judgment under appeal is
set-aside. Consequently, the O.A. stands allowed as prayed for.
28
The respondents are liable jointly and severally to pay costs to
the appellant which is quantified at Rs.5,00,000/- (rupees five
lakhs). It is open to the respondents to identify those who are
responsible for the initiation of such unwholesome action
against the appellant and recover the amounts, if the
respondents can and have the political will.
..............................J.
[ J. CHELAMESWAR ]
…...........................J.
[ A.K. SIKRI ]
New Delhi
September 22, 2014
29
ITEM NO.1A COURT NO.9 SECTION XI
S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS
Civil Appeal No(s). 9043/2014
(Arising out of SLP(C) No(s). 12019/2014)
VIJAY SHANKAR PANDEY Appellant(s)
VERSUS
UNION OF INDIA & ANR Respondent(s)
Date : 22/09/2014 This appeal was called on for pronouncement of
judgment today.
For Appellant(s)
Mr. Kamlendra Mishra,Adv.
For Respondent(s)
Mr. Abhisth Kumar, Adv.
Mr. Somraj Choudhury, Adv.
Hon'ble Mr. Justice J. Chelameswar pronounced
the judgment of the Bench comprising of His Lordship and
Hon'ble Mr. Justice A.K. Sikri.
Leave granted.
The appeal is allowed in terms of the signed
reportable judgment.
(DEEPAK MANSUKHANI) (INDU BALA KAPUR)
COURT MASTER COURT MASTER
(Signed reportable judgment is placed on the file)
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