MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING vs DR M K RAVISHANKAR

Court
Karnataka High Court
Decided on
03-03-2026

- 1 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


®

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU

rd
DATED THIS THE 03 DAY OF MARCH, 2026

PRESENT

THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE D K SINGH

AND

THE HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE TARA VITASTA GANJU

WRIT APPEAL NO. 98 OF 2024 (S-RES)

C/W

WRIT APPEAL NO. 89 OF 2024 (S-RES)

IN WA.No.98/2024:

BETWEEN:

MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
REP BY ITS AUTHORISED SIGNATORY
P B NO 21, SALAGAME ROAD
HASSAN - 573202
…APPELLANT
(BY SRI. P.N. MANMOHAN., ADVOCATE)

AND:

1. DR M K RAVISHANKAR
S/O LATE DR M KAMALAKAR
AGED ABOUT 51 YEARS
ST
HASIRU, 1 FLOOR
BEHIND JJ DEAF SCHOOL
GOWRIKOPPALLU HASSAN - 573202

2. STATE OF KARNATAKA
REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY
DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION
M S BUILDING, DR AMBEDKAR ROAD
BENGALURU - 560018










Digitally
signed by
VASANTHA
KUMARY B
K
Location:
HIGH
COURT OF
KARNATAKA


3. VISVESHWARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

- 2 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


REPRESENTED BY ITS REGISTRAR
JNANA SANGAMA
VTU MAIN ROAD MACHHE,
BELGAUM - 590018

4. ALL INDIA COUNCIL FOR TECHNICAL EDUCATION
NELSAN MANDELA MARG,
VASANTH KUNJ NEW DELHI 110070
REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN
…RESPONDENTS
(BY SRI. K.N.PHANEENDRA, SENIOR COUNSEL ALONG WITH
SMT. VAISHALI HEGDE, FOR C/R1;
SRI. MOHAMMAD JAFFAR SHAH, AGA FOR R2;
SRI. SANTHOSH.S.NAGARALE FOR R3;
SRI. H.R.SHOWRI FOR R4)

THIS WRIT APPEAL IS FILED U/S 4 OF THE KARNATAKA
HIGH COURT ACT, PRAYING TO SET ASIDE THE ORDER DATED
14.12.2023 PASSED IN WP No.20487/2023 PASSED BY THE
LEARNED SINGLE JUDGE AND CONSEQUENTLY DISMISS THE
WP No.20487/2023 AND PASS SUCH OTHER AND FURTHER
ORDERS AS DEEMED FIT IN THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES
OF THE CASE, IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE AND EQUITY.

IN WA.No.89/2024:

BETWEEN:

1. MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
REP BY ITS AUTHORISED SIGNATORY,
P B NO. 21, SALAGAME ROAD,
HASSAN - 573202.
…APPELLANT
(BY SRI. P.N. MANMOHAN., ADVOCATE)

AND:

1. DR K P RAVIKUMAR
S/O LATE PUPPANNA,
AGED ABOUT 53 YEARS,
R/A 3RD MAIN, 12TH CROSS,
SHANTHI NAGAR, HASSAN - 573202.

- 3 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING,
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
HASSAN - 573202.

2. STATE OF KARNATAKA
REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY,
DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION,
M S BUILDING, DR AMBEDKAR ROAD,
BENGALURU - 560018.

3. VISVESHWARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
REPRESENTED BY ITS REGISTRAR,
JNANA SANGAMA,
VTU MAIN ROAD, MACHHE,
BELGAUM - 590018.

4. ALL INDIA COUNCIL FOR
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
NELSAN MANDELA MARG,
VASANTH KUNJ, NEW DELHI - 110070.
REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN.
…RESPONDENTS
(BY SRI. K.N.PHANEENDRA, SENIOR COUNSEL ALONG WITH
SMT. VAISHALI HEGDE, FOR C/R1;
SRI. MOHAMMED JAFFER SHAH, AGA FOR R2;
SRI. SANTHOSH.S.NAGARALE FOR R3;
SRI. H.R.SHOWRI FOR R4)

THIS WRIT APPEAL IS FILED U/S 4 OF THE KARNATAKA
HIGH COURT ACT PRAYING TO ALLOW THIS APPEAL AND SET
ASIDE THE ORDER DATED 14.12.2023 PASSED IN WRIT
PETITION No. 20488/2023, PASSED BY THE LEARNED SINGLE
JUDGE AND CONSEQUENTLY DISMISS THE WRIT PETITION No.
20488/2023 AND PASS SUCH OTHER AND FURTHER ORDERS
AS DEEMED FIT IN THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE
CASE, IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE AND EQUITY.

THESE APPEALS HAVING BEEN HEARD AND RESERVED
FOR JUDGMENT ON 21.02.2026, COMING ON FOR

- 4 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


PRONOUNCEMENT THIS DAY, HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE
D K SINGH., PRONOUNCED THE FOLLOWING:
CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE D K SINGH
and
HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE TARA VITASTA GANJU

CAV JUDGMENT
(PER: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE D K SINGH)


The present intra Court appeals have been filed by
the Malnad College of Engineering (Respondent No.4
before the writ Court), being aggrieved by the judgment
and order dated 14.12.2023 passed by the learned Single
Judge in Writ Petition No.20487/2023 (S-RES) connected
with the Writ Petition No.20488/2023 (S-RES).

2. The parties are referred to as per their ranking
before the writ Court, for the sake of convenience.

3. The learned Single Judge vide impugned judgment
and order has held that the petitioners would have the
right to continue in their services until they attain the age
of superannuation in the College as the order of
termination of their services was non est . The
Management has been directed to continue the services of

- 5 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


the petitioners till they attain the age of superannuation
and pay them salary and allowances in accordance with
the UGC regulations.

4. The respondent No.4/College is a Government aided
College and it receives grant-in-aid. However, the
Department of Automobile Engineering was a self-
financing Department as it did not receive any grant-in-aid
from the Government.

5. The petitioner Dr.M.K. Ravishankar in W.P.
No.20487/2023 was appointed as a Lecturer on
11.04.1997. He completed his Ph.D. programme from
the I.I.T. Madras after taking study leave and he reported
back to the College on 01.08.2007. He was thereafter,
appointed as an Assistant Professor. On completion of 3
years of service as Assistant Professor, he was designated
as an Associate Professor and he was promoted as
Professor vide order dated 14.05.2015.

- 6 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


6. Dr.K.P. Ravikumar, the petitioner in Writ Petition
No.20488/2023 was appointed as a Lecturer on
29.08.2005. He was promoted as Senior Lecturer on
01.09.2010, which was re-designated as Associate
Professor on 01.01.2012 and he was also promoted as a
Professor under the Career Advancement Scheme on
14.05.2015.

7. Due to a continuous decline in admissions in unaided
Automobile Engineering Department of the College, the
Board of Governors of respondent No.4/College vide
Resolution dated 27.03.2021 decided to close the
Automobile Engineering course progressively after
obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the
competent authorities. Finally, the Department came to
be closed, the employees working in the Department
including the teaching faculty either got adjusted against
the vacancies in other Departments or where
adjustment/accommodation could not be possible, they
were relieved as the posts in the Automobile Engineering

- 7 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


Department got abolished because of closure of the
Automobile Engineering Course.

8. The decision to close the Automobile Engineering
Course was communicated to Visveshwaraiah
Technological University (for brevity 'the VTU' ) and VTU
in turn had given its No Objection Certificate for closure of
the course. The respondent No.4/College had also
obtained approval of respondent No.3/All India Council for
Technical Education (for brevity 'the AICTE' ) for closure
of the course. Besides Automobile Engineering course,.
respondent No.4/College had also obtained approval for
closure of another non-aided course i.e., Industrial and
Production Engineering from the Academic Session 2021-
2022.

9. In view of the abolition of the course and closure of
the Department, the Management of the respondent
No.4/College issued relieving letters dated 11.09.2023 to
the petitioners, which they refused to accept. However,
the letters were sent through email and RPAD. After

- 8 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


receiving the communication of relieving the petitioners
from their Posts of Professors in the College, the
petitioners had approached the writ Court by filing the
aforesaid two writ petitions. The learned Single Judge
framed the following issue for determination, i.e.:
"Whether the persons employed by a Technical
Institution can be terminated on the ground that
the VTU and AICTE had approved the closure of
the course in which they were rendering their
services".

10. The learned Single Judge has held that the All India
Council for Technical Education [Pay Scales, Service
Conditions and Qualifications for the Teachers and Other
Academic Staff in Technical Institutions (Degree)]
Regulations, 2010, (for brevity 'the 2010 Regulations' )
are applicable to all Technical Institutions and Universities,
including deemed Universities, imparting Technical
Education. These Regulations also provide the age of
superannuation i.e., 65 years. Regulations also provide
for payment of pension, family pension, provident fund.

- 9 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


11. On 01.03.2019, the AICTE framed a fresh set of
Regulations called 'the AICTE Regulations on Pay Scales,
Service Conditions and Minimum Qualifications for the
Appointment of Teachers and Other Academic Staff such
as Library, Physical Education and Training and Placement
Personnel in Technical Institutions and Measures for the
Maintenance of Standards in Technical Education -
(Degree) Regulations, 2019' (for brevity 'the 2019
Regulations' ).

12. As per the 2019 Regulations, the age of
superannuation of all faculty members including
Principals/Directors of the Institutions, has been
prescribed to be 65 years and an extension of 5 years
could be given to those members, who were physically fit
and those who had written Books in the Technical Field,
published papers and had an average of 360 feedback of
more than 8 out of 10, which indicated that they were
active during the last preceding 3 years of service.

- 10 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


13. The learned Single Judge has been of the view that
the respondent No.4/College would not be entitled to
terminate the services of a Member of Teaching faculty in
view of the closure of a particular course. Once a college
imparting technical knowledge decides to start a course of
study after obtaining necessary approvals of the AICTE, it
is required to maintain the prescribed faculty and the
student teacher ratio. If the College is unable to attract
the requisite number of students, it is empowered to seek
the approval of the Council to close such course. However,
in the case of closure, the students who were admitted to
the course should not get affected. Measures have to be
taken by the College to accommodate the already
admitted students to other colleges and this would indicate
that the priority, as far as the Council is concerned is the
well-being of the students, who were admitted to such
course of study.

14. The learned Single Judge had drawn an inference
that the Council has not made any provision in relation to

- 11 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


the Faculty of the course for which the approval has been
granted to close the course, it would mean that the
Management of the College would have to continue the
services of the faculty attached to such course and bear
the expenditure in that regard.

15. It is further held that the College cannot retrench
the faculty once an unaided course had become financially
unviable. And if the argument is accepted, then every
college would have the right to pay a lesser salary than
what is prescribed by the AICTE on the ground that the
running of the course or the running of the Institution was
not financially viable. Therefore, financial viability cannot
be a ground to terminate the services of the faculty, when
the Management of the College has decided to close the
course on the ground of financial un-viability.

16. The Regulations are silent about the fate of the
Faculty, which are applicable to all Technical Colleges and
Institutions, the presumptions should be in favour of the
petitioners that they are entitled to continue in the

- 12 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


employment till they attain the age of superannuation i.e.,
65 years of age.

17. It is further held that unless the teaching faculty and
the Management mutually agree to part with, the
Institution would have the obligation to continue them and
pay them their salary by utilizing their services.

18. The learned Single Judge also placed reliance on the
proceedings of the Committee Meeting held on 10.05.2021
that in the Mechanical Engineering Department, in Post
Graduation Course, admissions were less than 10 in the
last 3 years and the required number of faculty was 38,
but the faculty available at the present was only 30,
therefore 8 additional faculty members were required.


19. The College itself had informed the VTU that it had
constituted a Committee, which would examine the
possibilities of recommending the teaching staff on a case
to case basis and make the recommendations to the Board
of Governors. The learned Single Judge held that the

- 13 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


proceedings of the Committee dated 19.11.2022 would
suggest that though the Board of Management had
decided to accommodate the members of the Mechanical
Engineering in various other undergraduate and post
graduate programs, the committee nevertheless appears
to be of the view, that it was not possible to accommodate
the existing faculty of Automobile Engineering in the aided
Mechanical Department. The Committee also stated that
the College had decided to reduce the intake of the
Mechanical Engineering Department from 180 to 120 and
there were no vacancies in the Mechanical Department
against which the petitioners could be accommodated. The
learned Single Judge was not impressed by the report of
the Three Men Committee dated 17.08.2023 in the light of
the proceedings of the Committee meeting held on
10.05.2021, and thus allowed the writ petitions.

20. Sri P. N. Manmohan learned counsel for the
appellant/respondent No.4/College has submitted that the
petitioners were appointed in unaided Department i.e.,

- 14 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


Automobile Engineering. The Department itself got
closed/abolished because there were not enough intake in
the said Department of the College and it became
financially unviable as it was a self-financing course. The
posts against which the petitioners were appointed also
got abolished. After abolition of the posts, the petitioners
would not have any right in law or either under the
contract of employment to continue in service till they
would attain the age of superannuation. The decision to
close the Department of Automobile Engineering was
taken with due approval from the VTU and the AICTE.
Neither VTU in its No Objection Certificate (NOC) nor
AICTE have put a condition that the petitioners would
continue in service even after the Department of
Automobile Engineering gets closed.

21. It is further submitted that AICTE Regulations of
2010 and 2019 provides the maximum age in service, but
that does not mean that once appointed, their services
cannot be terminated particularly, when the post against

- 15 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


which they were appointed would no longer be in
existence. It is further submitted that the Department of
Mechanical Engineering is an aided Department and to fill
up posts in an aided Department, the permission of the
Government would be required and once the permission is
granted, the application would be called for direct
recruitment and then after selection with the approval of
the Government, the posts can be filled. There is no
question of automatic adjustment of the petitioners in any
aided Department. The Committee in its report dated
10.05.2021 did not consider the issue that the Mechanical
Department is an aided course.

22. The Mechanical Engineering Department as on date
has intake of 120 students. There are 22 posts for
teaching staff, out of which 13 posts are filled up and 9
are vacant. Currently 95% of the admission of the
students in the aided quota of 120 students intake is from
CET and the Management quota is only 5%. In the
meanwhile, in 2018 an intake of 61 was increased in

- 16 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


Mechanical Engineering and the intake became 180
students. To cope with the additional workload and on
account of the abolition of Industrial Production
Engineering course, some of the faculty members were
transferred from Industrial Production and Engineering to
Mechanical Engineering on temporary basis. Currently the
College has 34 faculty members in Mechanical
Engineering, out of which 13 are on aided basis and 21 are
temporary basis.

23. The submission is that the petitioners cannot be
adjusted/accommodated in Departments which are aided.
There is no unaided Department where the petitioners can
be accommodated. Petitioners could be accommodated
only in Mechanical Engineering Department. But that
being aided, the posts are to be filled up after due
approval from the Government and through proper
selection process.

24. It is further submitted that the appellant College is a
Private Educational Institution, therefore, the writ petition

- 17 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


itself was not maintainable inasmuch as the Department
of Automobile Engineering was not under the control of
the Government as no grant-in-aid was given to the said
Department. The decision to abolish the Department of
Automobile Engineering was well considered decision and
the same was given effect to after taking the approval
from the VTU and the AICTE. Once the decision to close
the Department of Automobile Engineering is not in
question, the Department itself got abolished and the
posts against which the petitioners were working there
also got abolished. The learned Single Judge therefore,
should not have directed for their continuation till they
attain the age of superannuation. The right to continue in
employment exists till the post is available, against which
a person is employed. Once the post itself is abolished,
there cannot be any right to claim for continuation till the
person attains the age of superannuation. The Board's
resolution dated 27.03.2021 was uploaded immediately on
the website of the Institution, however, relieving order
was issued after 2.5 years when it became impossible for

- 18 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


the Institution to get them adjusted. It is further
submitted that the Institution cannot be expected to give
salary to the petitioners for a post which is not in
existence and the petitioners' services are not utilized by
the Institution. He therefore, submits that the impugned
judgment and order is unsustainable and the same may be
set aside.

25. On the other hand, Smt. Vaishali Hegde, learned
counsel appearing for respondent No.1/Caveator in both
the appeals has submitted that the respondent
No.4/College is a Private Aided Engineering College
established in 1960, a joint venture between the
Government of India, Government of Karnataka and
Malnad Technical Education Society, Hassan. The College
is an autonomous Institution with grant from the UGC and
is governed by the Grant-in-Aid Rules of the Government
of Karnataka. The said College is also recognized by the
All India Council for Technical Education and accredited by
the National Board of Accreditation and National

- 19 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


Accreditation and Assessment Council. The Institution has
received grants through the Technical Education Quality
Improvement Programme of Government of India under
World Bank Assistance in three phases i.e., 2004-2005,
2011-2016 and 2017-2021.

26. It is submitted that petitioners would have the
legitimate expectation of being continued in service till the
age of superannuation, having been appointed with the
specific mention of the applicability of AICTE Regulations
as the Institution is an aided Institution receiving grants
from both Central and State Governments under various
heads. The VTU had granted NOC for closure of the
Department on the assurance that it would act on the
recommendation of the Committee, which provided that
the faculty Member of the Automobile Engineering course
would be accommodated in the College. The College is
now estopped to take contrary stand to the
recommendations dated 10.05.2021 of the Committee.
The respondent No.4/College had assured the VTU that the
Committee would place its recommendation to the Board

- 20 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


of Governors and therefore, the respondent/College had
misled the VTU into believing that the teaching staff would
not be terminated. The VTU has transferred the said
documents to the AICTE for approval. The Committee
headed by Dr.N.C.Shivaprakash had categorically given
the recommendation dated 10.05.2021 that the petitioners
should be transferred to the Mechanical Department.
Therefore, the approval of both the University and AICTE
was based on the recommendation dated 10.05.2021.
Immediately after securing the NOC, the appellant
Institution had given a complete go by to the Committee's
recommendation dated 10.05.2021.

27. The letter dated 25.03.2022 issued by the
respondent No.4/College would indicate that the faculty of
the Civil, Electrical and Electronics Engineering would not
be disturbed and they would be retained in service.

28. It is further submitted that the respondent Institution
has a positive obligation under the AICTE regulations to
continue the petitioners in service till they attain the age

- 21 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


of superannuation. It is further submitted that various
Assistant Professors (non grant-in-aid) were promoted as
Associate Professor in the academic year 2024-25 in the
Department of Mechanical Engineering and vide order
dated 08.02.2025, the respondent No.4/College has
transferred three faculty members of Department of
Computer Science and Business System to the Department
of Mechanical Engineering. It is therefore, submitted that
the ground taken by the respondent No.4/College that the
petitioners cannot be accommodated in Mechanical
Engineering Department and that Department is aided
Department and for making appointment, the Government
approval is necessary and by selection process only one
can be appointed, does not appear to be correct. She
therefore, submitted that the learned Single Judge, having
considered all the facts and circumstances of the case, has
rightly allowed the writ petitions, which is not required to
be interfered with.

- 22 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


29. We have considered the submissions advanced by
the learned counsels and counsel for the AICTE and VTU,
besides the learned AGA.

30. The primary question which involves for
consideration in these appeals is that :
"Whether the petitioners have the right in law to
continue in the College up to the date of superannuation
i.e., 65 years as provided under the AICTE 2019
Regulations, particularly, Regulation 2.12?"

31. The petitioners were working in the Automobile
Engineering Department as Professors. Before the
relieving letters dated 11.09.2023 were issued to them,
the Department of Automobile Engineering was a self-
financing Department. Petitioners have not disputed that
there was consistent decline in admissions in Automobile
Engineering course in the College. It is also not disputed
that the said course became unviable financially for the
College and therefore, the Board of Management of the
College had taken a decision to close the Automobile

- 23 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


Engineering course and the Department. The VTU has
given no objection for closing the Department of
Automobile Engineering and the approval was accorded by
the AICTE for its closure. The decisions taken by the
Board of Governors of the College, No objection and
approval granted by the VTU and AICTE respectively have
not been questioned by the petitioners in the writ
petitions.

32. The petitioners' service conditions are governed as
per the AICTE Regulations 2010 and 2019. However, it
provides the age of superannuation as 65 years.


33. The primary question which is required to be
answered is that whether the petitioners would be entitled
to continue till they attain the age of superannuation, i.e.,
up to 65 years though the Department of Automobile
Engineering itself was closed and resultantly the posts
against which the petitioners were appointed and
continuing also got abolished. It is also not in dispute
that the Department of Mechanical Engineering is a

- 24 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


Government aided Department and the appointments in
the said Department are to be made as per the
appointment procedure prescribed under the relevant
Regulations.


34. We are of the considered view, that the petitioners
will not have a legal or contractual right to continue in the
employment, once the posts of Professor on which they
were working in the Automobile Engineering got abolished
on closure of the Department. The petitioners would have
the right to continue till the age of superannuation, had
the Department of Automobile Engineering was not closed
down. Once the Department of Automobile Engineering
was closed down and the posts got abolished, the
petitioners would not have the right to continue in the
employment of the College till the age of superannuation
i.e., 65 years.


35. The learned Single Judge has missed this vital aspect
while allowing the writ petitions. Mere provision for the
age of superannuation as 65 years under the AICTE

- 25 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024


Regulations would not entitle the petitioners to continue in
the College till the age of 65 years, even if the Department
of Automobile Engineering was validly closed, and the
posts got abolished after all due permissions from the
relevant authorities i.e., VTU and the AICTE. As the
petitioners have no right in law to remain in the College
after the Department of Automobile Engineering was
closed, and the posts against which they were working got
abolished, we are of the firm view, that the impugned
judgment and order dated 14.12.2023 passed by the
learned Single Judge is unsustainable, and thus, we set
aside the same and allow the appeals.

36. However, in equity we are of the view, that the
petitioners have worked in the appellant/College for
substantial years i.e., from 1997 onwards till the date of
closure, therefore, they must be paid some financial
assistance for losing their jobs, before the date of
superannuation/retirement due to the closure of the
Department of Automobile Engineering in which they had
no role to play.

- 26 -
WA No. 98 of 2024
C/W WA No.89 of 2024




37. We therefore, direct the appellant/respondent No.4/
College to pay each of the petitioners a sum of
Rs.40,00,000/- (Rupee Forty Lakhs Only) within a period
four weeks from today besides statutory dues, if any
payable to them.
38. With the aforesaid directions, the present appeals
stand allowed.
39. In view of the appeals having been allowed, interim
applications, if any do not survive for consideration, hence
disposed of.
Sd/-
(D K SINGH)
JUDGE

Sd/-
(TARA VITASTA GANJU)
JUDGE



NG /CT: SN