THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH vs. UDHAM

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 22-10-2019

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 690 OF 2014 STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH … APPELLANT ERSUS V UDHAM AND OTHERS … RESPONDENTS J U D G M E N T AMANA   N.V. R , J.   1. The present appeal is directed by the appellant­State against the   final   order   dated   06.11.2012,   passed   by   the   High   Court   of Madhya  Pradesh (Gwalior  Bench)  in  Criminal  Appeal  No.  659 of 2011, whereby the High Court partly allowed the appeal filed by the respondents­accused herein and reduced the sentence awarded by the Trial Court to the period already undergone for the offences under Section 326 of the Indian Penal Code [ hereinafter referred to Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by GEETA AHUJA Date: 2019.10.22 16:23:48 IST Reason: as IPC’ ] read with Section 34 of IPC, and Section 452 of the IPC. 2. The prosecution’s case is that the complainant lodged a report 1 on 15.04.2008 that at around 9 p.m., while he was sitting inside his house with three other people, the respondents­accused barged in, carrying weapons. More specifically, respondent nos. 1 and 3 were carrying axes, while respondent nos. 2 and 4 were carrying sticks. The respondents­accused asked the complainant why he had not kept   his   cow   tied,   and   subsequently,   on   respondent   no.   4’s exhortation, the respondents­accused attacked the complainant and the others present at that time resulting in various injuries to them. Respondents­accused   then   allegedly   threatened   the   complainant that if he did not keep his cow confined, he would be killed. The Trial Court tried the respondents­accused and ultimately 3. convicted them for the offences under Section 326 read with Section 34 of IPC as well as the offence under Section 452 of IPC. The respondents­accused were sentenced to undergo 3 years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 250/­ (Rupees Two Hundred and Fifty Only) each for the offence under Section 326 read with Section 34   of   IPC.   They   were   further   sentenced   to   undergo   rigorous imprisonment for 1 year with a further fine of Rs. 250/­ (Rupees Two Hundred and Fifty Only) each for the offence under Section 452 of IPC. In case of default of payment of fine, they were to undergo further   rigorous   imprisonment   for   6   months.   All   sentences   were made to run concurrently by the Trial Court. 2 4. Being   aggrieved,   the   respondents­accused   filed   an   appeal before the High Court, challenging only the quantum of sentence imposed on them by the Trial Court.  Vide  impugned order, the High Court partly allowed the appeal and reduced the sentence to the period of imprisonment already undergone by them, which was a period of 4 days, while enhancing the fine amount imposed upon them by Rs. 1500/­ (Rupees One Thousand Five Hundred Only) each.   The   respondents­accused   were   directed   to   deposit   the enhanced fine within a period of 30 days, failing which they were to undergo simple imprisonment for a period of 30 days.  Aggrieved   by   the   impugned   order,   the   State   has   filed   the 5. present appeal challenging the order of the High Court reducing the sentence awarded to the respondents­accused. The learned counsel for the appellant­State submitted that the High Court erred in not considering   the   gravity   of   the   offence   and   the   facts   and circumstances   of   the   case,   particularly   the   fact   that   the respondents­accused had undergone imprisonment of only 4 days. 6. On the other hand, the learned counsel for the respondents­ accused submitted that the High Court has correctly appreciated the facts and circumstances of the case in passing the impugned order, and therefore, the same does not merit any interference from this 3 Court.  7. Heard learned counsel for the parties. 8. At the outset, it is pertinent to note that the reasoning of the High Court, for passing the impugned order and partly allowing the appeals   of   the   respondents­accused   herein,   is   limited   to   one sentence. The High Court states in its order that looking to the nature of the offence, the fact that this is the first offence of the respondents and the period of sentence already undergone by them, it is passing the impugned order. 9. At this stage the observations of this Court in  Accused X’ v. State of Maharashtra ,   (2019) 7 SCC 1, in which two of us were part of the Bench, with respect to sentencing in India are relevant here­
49.Sentencing is appropriate allocation of criminal
sanctions, which is mostly given by the judicial
branch. [Nicola Padfield, Rod Morgan and Mike
Maguire, “Out of Court, Out of Sight? Criminal
Sanctions and No Judicial Decision­making”,The
Oxford Handbook of Criminology(5th Edn.).] This
process occurring at the end of a trial still has a large
impact on the efficacy of a criminal justice system.It
is established that sentencing is a socio­legal
process, wherein a Judge finds an appropriate
punishment for the accused considering factual
circumstances and equities. In light of the fact
that the legislature provided for discretion to the
Judges to give punishment, it becomes important
to exercise the same in a principled manner. We
need to appreciate that a strict fixed punishment
approach in sentencing cannot be acceptable, as the
Judge needs to have sufficient discretion as well.
4
50.Before analysing this case, we need to address the
issue of the impact of reasoning in the sentencing
process. The reasoning of the trial court acts as a link
between the general level of sentence for the offence
committed and to the facts and circumstances. The
trial court is obligated to give reasons for the
imposition of sentence, as firstly,it is a fundamental
principle of natural justice that the adjudicators
must provide reasons for reaching the decision and
secondly, the reasons assume more importance as
the liberty of the accused is subject to the
aforesaid reasoning. Further, the appellate court is
better enabled to assess the correctness of the
quantum of punishment challenged, if the trial court
has justified the same with reasons...
10. In the present case, it is clear that there is no detailed analysis of   the   facts   of   the   case,   the   nature   of   the   injuries   caused,   the weapons used, the number of victims,  etc . given by the High Court in   the   impugned   order.   The   High   Court   while   sentencing   the accused, has not taken into consideration the second charge proved against the respondents­accused herein, under Section 452 of IPC. Even the  fact  that  the   respondents­accused  had  only  undergone sentence of 4 days at the time of passing of the impugned order, brings into question the High Court pointing to the same as a reason for reducing their sentence.   As such, the order of the High Court merits interference by this Court.  11. We are of the opinion that a large number of cases are being 5 filed   before   this   Court,   due   to   insufficient   or   wrong   sentencing undertaken by the Courts below. We have time and again cautioned against the cavalier manner in which sentencing is dealt in certain cases. There is no gainsaying that the aspect of sentencing should not be taken for granted, as this part of Criminal Justice System has determinative impact on the society. In light of the same, we are of the opinion that we need to provide further clarity on the same. 12. Sentencing for crimes has to be analyzed on the touch stone of three   tests   viz.,   crime   test,   criminal   test   and   comparative proportionality   test.   Crime   test   involves   factors   like   extent   of planning, choice of weapon, modus of crime, disposal modus (if any), role of the accused, anti­social or abhorrent character of the crime, state of victim. Criminal test involves assessment of factors such as age of the criminal, gender of the criminal, economic conditions or social background of the criminal, motivation for crime, availability of defense, state of mind, instigation by the deceased or any one from   the   deceased   group,   adequately   represented   in   the   trial, disagreement   by   a   judge   in   the   appeal   process,   repentance, possibility of reformation, prior criminal record (not to take pending cases) and any other relevant factor (not an exhaustive list). 13. Additionally,   we   may   note   that   under   the   crime   test, seriousness needs to be ascertained. The seriousness of the crime 6 may be ascertained by (i) bodily integrity of the victim; (ii) loss of material   support   or   amenity;   (iii)   extent   of   humiliation;   and   (iv) privacy breach. Coming to the appropriate sentence which is to be imposed on 14. the respondents­accused in this case, the facts of this case need closer scrutiny. The respondents­accused entered the house of the complainant, attacked the others present with axes and with sticks. Four people, including the complainant, were injured. The injuries caused were incised wounds on the hands and backs of the victims, an incised wound next to the ear of one of the victims and bruising, etc . The respondents­accused were convicted for the offence under Section 326 read with Section 34 of IPC, which carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment, or of imprisonment of a term which may extend to ten years, and fine. They were also convicted under Section 452 of IPC, which carries a maximum sentence of seven years along with fine. 15. The respondents­accused herein were males of age 33 years, 33 years, 28 years and 70 years respectively at the time of the incident. The main allegation as against the respondent nos. 1 and 3 is that they had used an axe to attack the victim. In this scuffle there is no dispute   that   some   of   the   respondents­accused   herein   were   also 7 injured profusely. Further the motivation seems to be that the cow belonging to the victims had entered the household of the accused and the respondent no. 1 with his co­accused are proved to be the aggressor herein. From the perusal of the record, the injuries on some of the victims are not specifically attributed. The respondent group was numerically matched with that of the victims and there were two respondents­accused within the group carrying lathis. The bodily integrity was compromised as a result of the injury caused, but   there   was   no   evidence   led   to   indicate   any   permanent embellishments of any part. The scope of intrusion of privacy due to the   assault   is   also   minimal.   There   was   no   material   destruction involved in the crime. 16. In this  context,  we  need to  note  that the  facts  of  the  case highlighted above, however, need to be balanced with the fact that this was the first offence committed by the respondents­accused and that the motive, which is stated to be trivial. There is a requirement to   treat   the   crime   committed   herein   differently   than   other objectionable   situations   such   as   police   atrocities   etc.   [ refer   to ,   AIR 2018 SC 4067] Having Yashwant v. State of Maharashtra regard to the fact that the occurrence of the crime is of the year 2008   and   the  respondents­accused  have   been,   in   a   way,   only ordered to undergo four days of jail term with a fine of Rs. 1,500/­, 8 we need to enhance the same to commensurate with the guilt of the respondents­accused. 17. Comparatively,   having   perused   certain   precedents   of   this Court, we are of the considered opinion and accordingly direct that for the commission of the offence under Section 326 of IPC read with Section 34 of IPC, the respondent nos. 1, 2 and 3 are sentenced to serve rigorous imprisonment for 3 months and to pay a fine of Rs. 75,000/­ (Rupees Seventy­Five Thousand Only) each within a period of 1 month, on default of payment of which they are to suffer simple imprisonment for 3 months. For the offence under Section 452 of IPC, the respondent nos. 1, 2 and 3 are sentenced to serve rigorous imprisonment   for   3   months   and   to   pay   a   fine   of   Rs.   25,000/­ (Rupees   Twenty­Five   Thousand   Only)   each   within   a   period   of   1 month, on default of payment of which they are to suffer simple imprisonment for 3 months.  18. For the offence under Section 326 of IPC read with Section 34 of IPC, the respondent no. 4, who is presently aged around 80 years, is sentenced to serve rigorous imprisonment for 2 months and to pay a fine of Rs.50,000/­ (Rupees Fifty Thousand Only) within a period of 1 month, on default of payment of which he is to suffer simple imprisonment for 1 month. For the offence under Section 452 9 of   IPC,   respondent   no.   4   is   sentenced   to   serve   rigorous imprisonment for 2 months and to pay a fine of Rs.15,000/­ (Rupees Fifteen Thousand Only) within a period of 1 month, on default of payment of which he is to suffer simple imprisonment for 1 month.  19. The   above   sentences   are   to   run   concurrently.   Further,   the respondents are directed to be taken into custody forthwith, to serve out their remaining sentence, as imposed hereinabove.  20. Accordingly, the appeal is partly allowed and the impugned order of the High Court is modified in the afore­stated terms. ..............................................J. (N.V. RAMANA)  ..............................................J.  (MOHAN M. SHANTANAGOUDAR) ..............................................J.  (AJAY RASTOGI) NEW DELHI; October 22, 2019. 10