Delhi Police & Anr. vs Sudheer Kumar
- Court
- Delhi High Court
- Case type
- Writ Petition Civil
- Decided on
- 25-03-2026
<div> * <b>IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI</b><br /> <b><i>Reserved on: 06.02.2026</i></b><br /> <b><i>Pronounced on: 25.03.2026</i></b><br /> + <b>W.P.(C) 17015/2025 & CM APPL. 69982/2025</b><br /> DELHI POLICE & ANR. .....Petitioners<br /> Through: Mr. Animesh Rastogi, SPC along<br /> with Ms. Neha Rastogi, Mr.<br /> Shashank Pandey, Mr. Ashutosh<br /> Pathak, Advs.<br /> versus<br /> SUDHEER KUMAR ....Respondent<br /> Through: Ms. Esha Mazumdar, Ms.<br /> Muskan Sharma, Advs.<br /> <b>CORAM:</b><br /> <b>HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE NAVIN CHAWLA</b><br /> <b>HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE MADHU JAIN</b><br /> <b>J U D G M E N T</b><br /> <b>MADHU JAIN, J.</b><br /> 1. The present petition has been filed, challenging the order dated<br /> 29.04.2025 passed by the learned Central Administrative Tribunal,<br /> Principal Bench, New Delhi (hereinafter referred to as the ‘ <i>Tribunal’</i> ) in<br /> O.A. No. 890/2024, titled <b><i> Sudheer Kumar v. Delhi Police & Anr.</i></b> <i>,</i><br /> whereby the learned Tribunal allowed the said O.A. filed by the<br /> respondent herein and directed the petitioners to permit the respondent to<br /> join duty as a Constable (Driver)-Male.<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 1 of 18</i><br /><br /> <b><i>FACTUAL MATRIX:</i></b><br /> 2. The brief facts leading to the present petition are that, for filling up<br /> 1411 vacancies for the post of Constable (Driver)-Male, a Notice dated<br /> 08.07.2022 was issued by the Staff Selection Commission (‘SSC’). The<br /> Notice stipulated the eligibility criteria, terms and conditions, and<br /> instructions governing the recruitment process. The closing date for<br /> receipt of online applications was 29.07.2022.<br /> 3. Under Clause 6 of the Notice, captioned “ <i>Essential Qualification</i> ”,<br /> it was stipulated, <i> inter alia,</i> that the candidate must possess a valid<br /> driving license for Heavy Motor Vehicles on the closing date of receipt<br /> of online application. The relevant portion of the said Notice is<br /> reproduced hereinbelow:<br /> <i>“6.</i> <b><i> Essential Qualification</i></b><br /> <i>a) 10+2 (Senior Secondary) passed or equivalent</i><br /> <i>from a recognized Board (as on 29.07.2022 i.e.</i><br /> <i>the closing date of receipt of online application)</i><br /> <i>b) Should be able to drive heavy vehicles with</i><br /> <i>confidence</i><br /> <b><i>c)</i></b> <b><i>Valid</i></b> <b><i>driving</i></b> <b><i>license</i></b> <b><i>for</i></b> <b><i>Heavy</i></b> <b><i>Motor</i></b><br /> <b><i>Vehicles (as on closing date of receipt of online</i></b><br /> <b><i>application)</i></b><br /> <i>d)</i> <i>Possess</i> <i>knowledge</i> <i>of</i> <i>maintenance</i> <i>of</i><br /> <i>vehicles”</i><br /> 4. Further, Clause 15.16 of the Notice provided that the candidature<br /> of a candidate would be purely provisional at all stages and could be<br /> cancelled at any time, even after issuance of the Offer of Appointment, if<br /> it was found that the candidate did not fulfil the prescribed eligibility<br /> conditions. The said Clause 15.16 is reproduced hereinbelow:<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 2 of 18</i><br /><br /> <i>“</i> <b><i>15.16</i></b> <i>The</i> <i>candidates</i> <i>applying</i> <i>for</i> <i>the</i><br /> <i>examination should ensure that they fulfill all</i><br /> <i>the eligibility conditions for admission to the</i><br /> <i>examination. Their admission at all the stages</i><br /> <i>of examination will be purely provisional,</i><br /> <i>subject</i> <i>to</i> <i>their</i> <i>satisfying</i> <i>the</i> <i>prescribed</i><br /> <i>eligibility conditions. If, on verification, at any</i><br /> <i>time before or after the Computer Based</i><br /> <i>Examination,</i> <i>PE&MT</i> <i>and</i> <i>Medical</i><br /> <i>Examination as well as after issue of Offer of</i><br /> <i>Appointment/Joining the Service, it is found</i><br /> <i>that they do not fulfill any of the eligibility</i><br /> <i>conditions, their candidature/selection foil the</i><br /> <i>post</i> <i>will</i> <i>be</i> <i>cancelled</i> <i>by</i> <i>the</i><br /> <i>Commission/Delhi Police.”</i><br /> 5. The respondent applied for the post of Constable (Driver)-Male<br /> pursuant to the said Notice. He qualified the Computer-Based<br /> Examination conducted on 21.10.2022, the Physical Efficiency<br /> Test/Physical Standard Test (hereinafter referred to as, ‘PET/PST’) on<br /> 27.04.2023, and the Trade Test held on 08.11.2023. It is the case of the<br /> respondent that at the stage of the Trade Test, his driving license was<br /> duly verified, and it was only thereafter that he appeared for and<br /> qualified the Medical Examination conducted on 15.12.2023 and<br /> 16.12.2023.<br /> 6. Pursuant thereto, the respondent was issued a Letter dated<br /> 29.01.2024, informing him that he had been provisionally selected for<br /> the post of Constable (Driver)-Male in Delhi Police. He was further<br /> informed that, prior to the issuance of an Offer of Appointment, he<br /> would be required to furnish his Resignation Letter and a No Objection<br /> Certificate. Accordingly, the respondent, who had been serving in the<br /> Central Industrial Security Force (‘CISF’) since 21.09.2019, tendered his<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 3 of 18</i><br /><br /> Technical Resignation from CISF Unit, DAE Kalpakkam, which was<br /> accepted <i> vide</i> Relieving Order dated 05.02.2024. Thereafter, an Offer of<br /> Appointment dated 19.02.2024 was issued to him, offering him<br /> provisional appointment to the post of Constable (Driver)-Male. The said<br /> letter dated 19.02.2024 also stipulated therein that the Offer of<br /> Appointment shall be treated as withdrawn if the candidate is found<br /> ineligible on document verification.<br /> 7. During document verification, it was noticed that the respondent<br /> was not possessing a valid license on the crucial date, that is, the last<br /> date for online applications, being 29.07.2022, as the respondent’s<br /> Heavy Motor Vehicle (hereinafter referred to as ‘HMV’) driving license<br /> had expired on 10.07.2022. In view of the essential eligibility conditions<br /> under the Recruitment Notice not being met by the respondent, the<br /> respondent was not permitted to join the post of Constable (Driver)-Male<br /> in Delhi Police.<br /> 8. It is the case of the respondent that, being posted in Tamil Nadu,<br /> he was unable to get his license renewed offline. He attempted to renew<br /> his license online on 12.07.2022, however failed due to a server error.<br /> Thereafter, he again applied for renewal on 15.07.2022, however, due to<br /> administrative delays, the renewed license was issued only on<br /> 05.08.2022, that is, after the closing date of the online applications.<br /> 9. The respondent submitted a representation dated 23.02.2024 to the<br /> petitioners, contending that since he had applied for renewal within thirty<br /> days of expiry of the license, the renewal would operate from the date of<br /> expiry and, therefore, he must be deemed to have possessed a valid<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 4 of 18</i><br /><br /> license on the crucial date. However, the respondent was still not<br /> permitted to join the said post.<br /> 10. Aggrieved thereby, the respondent approached the learned<br /> Tribunal by filing O.A. No. 890/2024, contending that by virtue of<br /> Section 15(1) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (hereinafter referred to as,<br /> the ‘Act’), read with Rule 6 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989,<br /> the renewal of his license would relate to the date of expiry, therefore,<br /> the license must be treated as continuous and valid on the crucial date.<br /> 11. The learned Tribunal, in the Impugned Order, agreed with the<br /> respondent’s submissions and allowed the said O.A., observing as under:<br /> <i>“</i> <b><i>11.</i></b> <i> It is not disputed that the applicant</i><br /> <i>possessed a valid driving license on the</i><br /> <i>crucial date of eligibility (08.07.2022), which</i><br /> <i>expired on 10.07.2022. It is also not disputed</i><br /> <i>that</i> <i>the</i> <i>applicant</i> <i>submitted</i> <i>his</i> <i>renewal</i><br /> <i>application on 15.07.2022, well within the</i><br /> <i>statutorily permissible period of thirty days as</i><br /> <i>prescribed under Section 15(1) of the Motor</i><br /> <i>Vehicles Act, 1988, which states:</i><br /> <i>“Any</i> <i>licensing</i> <i>authority</i> <i>may,</i> <i>on</i> <i>an</i><br /> <i>application made to it, renew a driving licence</i><br /> <i>issued under the provisions of this Act with</i><br /> <i>effect from the date of its expiry if the</i><br /> <i>application</i> <i>is</i> <i>made</i> <i>within</i> <i>thirty</i> <i>days</i><br /> <i>thereof.”</i><br /> <b><i>12.</i></b> <i> In light of the statutory provision, the</i><br /> <i>applicant’s</i> <i>license</i> <i>is</i> <i>deemed</i> <i>to</i> <i>have</i><br /> <i>remained valid without interruption, as the</i><br /> <i>application for renewal was made within the</i><br /> <i>prescribed grace period. Moreover, the license</i><br /> <i>was verified and accepted at two separate</i><br /> <i>stages during the selection process, and no</i><br /> <i>objection was raised by the respondents at any</i><br /> <i>of those stages.</i><br /> <b><i>13.</i></b> <i> In view of the above discussion, and</i><br /> <i>considering</i> <i>the</i> <i>beneficial</i> <i>and</i> <i>purposive</i><br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 5 of 18</i><br /><br /> <i>interpretation of the Motor Vehicles Act in</i><br /> <i>conjunction with the facts of the case, the</i><br /> <i>Original Application is allowed. The applicant</i><br /> <i>is declared to be in possession of a valid</i><br /> <i>driving licence. The Respondents are directed</i><br /> <i>to permit the applicant to join duty pursuant to</i><br /> <i>the Offer of Appointment dated 19.02.2024,</i><br /> <i>within a period of four weeks from the date of</i><br /> <i>receipt of a certified copy of this order. There</i><br /> <i>shall be no order as to costs</i> .”<br /> 12. Aggrieved thereby, the petitioners filed the present petition.<br /> <b><i>SUBMISSIONS ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONERS:</i></b><br /> 13. The learned counsel for the petitioners submitted that during<br /> document verification, it was noticed that the respondent’s HMV driving<br /> license had expired on 10.07.2022 and the renewal thereof was effected<br /> only after the closing date for submission of applications, that is,<br /> 29.07.2022. It was submitted that, therefore, the respondent did not<br /> possess a valid HMV license as on the closing date of receipt of online<br /> applications, which was an essential eligibility condition, as stipulated in<br /> Clause 6(c) of the recruitment Notice, therefore, he stood disqualified.<br /> 14. The learned counsel submitted that the respondent, being aware of<br /> the fact that his license was about to expire, ought to have applied for its<br /> renewal well in advance, to ensure that he obtains the renewed license<br /> before the crucial date.<br /> 15. It is further submitted that the Offer of Appointment issued to the<br /> respondent clearly stipulated that the same was purely provisional and<br /> subject to final checking of documents and biometric verification. In<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 6 of 18</i><br /><br /> furtherance, it is argued that no vested right accrued in favour of the<br /> respondent merely by the issuance of a provisional offer. The relevant<br /> clause of the Offer of Appointment reads as under:<br /> <i>“This</i> <i>offer</i> <i>of</i> <i>appointment</i> <i>is</i> <i>purely</i><br /> <i>provisional which is subject to final checking</i><br /> <i>of documents and biometric identification… In</i><br /> <i>case you fail to report at NPL for document</i><br /> <i>checking/biometric</i> <i>verification</i> <i>or</i> <i>found</i><br /> <i>ineligible for the post in any respect, this offer</i><br /> <i>of appointment will be treated as withdrawn.”</i><br /> 16. The learned counsel also contended that the eligibility conditions<br /> prescribed in a recruitment notification are sacrosanct and cannot be<br /> relaxed by judicial intervention. In support, reliance is placed upon the<br /> judgments of the Supreme Court in <b><i> Yogesh Kumar & Ors. v.</i></b><br /> <b><i>Government of NCT of Delhi & Ors.</i></b> <b>,</b> (2003) 3 SCC 548; <b><i> Bedanga</i></b><br /> <b><i>Talukdar v. Saifudaullah Khan & Ors.</i></b> <b>,</b> (2011) 12 SCC 85 and other<br /> decisions including <b><i> Vidushi Gupta v. Armed Forces Medical College &</i></b><br /> <b><i>Anr.</i></b> <b>,</b> W.P.(C) No. 4521/2012, and <b><i> Abhishek Khandelwal v. Union of</i></b><br /> <b><i>India & Anr.</i></b> (O.A. No. 1102/2022), and <b><i> Sh. Rajveer Singh Verma v.</i></b><br /> <b><i>Union Public Service Commission & Anr</i></b> <i>.</i> , O.A. No. 224/2014.<br /> 17. He further submitted that the learned Tribunal has erred in treating<br /> the respondent’s license as valid. The learned Tribunal has conferred an<br /> undue advantage upon the respondent, thereby prejudicing similarly<br /> placed candidates who may have refrained from applying due to non-<br /> possession of a valid HMV license as on the crucial date.<br /> 18. The learned counsel for the petitioners also relies upon a<br /> judgement of the Supreme Court in <b><i> Telangana State Level Police</i></b><br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 7 of 18</i><br /><br /> <b><i>Recruitment Board v. Penjarla Vijay Kumar and Ors.,</i></b> 2025 SCC<br /> OnLine SC 2915, wherein it was held that renewal of a license after its<br /> expiry does not relate back to the date of expiry.<br /> <b><i>SUBMISSIONS ON BEHALF OF THE RESPONDENT:</i></b><br /> 19. The learned counsel for the respondent submitted that the<br /> respondent is a meritorious candidate who has successfully qualified the<br /> Computer-Based Examination, PE&MT, Trade Test, and Medical<br /> Examination. It is submitted that once a candidate has cleared all the<br /> stages of selection and has been issued an Offer of Appointment, any<br /> adverse action affecting his appointment must withstand strict scrutiny<br /> on the touchstone of fairness and reasonableness. In furtherance, reliance<br /> is placed upon the principle of “legitimate expectation” to submit that the<br /> respondent had a legitimate expectation of appointment after having<br /> been declared successful and after issuance of the Offer of Appointment.<br /> 20. The learned counsel, in furtherance, places reliance on the<br /> decision of the Supreme Court in <b><i> Vashist Narayan Kumar v. State of</i></b><br /> <b><i>Bihar</i></b> , (2024) 11 SCC 785, to submit that once a candidate has<br /> successfully participated in the selection process and cleared all stages,<br /> his candidature cannot be cancelled for trivial, <i> bona fide</i> or technical<br /> lapses that do not go to the root of eligibility.<br /> 21. It is further submitted that as per Clause 11.16 of the SSC Notice,<br /> the driving license of candidates qualifying the PE&MT are to be<br /> verified, and only those whose license are found genuine are permitted to<br /> appear in the Trade Test. Accordingly, the respondent’s driving license<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 8 of 18</i><br /><br /> was verified during the course of the recruitment process, and he was<br /> permitted to participate in the Trade Test, with no objection raised at that<br /> stage. In furtherance, reliance is placed upon the judgment of the<br /> Supreme Court in <b><i> Dinesh Kumar Kashyap & Ors. v. South East Central</i></b><br /> <b><i>Railway & Ors.</i></b> <b>,</b> (2019) 12 SCC 798, wherein it was observed that<br /> though successful candidates do not acquire a vested right of<br /> appointment, the State must act in a non-arbitrary manner and must<br /> furnish justifiable reasons if it declines to fill the posts or denies<br /> appointment after selection.<br /> 22. The learned counsel further submitted that the respondent cannot<br /> be penalised for administrative delays on the part of the Regional<br /> Transport Office in issuing the renewed license. The renewal application<br /> was submitted well within the permissible period, that is, on 12.07.2022<br /> and again on 15.07.2022. She submitted that the delay in issuance of the<br /> renewed license up to 05.08.2022 was beyond the control of the<br /> respondent.<br /> 23. It is further submitted that the respondent’s case pertains to<br /> renewal of an existing driving license and not to the acquisition of a<br /> fresh license after the cut-off date. The respondent had applied for<br /> renewal of the license within the statutorily prescribed period, and the<br /> renewal was effected shortly thereafter. It is also contended that the<br /> respondent met the eligibility condition on the opening date for<br /> submission of applications, that is, 08.07.2022, with the license<br /> remaining valid till 10.07.2022. She submitted that the denial of<br /> appointment to the respondent in the present case amounts to a hyper-<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 9 of 18</i><br /><br /> technical interpretation of eligibility conditions, ignoring the beneficial<br /> provisions of the Act and the principles of fairness and reasonableness in<br /> public employment.<br /> <b><i>ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS:</i></b><br /> 24. We have heard the learned counsels for the parties and have<br /> perused the record.<br /> 25. The limited question involved in the present case is whether the<br /> respondent can be said to be possessing a valid HMV driving license on<br /> the relevant date of eligibility.<br /> 26. The recruitment Notice dated 08.07.2022 is very clear and fixes a<br /> definite cut-off date. Clause 6(c) thereof mandates possession of a “ <i>Valid</i><br /> <i>driving license for Heavy Motor Vehicles (as on closing date of receipt</i><br /> <i>of online application</i> )”. Clause 15.16 further stipulates that candidature<br /> would remain provisional and liable to cancellation if the candidate is<br /> found not to fulfil the prescribed eligibility conditions. The Offer of<br /> Appointment dated 19.02.2024 reiterates this position. Therefore, the<br /> claim of the respondent must stand scrutiny with reference to eligibility<br /> as on 29.07.2022.<br /> 27. It is an admitted position that the respondent’s HMV license<br /> expired on 10.07.2022. Though the respondent applied for renewal on<br /> 15.07.2022, the license was renewed only on 05.08.2022, that is, after<br /> the date of eligibility.<br /> 28. The learned Tribunal has proceeded on the premise that since the<br /> renewal application was made by the respondent within thirty days of the<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 10 of 18</i><br /><br /> expiry, the license must be deemed to have remained valid without<br /> interruption by virtue of Section 15(1) of the Act. The learned Tribunal<br /> has erred in placing reliance on the unamended provision, thereby<br /> committing a grave error.<br /> 29. The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019 (hereinafter referred<br /> to as, the ‘Amendment Act’), was made effective from 01.09.2019, and<br /> brought important changes, <i> inter alia</i> , to Section 15 of the Act, thereby<br /> materially altering the legal position of license renewal. The amended<br /> Section 15(1) provides that a license shall be renewed from the date of<br /> its renewal. The relevant provisions of the amended Section are<br /> reproduced hereinbelow:<br /> “ <b><i>Section 15 – Renewal of driving licences</i></b><br /> <i>(1)</i> <i>Any licensing authority may, on</i><br /> <i>application made to it, renew a driving licence</i><br /> <i>issued under the provisions of this Act with</i><br /> <i>effect from the date of its expiry:</i><br /> <b><i>Provided</i></b> <b><i>that</i></b> <b><i>in</i></b> <b><i>any</i></b> <b><i>case</i></b> <b><i>where</i></b> <b><i>the</i></b><br /> <b><i>application for the renewal of a licence is</i></b><br /> <b><i>made either one year prior to date of its</i></b><br /> <b><i>expiry or within one year after the date of its</i></b><br /> <b><i>expiry, the driving licence shall be renewed</i></b><br /> <b><i>with effect from the date of its renewal:</i></b><br /> <i>Provided further that where the application is</i><br /> <i>for the renewal of a licence to drive a</i><br /> <i>transport vehicle or where in any other case</i><br /> <i>the applicant has attained the age of forty</i><br /> <i>years, the same shall be accompanied by a</i><br /> <i>medical certificate in the same form and in the</i><br /> <i>same manner as is referred to in sub-section</i><br /> <i>(3) of section 8, and the provisions of sub-</i><br /> <i>section (4) of section 8 shall, so far as may be,</i><br /> <i>apply in relation to every such case as they</i><br /> <i>apply in relation to a learner's licence.”</i><br /> <i>m and in the same manner as is referred to in</i><br /> <i>sub-section (3) of section 8, and the provisions</i><br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 11 of 18</i><br /><br /> <i>of sub-section (4) of section 8 shall, so far as</i><br /> <i>may be, apply in relation to every such case as</i><br /> <i>they apply in relation to a learner's licence.”</i><br /> 30. A plain reading of the amended provisions makes it abundantly<br /> clear that the Legislature has consciously deleted the earlier statutory<br /> grace period of thirty days. Under the unamended regime, the license<br /> continued to remain effective for thirty days post-expiry and renewal<br /> within that period related back to the date of expiry. However, after the<br /> Amendment Act was enforced, this legal position no longer survives.<br /> The proviso to Section 14 of the pre-amendment Act, granting an<br /> automatic extension to license for a period of thirty days, also stands<br /> omitted by the Amendment Act.<br /> 31. This precise issue has also been examined by the Supreme Court<br /> in <b><i> Penjarla Vijay Kumar</i></b> (supra), wherein, after analyzing the pre and<br /> post-amendment schemes of Sections 14 and 15, it was held that the<br /> omission of the proviso providing for a 30-day grace period is deliberate<br /> and that, post-amendment, there is no automatic continuation of the<br /> license beyond the date of expiry. The Supreme Court emphasized that<br /> the legislative change cannot be treated as cosmetic and must be given<br /> full effect. It was further observed that the Act, after the amendment,<br /> stipulates that from the very next day of expiry of the license, the holder<br /> is legally incompetent to drive, unless renewal of the license is effected.<br /> It was further stipulated that renewal of a license would operate from the<br /> date of renewal. The relevant extracts from the judgement are<br /> reproduced hereinbelow:<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 12 of 18</i><br /><br /> <i>“27. The relevant change brought about in</i><br /> <i>Section 14 of 1988 Act by the Amendment Act,</i><br /> <i>2019 is that the proviso (highlighted supra)</i><br /> <i>has been omitted by the amendment. In Section</i><br /> <i>15 of the 1988 Act, by the Amendment Act,</i><br /> <i>2019, the first proviso to sub-section (1) has</i><br /> <i>been modified. Earlier, in the first proviso to</i><br /> <i>sub-section (1) of Section 15, after the words,</i><br /> <i>‘licence is made’, the words ‘more than 30</i><br /> <i>days after the date of its expiry’ occurred,</i><br /> <i>which now has been changed to ‘either one</i><br /> <i>year prior to the date of its expiry or within</i><br /> <i>one year after the date of its expiry.’ Another</i><br /> <i>change effected is that in sub-section (3) of</i><br /> <i>Section 15 of the 1988 Act, in place of the</i><br /> <i>words ‘thirty days’, ‘one year’ has been</i><br /> <i>substituted.</i><br /> <b><i>28.</i></b> <i> The last proviso to Section 14 of the 1988</i><br /> <i>Act which read ‘Provided that every driving</i><br /> <i>licence shall, notwithstanding its expiry under</i><br /> <i>this sub-section, continue to be effective for a</i><br /> <i>period of 30 days from such expiry’ stood</i><br /> <i>omitted by the Amendment Act, 2019.</i><br /> <b><i>29.</i></b> <i> Thus, going by the plain words of the</i><br /> <i>statute, as is the first rule of interpretation, it</i><br /> <i>would mean that Section 14 of the 1988 Act, as</i><br /> <i>it stands today, does not provide for the</i><br /> <i>licence to continue after its expiry even for a</i><br /> <i>single day; however, before the Amendment</i><br /> <i>Act, 2019, the then-existing proviso made the</i><br /> <i>date extendable automatically by a further</i><br /> <i>period of 30 days from the date of its expiry.</i><br /> <b><i>30.</i></b> <i> Moving on, Section 15 of the 1988 Act only</i><br /> <i>extends the period by which an expired licence</i><br /> <i>would be renewed, meaning thereby, that the</i><br /> <i>same licence would continue, but is silent</i><br /> <i>about what happens during the interregnum</i><br /> <i>i.e., after expiry but before renewal. The 1988</i><br /> <i>Act, as it stands now, the first proviso to sub-</i><br /> <i>section (1) of Section 15, gives a window to a</i><br /> <i>person for renewal of his existing licence,</i><br /> <i>which starts one year prior to the date of the</i><br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 13 of 18</i><br /><br /> <i>expiry of the licence and continues for one</i><br /> <i>year</i> <i>post-expiry.</i> <i>Earlier,</i> <i>before</i> <i>the</i><br /> <i>Amendment Act, 2019, this period used to be</i><br /> <i>only within 30 days of the date of expiry.</i><br /> <i>Moreover, the stipulation in the said proviso</i><br /> <i>requiring the licence to be renewed with effect</i><br /> <i>from</i> <i>the</i> <i>date</i> <i>of</i> <i>its</i> <i>renewal</i> <i>remains</i><br /> <i>unchanged. The changes made in sub-sections</i><br /> <i>(3) and (4) of Section 15 of the 1988 Act relate</i><br /> <i>only to the fee payable for renewal, which</i><br /> <i>have no bearing on the present cases.</i><br /> <b><i>31. When Sections 14 and 15 of the 1988 Act</i></b><br /> <b><i>are harmoniously construed, keeping in mind</i></b><br /> <b><i>the</i></b> <b><i>principles</i></b> <b><i>restated</i></b> <b><i>in A</i></b> <b><i>Raja v. D</i></b><br /> <b><i>Kumar, 2025 SCC OnLine SC 1033, it is</i></b><br /> <b><i>clear, to our minds, that a licence no more</i></b><br /> <b><i>automatically extends beyond the period of its</i></b><br /> <b><i>expiry, as was provided for in the unamended</i></b><br /> <b><i>last proviso to Section 14 of the 1988 Act.</i></b><br /> <b><i>This deliberate omission by the Legislature</i></b><br /> <b><i>cannot</i></b> <b><i>be</i></b> <b><i>labelled</i></b> <b><i>cosmetic.</i></b> <b><i>In</i></b> <b><i>this</i></b><br /> <b><i>regard, State of Uttar Pradesh v. Malik Zarid</i></b><br /> <b><i>Khalid, (1988) 1 SCC 145 is instructive…</i></b><br /> <b><i>XXX</i></b><br /> <b><i>32. Hypothetically, a case may arise where a</i></b><br /> <b><i>person renews his licence regularly, such that</i></b><br /> <b><i>he may have a licence for many years in</i></b><br /> <b><i>continuity inasmuch as the initial licence</i></b><br /> <b><i>granted to him gets renewed from time to</i></b><br /> <b><i>time, before the existing licence expires. This</i></b><br /> <b><i>could operate in a cycle, where the said</i></b><br /> <b><i>person keeps renewing the licence before</i></b><br /> <b><i>expiry. Such person would come within the</i></b><br /> <b><i>scope of eligibility as prescribed in the</i></b><br /> <b><i>Notifications. However, after the Amendment</i></b><br /> <b><i>Act, 2019, as per the 1988 Act, from the very</i></b><br /> <b><i>next day after the date of expiry, without</i></b><br /> <b><i>renewal,</i></b> <b><i>the</i></b> <b><i>person</i></b> <b><i>holding</i></b> <b><i>an</i></b> <b><i>expired</i></b><br /> <b><i>licence is incompetent to drive the vehicles he</i></b><br /> <b><i>had such licence for, meaning thereby, that</i></b><br /> <b><i>there is a legal disability for driving. Coming</i></b><br /> <b><i>back to the present case, the Notifications are</i></b><br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 14 of 18</i><br /><br /> <b><i>for recruitment to the posts of Driver. It</i></b><br /> <b><i>cannot be lost sight of or denied that driving</i></b><br /> <b><i>is not merely a qualification on paper but</i></b><br /> <b><i>also involves hands-on experience coupled</i></b><br /> <b><i>with regular practice. A lack of practice may</i></b><br /> <b><i>hinder a person's capability of being able to</i></b><br /> <b><i>drive a vehicle, especially if the vehicle is to</i></b><br /> <b><i>be used</i></b> <b><i>for</i></b> <b><i>police purposes</i></b> <b><i>and/or</i></b> <b><i>for</i></b><br /> <b><i>disaster response/recovery, as is the case</i></b><br /> <b><i>herein. Thus, on an overall consideration, the</i></b><br /> <b><i>requirement/condition that for the last two</i></b><br /> <b><i>years continuously preceding the date(s) of</i></b><br /> <b><i>the</i></b> <b><i>Notifications,</i></b> <b><i>the</i></b> <b><i>candidates</i></b> <b><i>should</i></b><br /> <b><i>possess driving licences cannot be termed</i></b><br /> <b><i>unreasonable. The matter can be looked at</i></b><br /> <b><i>from</i></b> <b><i>another</i></b> <b><i>lens.</i></b> <b><i>Licences,</i></b> <b><i>under</i></b> <b><i>the</i></b><br /> <b><i>unamended provision, were issued for not</i></b><br /> <b><i>less than 3 years at the first instance and/or</i></b><br /> <b><i>on renewal until the time a person attained</i></b><br /> <b><i>the age of 50 years. Thus, once a licence was</i></b><br /> <b><i>issued for a minimum of 3 years, if the</i></b><br /> <b><i>intention of the Appellant was that a person</i></b><br /> <b><i>should merely possess a licence for the last</i></b><br /> <b><i>two</i></b> <b><i>years,</i></b> <b><i>the</i></b> <b><i>usage</i></b> <b><i>of</i></b> <b><i>the</i></b> <b><i>term</i></b><br /> <b><i>‘continuously’</i></b> <b><i>was</i></b> <b><i>redundant</i></b> <b><i>in</i></b> <b><i>the</i></b><br /> <b><i>Notifications. As such, we would have to</i></b><br /> <b><i>afford due weightage to the same in context</i></b><br /> <b><i>of the Notifications at hand.</i></b><br /> <b><i>33. The Act as it stands now clearly stipulates</i></b><br /> <b><i>that from the date of expiry of licence, its</i></b><br /> <b><i>holder is barred under law from driving. The</i></b><br /> <b><i>theory that once a licence is renewed, even</i></b><br /> <b><i>after a gap, the renewal would operate from a</i></b><br /> <b><i>back date implying that the licence was</i></b><br /> <b><i>continuing and valid even for and during the</i></b><br /> <b><i>interregnum cannot be countenanced. For</i></b><br /> <b><i>instance, even if the licence is continuously</i></b><br /> <b><i>valid for more than two years preceding the</i></b><br /> <b><i>date of Notifications, there can be a situation</i></b><br /> <b><i>where the holder of the licence may be</i></b><br /> <b><i>inflicted</i></b> <b><i>with</i></b> <b><i>debarment/suspension</i></b> <b><i>of</i></b><br /> <b><i>licence, in the context of Sections 19 to 23 of</i></b><br /> <b><i>1988 Act, for a period of time.</i></b> <i> Stricto sensu,</i><br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 15 of 18</i><br /><br /> <i>the same licence, once such period of time</i><br /> <i>elapses,</i> <i>would</i> <i>be valid</i> <i>but</i> <i>as</i> <i>per</i> <i>the</i><br /> <i>Notifications,</i> <i>the</i> <i>said</i> <i>person</i> <i>would</i> <i>be</i><br /> <i>ineligible to even apply for the posts of driver,</i><br /> <i>if such debarment/suspension was within two</i><br /> <i>years from the date(s) of the Notifications.</i><br /> <i>Thus, we have no doubt in mind that for the</i><br /> <i>term ‘continuously’ for the previous two years</i><br /> <i>has</i> <i>to</i> <i>be</i> <i>given</i> <i>a</i> <i>straight-forward</i><br /> <i>interpretation</i> <i>as</i> <i>per</i> <i>the literal</i> <i>meaning</i><br /> <i>showing the actual legal and uninterrupted</i><br /> <i>capacity of the person concerned for driving</i><br /> <i>for at least two years continuously prior to the</i><br /> <i>date(s) of the Notifications. We need not look</i><br /> <i>too far or delve too deep for the meaning of</i><br /> <i>the term ‘continuously’, as for the purposes of</i><br /> <i>the present adjudication, it would suffice to</i><br /> <i>refer</i> <i>to Black's</i> <i>Law</i> <i>Dictionary,</i> <i>Revised</i><br /> <i>th</i><br /> <i>4</i> <i> </i> <i>Edition, 1968 at Page 393, which defines</i><br /> <i>the said term as ‘Uninterruptedly; in unbroken</i><br /> <i>sequence; without intermission or cessation;</i><br /> <i>without intervening time; with continuity or</i><br /> <i>continuation’.”</i><br /> <b><i>(Emphasis Supplied)</i></b><br /> 32. Applying the aforesaid legal position to the present case, it is<br /> evident that from 11.07.2022 till 05.08.2022, the respondent did not<br /> possess a valid and effective HMV license. On the crucial date, that is,<br /> 29.07.2022, his license had not been renewed. The statutory scheme does<br /> not permit this Court to consider the renewal retrospectively and validate<br /> the period of expiry, so as to cure the respondent’s ineligibility.<br /> Therefore, we are of the view that on the date of eligibility, the<br /> respondent did not fulfil the eligibility conditions as provided under the<br /> Notice dated 08.07.2022.<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 16 of 18</i><br /><br /> 33. We also do not find merit in the submission of the respondent that<br /> as he had applied for renewal, the administrative delays should not<br /> prejudice him. It is well settled that eligibility conditions as on the cut-<br /> off date are sacrosanct and cannot be diluted on equitable considerations.<br /> To hold otherwise would amount to rewriting the recruitment Notice.<br /> 34. The respondent’s contention based on legitimate expectation is<br /> equally untenable. The Offer of Appointment issued to the respondent<br /> was expressly provisional and subject to verification of documents. No<br /> vested right accrued merely because the respondent cleared successive<br /> stages of the selection process. Respondent’s participation in the process<br /> does not cure the foundational ineligibility existing on the crucial date.<br /> The respondent’s submission that the license was verified at earlier<br /> stages of the recruitment process is also misconceived. Verification at an<br /> intermediate stage does not estop the petitioners from enforcing<br /> eligibility conditions at the stage of final scrutiny. Clause 15.16 of the<br /> Notice preserves the respondents’ authority to cancel candidature even<br /> after issuance of an offer if ineligibility is detected.<br /> 35. In view of the above, we are of the opinion that the learned<br /> Tribunal erred in importing a “beneficial and purposive interpretation” to<br /> the Act when the statutory amendment leaves no room for such<br /> elasticity. The renewal of the respondent’s license on 05.08.2022 cannot<br /> relate back to validate its position as on the date of eligibility.<br /> Consequently, the respondent did not fulfil the essential qualification as<br /> on the closing date of the application and was not eligible for the post of<br /> Constable (Driver)-Male.<br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 17 of 18</i><br /><br /> 36. For the aforesaid reasons, this Court holds that the Impugned<br /> Order dated 29.04.2025 passed by the learned Tribunal cannot be<br /> sustained and is, accordingly, set aside.<br /> 37. The writ petition filed by the petitioners is allowed. The pending<br /> application stands disposed of.<br /> 38. There shall be no order as to costs.<br /> <b>MADHU JAIN, J.</b><br /> <b>NAVIN CHAWLA, J.</b><br /> <b>MARCH 25, 2026/</b> <b><i>P</i></b><br /> Signature Not Verified<br /> Signed By:RENUKA<br /> NEGI<br /> Signing Date:25.03.2026<br /> 19:05:53<br /> <i>W.P.(C) 17015/2025</i> <i>Page 18 of 18</i></div>