SHAILA DAMODAR SINAI BORKAR AND ANR vs THE OFFICER INCHARGE, POLICE INSPECTOR, PONDA AND 2 ORS
- Court
- Bombay High Court
- Case type
- Writ Petition
- Decided on
- 02-04-2026
<div> <b>2026:BHC-GOA:664</b><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <b>2026:BHC-GOA:664</b><br /> <br /> Niti <br /> <b>IN THE HIGH COURT OF BOMBAY AT GOA </b><br /> <b>CRIMINAL WRIT PETITION NO.5 OF 2026 </b><br /> 1. Smt. Shaila Damodar Sinai Borkar, <br /> 66 years of age, <br /> Wife of Shri Damodar Maheshwar Sinai <br /> Borkar, <br /> nd<br /> Resident of Flat No.S-3, 2 Floor, <br /> Navadurga Housing Co-operative <br /> Society, <br /> Tisk, Ponda-Goa. <br /> <br /> 2. Dr. Priti Siddsh Kharangate, <br /> 39 years of age, <br /> Wife of Mr Siddesh Subodh Kharangate, <br /> Residing at House No.1025, Vanxem, <br /> VTC, Loutulim, South Goa, 403718. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ...Petitioners <br /> <b><i> </i></b><br /> <b><i> Versus </i></b><br /> <br /> <br /> 1. The Officer Incharge, <br /> Police Inspector, <br /> Ponda, Goa. <br /> <br /> 2. State, <br /> Through the Public Prosecutor, <br /> High Court of Bombay at Porvorim, Goa. <br /> <br /> 3. Shri Vasudev Premanand Sinai Borkar, <br /> Son of late Shri Premanand Borkar, <br /> About 46 years of age, <br /> Resident of Montepoi Police Quarters, <br /> Behind All India Radio, <br /> Altinho, Panaji, Goa. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ... Respondents <br /> <br /> Ms Anushka Kuvelkar, Advocate for the Petitioners. <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>1</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> <br /> Mr Nikhil Vaze, Additional Public Prosecutor for Respondent <br /> Nos.1 and 2/State. <br /> <br /> Mr Kabir Sabnis, Advocate for Respondent No.3. <br /> <br /> <b> CORAM : </b><br /> <b>ASHISH S. CHAVAN, J. </b><br /> <b><i> </i></b><br /> <b>rd</b><br /> <b> Reserved on : 23</b> <b> MARCH 2026 </b><br /> <b>nd</b><br /> <b> Pronounced on : 2</b> <b> APRIL 2026 </b><br /> <b><i> </i></b><br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i> </i></b><br /> <b>JUDGMENT :</b><br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>1.</b> <b> </b><br /> By way of the present Writ Petition, the Petitioners have sought <br /> twofold reliefs. Firstly, to quash and set aside the order dated 20.08.2025 <br /> (impugned order) passed by the learned Sessions Judge and, secondly, to quash <br /> and set aside FIR No.125/2025 dated 30.08.2025 registered against the <br /> Petitioners under Sections 442, 427, 504, 379 r/w 34 of IPC at the instance of <br /> Ponda Police Station. <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>2.</b> The Petitioner No.1 is a senior citizen presently 66 years old and <br /> Petitioner No.2, the daughter of Petitioner No.1, is a doctor by profession. <br /> The Respondent No.2 is State of Goa and Respondent No.3 is the <br /> Complainant at whose instance the impugned order is passed and <br /> consequently the FIR is registered. <br /> <b>3.</b> <b> </b> The chronology of events necessary to determine the issue arising out <br /> of the present Petition is summarised as under: <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>2</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> <br /> (i) Respondent No.3 filed an application under Section 156(3) of the <br /> Code of Criminal Procedure before the learned JMFC, A Court, <br /> Ponda, seeking a direction to the concerned Police Station to register <br /> an FIR against the Petitioners herein. Learned JMFC vide its order <br /> dated 15.03.2024, was pleased to dismiss the aforesaid application <br /> under Section 156(3) of CrPC. <br /> <br /> (ii) Aggrieved by the order dated 15.03.2024, Respondent No.3 preferred <br /> Criminal Revision Application bearing No.66/2024 before the <br /> Additional Sessions Judge, Merces, sitting at Ponda. Vide order <br /> dated 20.08.2025 (impugned order), learned Sessions Judge was <br /> pleased to allow the Revision Application, set aside the order of the <br /> learned JMFC and direct the concerned Police Station to register an <br /> FIR against the Petitioners. <br /> <br /> (iii) In consequence to the aforesaid directions, the concerned Police <br /> Station registered an FIR dated 30.08.2025 against the Petitioners <br /> under Sections 442, 427, 504, 379 r/w 34 of IPC. <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>4.</b> Heard Ms Anushka Kuvelkar, learned Counsel for the Petitioners, Mr <br /> Nikhil Vaze, learned Additional Public Prosecutor for Respondent Nos.1 and <br /> 2/State and Mr Kabir Sabnis, learned Counsel for Respondent No.3. <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>5.</b> Rule. The rule is made returnable forthwith at the request of and with <br /> the consent of the learned Counsel for the parties. With the assistance of the <br /> learned Counsel for the parties, I have perused the record. <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>3</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> <b>6.</b> <b> </b><br /> Although, various grounds are set out in the Petition on merits, the <br /> Petitioners have restricted themselves to a short question of law. It was argued <br /> on behalf of the Petitioners that they were not heard by the learned Sessions <br /> Judge while deciding Criminal Revision Application No.66/2024 in a clear <br /> i ǿǟȖaljtioǿ oǟ the ȖeȕuiȖeǾeǿt oǟ laΛ aǿd the oLjseȖΚatioǿs oǟ the Hoǿঢ়Ljle <br /> Supreme Court. On this ground, the impugned order deserves to be set aside. <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>7.</b> The question that arises for my consideration is, whether, in law, the <br /> accused/proposed accused is required to be heard before the Revisional Court <br /> in a revision at the instance of the Complainant whose application under <br /> Section 156(3) of CrPC is rejected by the Magistrate. <br /> <b>8.</b> <b> </b><br /> At the outset, before adverting to the facts, it would be apposite to set <br /> out the framework of the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure <br /> dealing with Revision. Sections 397, 399 and 401 of CrPC read as follows: <br /> <b><i>397. Calling for records to exercise powers of revision</i></b> .— <br /> (1) The High Court or any Sessions Judge may call for and examine <br /> the record of any proceeding before any inferior Criminal Court <br /> situate within its or his local jurisdiction for the purpose of <br /> satisfying itself or himself; to the correctness, legality or propriety <br /> of any finding, sentence or order, recorded or passed, and as to the <br /> regularity of any proceedings of such inferior Court, and may, <br /> when calling, for such record, direct that the execution of any <br /> sentence or order be suspended, and if the accused is in <br /> confinement that he be released on bail or on his own bond pending <br /> the examination of the record. <br /> Explanation.—All Magistrates, whether Executive or Judicial, and <br /> whether exercising original or appellate jurisdiction, shall be <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>4</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> deemed to be inferior to the Sessions Judge for the purposes of this <br /> sub-section and of section 398. <br /> (2) The powers of revision conferred by sub-section (1) shall not be <br /> exercised in relation to any interlocutory order passed in any appeal, <br /> inquiry, trial or other proceeding. <br /> (3) If an application under this section has been made by any person <br /> either to the High Court or to the Sessions Judge, no further <br /> application by the same person shall be entertained by the other of <br /> them. <br /> <b><i>399. Sessions Judge's powers of revision</i></b> .— <br /> (1) In the case of any proceeding the record of which has been called <br /> for by himself, the Sessions Judge may exercise all or any of the <br /> powers which may be exercised by the High Court under sub-<br /> section (1) of section 401. <br /> (2) Where any proceeding by way of revision is commenced before <br /> a Sessions Judge under sub-section (1), the provisions of sub-<br /> sections (2), (3), (4) and (5) of section 401 shall, so far as may be, <br /> apply to such proceeding and references in the said sub-sections to <br /> the High Court shall be construed as references to the Sessions <br /> Judge. <br /> (3) Where any application for revision is made by or on behalf of <br /> any person before the Sessions Judge, the decision of the Sessions <br /> Judge thereon in relation to such person shall be final and no <br /> further proceeding by way of revision at the instance of such person <br /> shall be entertained by the High Court or any other Court. <br /> <b><i>401. High Court's powers of revision</i></b> .— <br /> (1) In the case of any proceeding the record of which has been called <br /> for by itself or which otherwise comes to its knowledge, the High <br /> Court may, in its discretion, exercise any of the powers conferred <br /> on a Court of Appeal by sections 386, 389, 390 and 391 or on a <br /> Court of Session by section 307, and, when the Judges composing <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>5</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> the Court of Revision are equally divided in opinion, the case shall <br /> be disposed of in the manner provided by section 392. <br /> (2) No order under this section shall be made to the prejudice of the <br /> accused or other person unless he has had an opportunity of being <br /> heard either personally or by pleader in his own defence. <br /> (3) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to authorise a High <br /> Court to convert a finding of acquittal into one conviction. <br /> (4) Where under this Code an appeal lies and no appeal is brought, <br /> no proceeding by way of revision shall be entertained at the instance <br /> of the party who could have appealed. <br /> (5) Where under this Code an appeal lies but an application for <br /> revision has been made to the High Court by any person and the <br /> High Court is satisfied that such application was made under the <br /> erroneous belief that no appeal lies thereto and that it is necessary <br /> in the interests of Justice so to do, the High Court may treat the <br /> application for revision as a petition of appeal and deal with the <br /> same accordingly. <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>9.</b> From the aforesaid framework of the provisions, it is seen that Section <br /> 401(2) which deals Λith the HiǠh CouȖtঢ়s poΛeȖ oǟ Revision clearly stipulates <br /> that no order shall be made to the prejudice of the accused or other person <br /> unless he has had an opportunity of being heard either personally or by pleader <br /> in his own defence. Section 397 r/ Λ Seljtioǿ 399, dealiǿǠ Λith Sessioǿs JudǠeঢ়s <br /> powers of Revision, mandate that the Sessions Judge can exercise all or any of <br /> the powers which may be exercised by the High Court under Section 401. <br /> Section 399 specifically provides that the provisions of sub-sections 2,3,4 and <br /> 5 of Section 401 shall, so far as may be, apply to the proceedings before the <br /> Sessions Judge. In effect, the revisional power of the Sessions Judge also <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>6</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> mandates that no order can be passed to the prejudice of the accused or other <br /> person without giving him an opportunity of being heard. <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>10.</b> Thus, at the outset, it is evident that the statute mandates that an <br /> oppo Ȗtuǿity Lje ǠiΚeǿ to the aljljused oȖ ড়otheȖ peȖsoǿঢ় in the revisional <br /> jurisdiction of either the High Court or the Sessions Court and that no order <br /> can be passed to the prejudice of such person unless he has had an opportunity <br /> of being heard in his own defence. <br /> <b>11.</b> <b> </b><br /> On behalf of the Petitioners, it was submitted that the Petitioners are <br /> prejudiced by the fact that they were not heard before the learned Sessions <br /> Judge in Criminal Revision Application No.66/2024 which, in their <br /> submission is in direct violation of the statutory requirement and hence the <br /> impugned order deserves to be set aside. <br /> <b>12.</b> <b> </b> The Petitioners have relied on the judgments of <b><i>Santhakumari and </i></b><br /> 1<br /> <b><i>Ors. V/s. State of Tamil Nadu and Anr.</i></b> , <b><i>Shri Shyamsunder </i></b><br /> 2<br /> <b><i>Radheshyam Agarwal V/s. State of Maharashtra and Anr.</i></b> , and a Full <br /> Bench judgment of the Allahabad High Court in the matter of <b><i>Jagannath </i></b><br /> 3<br /> <b><i>Verma and Ors. V/s. State of UP and Anr.</i></b> , in support of their <br /> submissions. <br /> <b>13.</b> <b> </b> On behalf of Respondent No.3 (Complainant), a reply affidavit was <br /> filed on merits. However, in response to the submissions on behalf of the <br /> <br /> 1<br /> (2023) 15 SCC 440 <br /> 2<br /> WPCR No.4036/2012 decided on 08.02.2013 <br /> 3<br /> AIR 2014 ALLAHABAD 214 <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>7</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> Petitioners, Respondent No.3 countered that the right of the <br /> accused/proposed accused to be heard before Revisional Court in a Revision <br /> at the instance of the Complainant against the order by the Magistrate <br /> rejecting the application under Section 156(3) CrPC would depend upon <br /> whether the Magistrate has taken cognizance of the offence or not. It was <br /> submitted that the accused/proposed accused, would have the right to be <br /> heard in Revision if the Magistrate has taken cognizance and proceeded under <br /> Chapter XV of CrPC. However, since an order rejecting the application <br /> under Section 156(3) CrPC is a pre-cognizance order, as in the present case, <br /> the proposed accused would not have a right to be heard before the Magistrate <br /> nor before the Revisional Court. On behalf of the Respondent No.3, reliance <br /> 4<br /> was placed on the judgment of <b><i>Union of India V/s. W.N. Chadha</i></b> . <br /> <b>14.</b> <b> </b> The Ho ǿঢ়Ljle SupȖeǾe CouȖt had aǿ oljljasioǿ to deal Λith aǿ ideǿtiljal <br /> issue in the case of Santhakumari and Ors. V/s. State of Tamil Nadu and Anr. <b><i> </i></b><br /> (supra), wherein it was contended on behalf of the proposed accused that they <br /> were prejudiced because they were not given an opportunity of hearing in the <br /> Revision Application of the Complainant against an order of the Magistrate <br /> dismissing his application under Section 156(3) of CrPC. It was further <br /> contended on behalf of the proposed accused that while exercising revisional <br /> powers under Section 401(2) of the CrPC, the High Court ought to have <br /> given such opportunity to the proposed accused and that they were prejudiced <br /> <br /> 4<br /> 1993 Supp (4) SCC 260 <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>8</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> by the direction to register FIR. It was in this factual backdrop that the <br /> : <br /> Ho ǿঢ়Ljle SupȖeǾe CouȖt oLjseȖΚed as uǿdeȖ<br /> 3. In support of the above contention, the appellants have placed <br /> reliance on a three-Judge Bench decision of this Court in <br /> 5<br /> Manharibhai Muljibhai Kakadia v. Shaileshbhai Mohanbhai Patel , <br /> wherein in para 48, in the context of a revision against an order <br /> dismissing a complaint under Section 203 of the Code, the <br /> provisions of sub-section (2) of Section 401 of the Code were <br /> interpreted as under: (SCC p. 541) <br /> "48. ... by virtue of Section 401(2) of the Code, the <br /> suspects get the right of hearing before the Revisional <br /> Court although such order was passed without their <br /> participation. The right given to "accused" or "the other <br /> person" under Section 401(2) of being heard before the <br /> Revisional Court to defend an order which operates in <br /> his favour should not be confused with the proceedings <br /> before a Magistrate under Sections 200, 202, 203 and <br /> 204. In the revision petition before the High Court or <br /> the Sessions Judge at the instance of the complainant <br /> challenging the order of dismissal of complaint, one of <br /> the things that could happen is reversal of the order of <br /> the Magistrate and revival of the complaint. It is in this <br /> view of the matter that the accused or other person <br /> cannot be deprived of hearing on the face of express <br /> provision contained in Section 401(2) of the Code. The <br /> stage is not important whether it is pre-process stage or <br /> post-process stage." <br /> (emphasis supplied) <br /> 4. The learned counsel for the respondents does not dispute that <br /> the prospective accused, namely, appellants herein, have not been <br /> served notice of the revision proceedings and the revision has been <br /> <br /> 5<br /> (2012) 10 SCC 517 <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>9</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> allowed by the High Court with a direction to register first <br /> information report against them. <br /> 5. Having considered the submissions, since it is not in dispute that <br /> the proposed accused were not served notice of the revision <br /> proceedings, the order passed by the High Court is in the teeth of <br /> the provisions of sub-section (2) of Section 401 of the Code as <br /> <br /> interpreted by this Court in Manharibhai Muljibhai Kakadia<br /> (supra). <br /> 6. The decision in Manharibhai Muljibhai Kakadia (supra) has also <br /> 6<br /> been followed in Bal Manohar Jalan v. Sunil Paswan , wherein it <br /> was held: (Bal Manohar Jalan case(supra), SCC p. 644, para 9) <br /> "9. In the present case challenge is laid to the order dated 4-<br /> 3-2009 at the instance of the complainant in the revision <br /> petition before the High Court and by virtue of Section <br /> 401(2) of the Code, the accused mentioned in the first <br /> information report get the right of hearing before the <br /> Revisional Court although the impugned order therein was <br /> passed without their participation. The appellant, who is <br /> an accused person cannot be deprived of hearing on the <br /> face of the express provision contained in Section 401(2) of <br /> the Code and on this ground, the impugned order of the <br /> High Court is liable to be set aside and the matter has to be <br /> ȖeǾitted. <br /> 7. In view of the aforesaid, the appeal is allowed and the impugned <br /> order dated 18-11-20221 is set aside. The matter is remitted back to <br /> the High Court to decide the revision afresh in accordance with <br /> <br /> la Λ.<br /> <b>15.</b> <b> </b> The aforesaid judgment refers to a three Judge Bench decision of the <br /> Ho ǿঢ়Ljle SupȖeǾe CouȖt iǿ <b><i>Manharibhai Muljibhai Kakadia V/s. </i></b><br /> <br /> 6<br /> (2014) 9 SCC 640 <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>10</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> <b><i>Shaileshbhai Mohanbhai Patel </i></b> (supra), which has also been followed in <br /> <b><i>Bal Manohar Jalan V/s. Sunil Paswan</i></b> (supra). <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>16.</b> The Petitioners have also placed reliance on the Full Bench ruling of <br /> the Allahabad High Court in the matter of <b><i>Jagannath Verma and Ors V/s. </i></b><br /> <b><i>State of UP and Anr.</i></b> (supra) wherein the following questions fell for <br /> consideration in reference to the Full Bench: <br /> শ1ষ WhetheȖ aǿ oȖdeȖ Ǿade uǿdeȖ Seljtioǿ 1ࢶࢷশ3ষ oǟ the Code <br /> rejecting an application for a direction to the police to register and <br /> investigate, is revisable under Section 397; and <br /> (2) If the answer to Question (1) is in the affirmative, then, whether <br /> in a revision filed against an order rejecting an application under <br /> Section 156(3), the prospective accused is also a necessary party and <br /> is ȖeȕuiȖed to Lje heaȖd LjeǟoȖe a ǟiǿal oȖdeȖ is passed. <br /> The relevant part of the ensuing discussion and the answer to the referenced <br /> questions are set out as follows: <br /> 58. As we have noted earlier, once an application has been filed <br /> before the magistrate upon the refusal of the police to investigate <br /> under Section 156(1), the Supreme Court has observed that the <br /> magistrate has an option of either proceeding under Section 156 (3) <br /> or under Section 200. If the magistrate were to proceed under <br /> Section 200 and the complaint is dismissed under Section 203, <br /> whether pre- or post-process, the persons who are suspected of <br /> having committed the crime have been held to be entitled to be <br /> heard in a revision by the complainant under Section 397 against <br /> the order of rejection. That being the position, there is no reason or <br /> justification to exclude an opportunity of being heard to the <br /> persons suspected of having committed the crime when a revision <br /> is filed under Section 397 against the rejection of an application <br /> under Section 156(3) for the registration of a case involving a <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>11</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> cognizable offence and for investigation by the police. The <br /> provisions of Section 401(2) have been held to require a hearing to <br /> a person suspected of having committed a crime when a criminal <br /> revision is laid against an order of dismissal of the complaint under <br /> Section 203, irrespective of the stage at which the complaint had <br /> been dismissed. Equally, there would be no justification to exclude <br /> the right of a hearing for, to use the language of Section 401(2), a <br /> hearing has to be afforded to the accused or other person and no <br /> order can be made to his prejudice unless he has an opportunity of <br /> being heard in his own defence. <br /> 59. The decision in Manharibhai Muljibhai Kakadia has been <br /> followed in a subsequent judgment of the Supreme Court in Mohit <br /> alias Sonu Vs State of Uttar Pradesh24. In that case, an order passed <br /> by the Additional Sessions Judge rejecting an application moved by <br /> the complainant under Section 319 of the Code was set aside by the <br /> High Court and the trial Court was directed to examine the <br /> accused-appellants. The accused were named in an FIR of having <br /> committed offences under Sections 147, 323, 504, 506 and 304 <br /> IPC. The Investigating Officer submitted a charge sheet against five <br /> accused leaving out the names of two accused who were the <br /> appellants before the Supreme Court. After the committal of the <br /> case for trial, the complainant in his examination-in-chief <br /> specifically stated the role of the appellants and moved an <br /> application under Section 319 for summoning them. The trial <br /> Court disposed of the application on the ground that the cross-<br /> examination had been not completed. This Court found no error <br /> in the order passed by the trial Court which had simply postponed <br /> the issue pending the cross-examination of the witnesses. A second <br /> application under Section 319 was thereafter rejected by the trial <br /> court, against which an application under Section 482 was allowed <br /> by this Court. This Court held that the trial Court was in error in <br /> rejecting the application for summoning the appellants and <br /> directed the trial Court to summon them under Section 319. The <br /> Supreme Court observed as follows: <br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>12</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> "25. In the light of the ratio laid down by this Court referred to <br /> herein above, we are of the considered opinion that the order passed <br /> by the trial court refusing to issue summons on the application filed <br /> by the complainant under Section 319 of CrPC cannot be held to <br /> be an interlocutory order within the meaning of sub-section (2) of <br /> Section 397 of CrPC. Admittedly, in the instant case, before the <br /> trial court the complainant's application under Section 319 of <br /> CrPC was rejected for the second time holding that there was no <br /> sufficient evidence against the appellants to proceed against them <br /> by issuing summons. The said order passed by the trial court <br /> decides the rights and liabilities of the appellants in respect of their <br /> involvement in the case. As held by this Court in Amar Nath's case, <br /> an order which substantially affects the rights of the accused or <br /> decides certain rights of the parties cannot be said to be an <br /> interlocutory order so as to bar a revision to the High Court against <br /> that order as contemplated under Section 397(2) of CrPC. <br /> 26. In the instant case as noticed above, when the complainant's <br /> application under Section 319 of CrPC was rejected for the second <br /> time, he moved the High Court challenging the said order under <br /> Section 482 of CrPC on the ground that the Sessions Court had <br /> not correctly appreciated the facts of the case and the evidence <br /> brought on record. The complainant wanted the High Court to set <br /> aside the order after holding that the evidence brought on record is <br /> sufficient for coming to the conclusion that the appellants were also <br /> involved in the commission of the offence. <br /> 27. In our considered opinion, the complainant ought to have <br /> challenged the order before the High Court in revision under <br /> Section 397 of CrPC and not by invoking inherent jurisdiction of <br /> the High Court under Section 482 of CrPC Maybe, in order to <br /> circumvent the provisions contained in sub-section (2) of Section <br /> 397 or Section 401, the complainant moved the High Court under <br /> Section 482 CrPC. In the event a criminal revision had been filed <br /> against the order of the Sessions Judge passed under Section 319 of <br /> CrPC, the High Court before passing the order would have given <br /> notice and opportunity of hearing to the appellants." <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>13</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> <br /> 62. The test as to whether a person is entitled to an opportunity of <br /> being heard in a challenge to an order passed in an original <br /> proceeding by another is not dependant necessarily on whether <br /> such a person had a right to be heard in the original proceeding. A <br /> person who is entitled to be heard in an original proceeding may <br /> legitimately assert a right to be heard when a substantive right <br /> created by an order passed in that proceeding is sought to be assailed <br /> before a higher forum at the behest of another person. But a right <br /> to be heard in revision is not excluded because a person who claims <br /> such a right was not entitled to be heard before the original order, <br /> which is assailed, was passed in the first instance or merely because <br /> a right of a hearing will not be available in the original proceedings <br /> on remand. The entitlement of a hearing at a particular stage has to <br /> be assessed independently, by considering the consequences of the <br /> proceeding in which a hearing is sought. Where a substantial right <br /> will be affected, a prejudice is likely to result or a result which has <br /> enured to the benefit of a person is sought to be negated, a hearing <br /> can legitimately be claimed when the order is assailed in a higher <br /> forum. Natural justice in our jurisprudence is not merely a matter <br /> of statutory entitlement but is an emanation or recognition of the <br /> constitutional right to fair procedure, fair treatment and objective <br /> decision making. Hence, a prospective accused is entitled to be <br /> heard in revision under Section 397 when an order rejecting an <br /> application under Section 156 (3) is assailed. For, such a person <br /> would have a legitimate entitlement to defend the order as having <br /> been correctly made. The fact that in the event of a remand by the <br /> revisional court to the Magistrate, for fresh consideration of an <br /> application under Section 156 (3), such a person has no right of a <br /> hearing does not preclude a right of a hearing in revision when the <br /> original order rejecting an application under Section 156 (3) is <br /> assailed. <br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>14</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> 64. In view of the discussion above and for the reasons which we <br /> have furnished, we have come to the following conclusion: <br /> (i) Before the Full Bench of this Court in Father Thomas, the <br /> controversy was whether a direction to the police to register a First <br /> Information Report in regard to a case involving a cognizable <br /> offence and for investigation is open to revision at the instance of a <br /> person suspected of having committed a crime against whom <br /> neither cognizance has been taken nor any process issued. Such an <br /> order was held to be interlocutory in nature and, therefore, to <br /> attract the bar under sub-section (2) of Section 397. The decision <br /> in Father Thomas does not decide the issue as to whether the <br /> rejection of an application under Section 156 (3) would be <br /> amenable to a revision under Section 397 by the complainant or the <br /> informant whose application has been rejected; <br /> (ii) An order of the magistrate rejecting an application under <br /> Section 156 (3) of the Code for the registration of a case by the <br /> police and for investigation is not an interlocutory order. Such an <br /> order is amenable to the remedy of a criminal revision under Section <br /> 397; and <br /> (iii) In proceedings in revision under Section 397, the prospective <br /> accused or, as the case may be, the person who is suspected of <br /> having committed the crime is entitled to an opportunity of being <br /> heard before a decision is taken in the criminal revision. <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17.</b> The reliance of Respondent No.3 on the judgment o ǟ the Hoǿঢ়Ljle <br /> Supreme Court in the matter of Union of India and Anr. V/s. W.N. Chadha <br /> (supra) is misplaced. The o LjseȖΚatioǿs oǟ the Hoǿঢ়Ljle SupȖeǾe CouȖt <br /> pertained to the opportunity of being heard conferred on an accused person <br /> at the stage of investigation and not in the revisional jurisdiction, particularly <br /> when the Revision is at the instance of the Complainant whose application <br /> under Section 156(3) of CrPC has been dismissed. <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>15</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> <b>18.</b> <b> </b><br /> The o LjseȖΚatioǿs oǟ the Hoǿঢ়Ljle SupȖeǾe CouȖt iǿ the judgments <br /> referenced above and the pronouncement of the Full Bench of the Allahabad <br /> High Court leave no room for doubt that the impugned order is in the teeth <br /> of the mandatory provisions of CrPC as set out hereinabove and deserves to <br /> be quashed and set aside. <br /> <b>19.</b> <b> </b> Consequently, the FIR No.125/2025 dated 30.08.2025, which is also <br /> a direct consequence of the impugned order, must, as a corollary, be quashed <br /> and set aside. <br /> <b>20.</b> <b> </b> In the light of the aforesaid facts and discussion, I pass the following <br /> order: <br /> <b>O R D E R </b><br /> (i) The impugned order dated 20.08.2025 passed by the <br /> learned Sessions Judge in Criminal Revision Application <br /> No.66/2024 is quashed and set aside. <br /> <br /> (ii) The case is remanded back to the Additional Sessions <br /> Judge, Merces, sitting at Ponda. The Petitioners shall be added <br /> as party – Respondents in Criminal Revision Application <br /> No.66/2024. <br /> <br /> <br /> (iii) The Additional Sessions Judge, Merces, sitting at Ponda, is <br /> directed to decide Criminal Revision Application No.66/2024 <br /> on its own merits, after giving due opportunity of hearing to the <br /> Petitioners and in accordance with law, as expeditiously as <br /> possible and not later than six weeks. <br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>16</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b><br /><br /> <b>WPCR</b> <b>-5-2026 </b><br /> <br /> <br /> (iv) The parties to appear before the learned Additional <br /> Sessions Judge, Merces, sitting at Ponda or the <br /> officiating/incharge Court on 10.04.2026. <br /> <br /> (v) The FIR bearing No.125/2025 dated 30.08.2025 <br /> registered against the Petitioners under Sections 442, 427, 504, <br /> 379 r/w 34 of IPC at the instance of Ponda Police Station is <br /> quashed and set aside. <br /> <b>21.</b> <b> </b> The Petition is allowed. Rule is made absolute in the aforesaid terms. <br /> It is clarified that this Court has not expressed any opinion on the merits of <br /> the case. All rights and contentions of all concerned parties are left open. <br /> <b>22.</b> <b> </b> Office objections, if any, stand waived. <br /> <br /> <b> ASHISH S. CHAVAN, J. </b> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b>17</b> <br /> <b>17</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><br /> <b><i>::: Uploaded on - 02/04/2026</i></b> <b><i>::: Downloaded on - 02/04/2026 15:31:41 :::</i></b></div>