SURENDRA SINGH CHARAN SON OF SHRI NARYAN SINGH vs NANCHILAL ALIAS NANCHU SON OF LATE SHRI HEMARAM ALAS HEMA
- Court
- Rajasthan High Court
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN
BENCH AT JAIPUR
S.B. Civil First Appeal No. 53/2022
CNR: RJHC020058952022 | URN: CFA / 112U / 2022
Surendra Singh Charan Son of Shri Naryan Singh, Aged About 41
Years, Resident of Plot No. 69, Karni Vivek Vihar, Colony, Gandhi
Path, Prathivi Raj Nagar, Jaipur.
----Appellant
Versus
1. Nanchi Lal Alias Nanchu Son of Late Shri Hemaram Alias
Hema, Aged About 52 Years, Resident of Gram Tantiawas,
Tehsil Amer, District Jaipur.
2. Panchiu Wife of Late Shri Jawahara Alias Jawahar, Aged
About 74 Years, Resident of Gram Tantiawas, Tehsil Amer,
District Jaipur.
3. Tofan Son of Late Shri Jawahara Alias Jawahar, Aged
About 47 Years, Resident of Gram Tantiawas, Tehsil Amer,
District Jaipur.(Since Deceased) Through His Legal Heirs-
3/1 Mota Devi, W/o Late Tofan
3/2 Banwari Kumawat, S/o Late Tofan
3/3 Ramkishore Kumawat S/o Late Tofan,
Respondent No. 3/1 To 3/3 are R/o Kukadwal Kumawato
Ki Dhani, Near Badh Meena Ki Dhani, Village Tantiawas,
Tehsil Rampura Dabari, District Jaipur.
3/4 Santosh W/o Manish Kumawat, D/o Late Tofan
3/5 Kamla W/o Mukesh Kumwat, D/o Late Tofan
Respondent No. 3/4 And 3/5 Are R/op Behind Old
Khatushyam Ji Mandir, Ward No. 29, Rengus District Sikar.
3/6 Karishma Devi, W/o Dinesh Kumawat D/o Late Tofan
3/7 Kiran Devi W/o Rakesh Kumawat D/o Late Tofan,
Respondent No. 3/6 And 3/7 Are R/o Bas Ka Tiba, Baba
Wali Dhani, Village Niwana, Tehsil Chomu, District Jaipur.
4. Boduram Son of Shri Jawahara Alias Jawahar, Aged About
42 Years, Resident of Gram Tantiawas, Tehsil Amer,
District Jaipur.
5. Gopi Alias Gopiram Son of Shri Jawahara Alias Jawahar,
Aged About 40 Years, Resident of Gram Tantiawas, Tehsil
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
Amer, District Jaipur.
6. Gyarshilal Son of Shri Jawahara Alias Jawahar, Aged
About 29 Years, Resident of Gram Tantiawas, Tehsil Amer,
District Jaipur.
----Respondents
For Appellant(s) : Mr. SJ Gupta, Sr. Adv. assisted by
Ms. Surabhi Agarwal,
Mr. Anil Kumar Sharma
Mr. Manjeet Sharma
For Respondent(s) : Mr. JR Choudhary with
Mr. MI Abbasi,
Mr. Dinesh
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE CHANDRA PRAKASH SHRIMALI
Judgment
REPORTABLE
1.
Arguments Concluded On: 17.09.2026
2.
Judgment Reserved On: 17.09.2026
3. Full Judgment/Operative Part Pronounced : Full Judgment
4. Pronounced On: 27.10.2026
1- vihykFkhZ@oknh dh vksj ls ;g nhokuh izFke vihy fo}ku vij
ftyk ,oa ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] Øe 02] t;iqj egkuxj f}rh; }kjk okn
la[;k 119@2020 ¼159@2014½] lqjsUnz flag pkj.k cuke ukuNhyky mQZ
uUNw] esa ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 23-10-2021 ls O;fFkr
gksdj izLrqr dh xbZ gS] ftlds }kjk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us
vihykFkhZ@oknh dk okn ckcr fof'k"B vuqikyuk o LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk dk
[kkfjt fd;k gS o bdjkjukek o iwjd bdjkjukek ds le; tks jkf'k
izfroknh la[;k 1] 3 o 4 us izkIr dh Fkh] og /kujkf'k vihykFkhZ@oknh
izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh gksuk ekuk gSA ¼bl fu.kZ; esa vihykFkhZ@oknh
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
dks vkxs oknh rFkk izR;[email protected] dks ^izfroknhx.k* ds uke ls
lEcksf/kr fd;k tk,xkA½
2- oknh us fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k okni= ds iSjk la[;k 1
o 2 esa of.kZr dqy 7-71 ch?kk Hkwfe dks izfroknhx.k ls fnukad 14-08-2012
dks foØ; bdjkjukek ds vk/kkj ij 43]00]000@& #i;s izfr ch?kk dh
nj ls Ø; fd;k tkuk vkSj vfxze isVs 31]00]000@& #i;s vkSj iwjd
bdjkjukek fnukad 13-09-2012 ds }kjk izfroknhx.k dks
1]00]00]000@&#i;s fn;k tkuk crk;k gSA oknh dk okni= esa ;g dFku
gS fd bdjkukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh ikyuk esa rhu ekg ds vanj
foØ; izfrQy dh 'ks"k laiw.kZ jkf'k izfroknhx.k dks vnk djus ds fy,
rS;kj o rRij Fkk] ysfdu izfroknhx.k us foØ; Hkwfe dk lhekadu o
ukitks[k 'ks"k gksuk crkdj vkSj mlh vuqlkj foØ; izfrQy jkf'k izkIr
djus dks dgkA ln~Hkkoh fo'okl ds dkj.k ls oknxzLr Hkwfe dk 'ks"k
izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha dh tk ldh vkSj mlh mn~ns'; ls izfroknhx.k
us fnukad 17-09-2012 dks fofØr Hkwfe esa ls [kljk la- 680 o 684 dh
Hkwfe dk laiw.kZ dCtk oknh dks ns fn;k vkSj tc dk'r djus x;k rks
izfroknhx.k us mDr Hkwfe ij tokgjk mQZ tokgj ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k dh
vksj ls U;k;ky; ls LFkxu ykus vkSj izfroknhx.k }kjk lgk;d dysDVj
vkesj eq[;ky; t;iqj esa mDr Hkwfe dk rdklek ¼foHkktu½ gsrq nkok
djus o o"kZ 2009 ls mDr nkos dk yafcr gksuk crk;k gSA bl rF; dks
Nqikdj izfroknhx.k us oknxzLr Hkwfe dks fooknjfgr gksuk crkdj
bdjkjukek o iwjd bdjkjukek fu"ikfnr djk;kA bl ij izfroknhx.k us
dgk oknh fpark ugha djsa vkSj muds }kjk jktLo fookn fuLrkfjr djok
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
fy;k tk,xkA Hkwfe dh ukitks[k djuh gS] mls okLrfod :i ls Hkwfe dh
fLFkfr vkus ij foØ;&i= dh jkf'k dh xq.kkad djus esa vklkuh gksxhA
oknh foØ; izfrQy dh laiw.kZ jkf'k dks vnk djus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij
Fkk] bl laca/k esa fnukad 08-11-2012 dks izfroknhx.k dks uksfVl fn;k
x;kA mlds ckn fnukad 05-12-2012 dks iqu% oknh us rn~uq:i izfroknh
dks uksfVl fn;k] tks mUgksaus ysus ls mUgksaus badkj dj fn;kA izfroknhx.k
us fnukad 06-12-2012 dks nSfud HkkLdj lekpkj i= esa lwpuk izdkf'kr
djds bdjkjukek fujLr djok fn;k] ftldk [kaMu oknh us fnukad
08-12-2012 dks nSfud HkkLdj lekpkj i= esa djok;kA izfroknhx.k us
oknxzLr Hkwfe ij LFkxu gksus dk rF; Nqikdj bdjkjukek esa Hkwfe dks
fooknjfgr crkdj] Hkwfe dh ukitks[k ugha djokrs gq, oknxzLr laifRr
dks /kks[kk/kM+h djds oknh dks csp fn;kA oknh bdjkjukek fnukad
14-08-2012 dh ikyuk esa 'ks"k cdk;k izfrQy jkf'k ysdj foØ; i=
jftLVMZ djkus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij Fkk] ysfdu izfroknhx.k }kjk
ckj&ckj VkyeVksy o cgkusckth djus ds dkj.k ls oknxzLr Hkwfe dh
jftLVªh ugha djokbZ] ftl ij oknh us fnukad 02-01-2013 dks
izfroknhx.k ds fo#) iqfyl Fkkuk gjekM+k esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k
3@2013 varxZr /kkjk 418] 420] 406] 120ch Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ntZ
djkbZ] ftlesa /kkjk 482 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp
U;k;ky; esa yafcr ;kfpdk esa izfroknhx.k us oknh dks mDr Hkwfe cspku
djus vkSj 1]31]00]000@& #i;s izkIr djus dk bdjkjukek o iwjd
bdjkjukek fu"ikfnr fd, tkus dh Lohd`fr nh vkSj mDr ;kfpdk dks
ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us [kkfjt dj fn;kA iqfyl us
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
izfroknhx.k ds fo#) lacaf/kr vkjksi izekf.kr ikdj vkjksi i= lacaf/kr
U;k;ky; esa izLrqr fd;kA bdjkjukek dh ikyuk esa izfroknh la[;k 05
xksihjke mQZ xksih us viuh iRuh Jherh lquhy nsoh ds ek/;e ls viuh
Hkwfe foØ; i= oknh dh iRuh lTtu ds uke jftLVMZ djokdj dCtk
lqiqnZ dj fn;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa oknh] izfroknh la[;k 5 xksihjke mQZ
xksih ds fo#) dksbZ vuqrks"k ugha pkgrk gSA xksihjke mQZ xksih ds fgLls
dks NksM+dj okni= ds iSjk la[;k 2 esa 'ks"k jgh Hkwfe ds laca/k esa oknh us
Lo;a vuqrks"k pkgk x;kA okni= esa vafdr vuqrks"k ds lkFk oknh dk nkok
fMØh fd;k tkosA
3- izdj.k esa izfroknh la[;k 1] 3 o 4 o izfroknh la[;k 2 o 6 us
fnukad 03-03-2015 o izfroknh la[;k 5 us fnukad 12-12-2015 dks fyf[kr
dFku izLrqr fd;kA
4- i{kdkjku ds vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij fo}ku~ fopkj.k U;k;ky; us
fuEu fook|d fojfpr fd, %&
Þ1- vk;k oknh okni= esa of.kZr izfroknhx.k la[;k 1
yxk;r 4 ,oa 6 ls Ø;'kqnk Hkwfe ckcr foØ;
bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh vuqikyuk djokdj
eqrkfcd bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 esa of.kZr Hkwfe
dk foØ; i= çfroknhx.k la 1 yxk;r 4 ,oa 6 ls
rgjhj rdehy fu"ikfnr djok dj vius gd esa
iathc) djokus dk oS/k vfèkdkjh gS\ fodYi esa oknh]
çfroknhx.k la- 1 yxk;r 4 o 6 }kjk mä Hkwfe dk
foØ; i= oknh ds gd esa rgjhj o rdehy fu"ikfnr
dj iathc) djok;s tkus ij oknh U;k;ky; esa cdk;k
foØ; çfrQy jkf'k tek dj foØ; bdjkjukek fnukad
14-08-12 dh ikyuk esa foØ;'kqnk Hkwfe dk fod; i=
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
tfj;s U;k;ky; vius gd esa rgjhj&rdehy djok dj
iathc) djokus dk oSèk vfèkdkjh gS \
2- vk;k çfroknhx.k la- 1 yxk;r 4 o 6 okni= esa
of.kZr foØ;'kqnk Hkwfe dk cspku] gLrkUrj.k] jgu] c;
vukfèk—r rkSj ls nhxj O;fä] laLFkk lkslk;Vh vkfn dks
djds oknh dh [kjhn'kqnk Hkwfe ds dCts esa fo?u ckèkk
mRiUu djus ij vkeknk gS] ftlds fo#) oknh LFkkbZ
fu"ksèkkKk çkIr djus dk oSèk vfèkdkjh gS \
3- vk;k oknh }kjk fookfnr bdjkjukek fnukad
14-08-12 dh ikyuk esa foØ; bdjkjukek vofèk 3 ekg
esa çfroknhx.k dks 'ks"k foØ; jkf'k vnk ugha djus ,oa
çfroknhx.k la- 2 o 6 dks bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-12
dh ikyuk esa foØ; jkf'k vnk ugha djus ls okn dkj.k
mRiUu gh ugha gqvk gSA
4- vk;k okn] oknh izfroknhx.k dks foØ;'kqnk Hkwfe
dh izfrQy jkf'k 3]22]50]000@& #i;s vUnj fe;kn
bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-12 vnk ugha djus ij
fujLruh; gS\
5- vk;k okn] oknh i;kZIr U;k;'kqYd ij izLrqr ugha
gksus ls fujLruh; gS\
6- vuqrks"k\ß
5- oknh us ihMCY;w 1 ls ihMCY;w 3 rd vkSj nLrkosth lk{; esa
izn'kZ&1 ls 34 rd nLrkost iznf'kZr djok, rFkk izfroknhx.k dh vksj
ls 3 lk{; ijhf{kr djok,A
6- fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us i{kdkjku dks lqudj fnukad
23-10-2021 dks fu.kZ; ikfjr dj fook|d la[;k 1 o 2 oknh ds fo#)]
fook|d la[;k 3 o 4 izfroknhx.k ds i{k esa] fook|d la[;k 5 izfroknh
la[;k 2 o 6 ds fo#) fu.khZr fd;kA fook|d la[;k 1 ls 4 esa tks oknh
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ds fo#) fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fuf.kZr fd;k gS] mlls O;fFkr
gksdj oknh dh vksj ls izFke vihy izLrqr dh xbZ gSA izfroknhx.k dh
vksj ls ØkWl vihy ;k ØkWl vkWCtsD'ku izLrqr ugha dh xbZ gSA
7- vihy ij mHk; i{kksa dks lquk x;k ,oa i=koyh dk voyksdu
fd;kA
8- oknh ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk cgl ds nkSjku ;g dFku jgk gS fd
nksuksa i{kksa esa ;g Lohd`r fLFkfr gS fd fnukad 14-08-2012 dks oknxzLr
laifRr ds foØ; ds laca/k esa bdjkjukek oknh o izfroknhx.k ds e/;
fu"ikfnr fd;k x;k FkkA mldh vuqikyuk fnukad 13-09-2012 dks iwjd
bdjkjukek fu"ikfnr fd;k x;k FkkA i{kdkjku ds vfHkopuksa o izLrqr
nLrkostksa ls ;g Lohd`r fLFkfr gS fd izfroknhx.k }kjk oknxzLr laifRr
ds foØ; djus dk bdjkj djds 31]00]000@& #i;s vfxze vkSj
rRi'pkr~ 1]00]00]000@&#i;s iwjd bdjkjukek ds vuq:i] dqy
1]31]00]000@&#i;s izkIr dj fy, x,A bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012
dh ikyuk esa 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k rhu ekg esa vnk fd;k tkuk bdjkjukek
esa fy[kk x;k Fkk vkSj oknh bdjkjukek dh ikyuk esa laiw.kZ izfrQy jkf'k
izfroknhx.k dks vnk djus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij Fkk] ysfdu izfroknhx.k
us Hkwfe dh ukitks[k fd, tkus esa le; yxus] oknxzLr Hkwfe ds laca/k esa
izfroknhx.k us oknxzLr Hkwfe ds foHkktu dk okn jktLo U;k;ky; esa
yafcr gksus o jftLVMZ foØ; i= fu"ikfnr djus ds laca/k esa jktLo
U;k;ky; dk LFkxu vkns'k gksus dk dgdj oknxzLr Hkwfe dk iathd`r
foØ;&i= fu"ikfnr ugha djok;k] tcfd oknh 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k
izfroknhx.k dks vnk djds oknxzLr Hkwfe dh jftLVªh vius i{k esa
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djokus ds rS;kj o rRij Fkk vkSj tc izfroknhx.k dh vksj ls 'ks"k
izfrQy dh jkf'k izkIr djus esa vkukdkuh dh rks fnukad 08-11-2012 dks
oknh us 'ks"k foØ; izfrQy jkf'k izkIr dj foØ; i= iath;u djkus dk
izfroknhx.k dks uksfVl fn;k rFkk iqu% uksfVl fnukad 05-12-2012 dks
fHktok;k] ftlls izfroknhx.k us ysus ls badkj dj fn;k vkSj izfroknhx.k
us nSfud HkkLdj lekpkj i= esa lwpuk izdkf'kr djds oknh ij ;g
vkjksi yxk;k fd fu;r vof/k esa 'ks"k jkf'k dk Hkqxrku ugha djus ds
dkj.k ls bdjkjukek fujLr dj fn;k x;k gSA bl izdkj oknh us fnukad
08-12-2012 dks nSfud lekpkj i= nSfud HkkLdj esa bl lwpuk dk [kaMu
djok;k vkSj ;g dgk fd foØ; izfrQy dh cM+h jkf'k dk Hkqxrku fd,
tkus vkSj ,d fgLlk [kljk la[;k 680 o 684 dk dCtk izkIr fd, tkus
ds i'pkr~ o 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk djus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij gSA
izfroknhx.k ds }kjk foØ; dh xbZ jkf'k dks ikdj jftLVªh ls badkj dj
/kks[kk/kM+h djus ds dkj.k ls oknh us fnukad 02-01-2013 dks iqfyl Fkkuk
gjekM+k esa izfroknhx.k ds fo#) izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djokbZ] ftlesa
iqfyl us vuqla/kku dj izfroknhx.k ds fo#) vkjksfir vijk/k lansg ls
ijs lkfcr gksuk ekuk rks izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ dh dk;Zokgh dks fujLr
djus ds fy, izfroknhx.k us /kkjk 482 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds
rgr ,d ;kfpdk la[;k 205@2013 ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; esa
izLrqr dh] ftlesa mlus oknh ls 1]31]00]000@& #i;s izkIr fd;k tkuk
Lohdkj fd;kA oknh ds }kjk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djus ds dkj.k ls
izfroknh la[;k 5 xksih mQZ xksihjke us oknxzLr Hkwfe esa vius fgLls dk
oknh dh iRuh lTtu ds uke iathd`r djkdj dCtk lqiqnZ dj
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fn;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa oknxzLr Hkwfe dk iqjkuk [kljk la[;k 124 ubZ 143
esa 1@24] [kkrk la[;k iqjkuk 105 ubZ 123 esa fgLlk 1@40 ,oa [kkrk
la[;k iqjkuk 105 ubZ 124 esa fgLlk 1@40 ij fookn lekIr gks pqdk
gSA ;fn oknh oknxzLr laifRr dk 'ks"k foØ; izfrQy jkf'k izkIr djus
dk bPNqd ugha gksrk rks og 40 izfr'kr ls vf/kd foØ; izfrQy jkf'k
1]31]00]000@& #i;s izfroknhx.k dks D;ksa nsrkA ;fn oknh 'ks"k foØ;
izfrQy jkf'k vnk djus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij ugha gksrk rks izfroknhx.k
dks iathd`r uksfVl oknh dks nsuk pkfg, FkkA ;fn oknh] izfroknhx.k ds
fo#) 'ks"k foØ; izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha djrk rks ;g ekuk tkrk fd
oknh 'ks"k Lohd`r izfrQy jkf'k vnk djus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij ugha
Fkk] ysfdu izfroknhx.k }kjk oknxzLr Hkwfe ds laca/k esa oknh }kjk nh xbZ
1]31]00]000@& #i;s gM+ius ds mn~ns'; ls oknxzLr Hkwfe dk foØ; ugha
dj izfroknhx.k us lh/ks gh nSfud lekpkj i= esa fnukad 06-12-2012 dks
lekpkj i= izdkf'kr djokdj bdjkjukek fujLr dj fn;k] ftldk
tokc nSfud lekpkj i= nSfud HkkLdj esa [kaMu dj oknh us izdkf'kr
fd;k rFkk jftLVMZ uksfVl izfroknhx.k dks HkstkA ;fn oknxzLr Hkwfe dk
'ks"k foØ; izfrQy jkf'k nsus dk vk'k; oknh dk ugha gksrk rks lekpkj
i= esa izdkf'kr djds o izfroknhx.k dks uksfVl Hkstdj] og D;ksa
vko';d dk;Zokgh djrkA bdjkjukek esa vafdr le; lhek lafonk dk
lkj gS ;k ugha] ;s leLr rF;] izdj.k ds rF;ksa o ifjfLFkfr;ksa]
i{kdkjku ds vkpj.k dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, fu/kkZfjr dh tkrh gSA bl
izdj.k esa izfroknhx.k dk vkpj.k oknxzLr laifRr dh jftLVªh djokus
dk ugha Fkk] izkIr fd, x, izfrQy jkf'k 1]31]00]000@& #i;s dks
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gM+ius dk Fkk] ftlds laca/k esa oknh us izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djokbZ
vkSj iqfyl us Hkh bl rF; dks ekuk fd izfroknhx.k us /kks[kk/kM+h dh gSA
,slh fLFkfr esa fo}ku fopkj.k }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; fnukad
23-10-2021 dks vikLr fd;k tkdj oknh dk nkok vuqrks"k ds vuq:i
ikfjr fd;k tkosA
9- izfroknhx.k ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk dFku gS fd foØ;
bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh ikyuk esa bdjkjukek dh 'krZ la[;k
2] 5 o 6 ds vuqlkj oknh dks bdjkjukek dh fnukad ls rhu ekg ds
Hkhrj laiw.kZ izfrQy jkf'k fnukad 14-11-2012 rd vnk dh tkuh Fkh]
ysfdu bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 ds vuqlkj oknh 'ks"k foØ;
izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha dhA mlds laca/k esa izfroknhx.k us oknh dks
uksfVl fn;k vkSj lekpkj i= esa izdk'ku djds bdjkjukek ds r; le;
lhek esa 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha djus ds dkj.k ls bdkjkjukek
fujLr dj fn;k vkSj oknh }kjk vfxze lkbZ isVs nh x;h jkf'k
1]31]00]000@& #i;s bdjkjukes esa of.kZr 'krksZa ds vuqlkj tCr dj
fy;sA bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 o iwjd bdjkjukek fnukad
13-09-2012 esa izfroknh la[;k&02 ikaph o izfroknh&06 X;kjlhyky
mifLFkr ugha Fks] u gh mUgksaus dksbZ bdjkjukek esa of.kZr jkf'k izkIr dhA
,slh fLFkfr esa bdjkjukek o iwjd bdjkjukek esa vafdr lEifRr esa
izfroknh la[;k 02 o 06 ds fgLls dh tehu dks oknh izkIr djus dk
vf/kdkjh ugha gSA bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh vuqikyuk esa fu;r
vof/k rhu ekg ds varxZr oknh us laiw.kZ izfrQy jkf'k izkIr djus dk
iz;kl ugha fd;k vkSj u gh rS;kj o rRij Fkk vkSj ,slh fLFkfr esa
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bdjkjukek esa of.kZr le; lhek dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, izfroknhx.k us
bdjkjukek dks fujLr dj oknh }kjk fn;s x;s 1]31]00]000@&#i;s tCr
dj fy;s o ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; }kjk /kkjk 482 naM izfØ;k
lafgrk dh ;kfpdk esa ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 15-07-2014 dh vuqikyuk esa
tfj;s MhMh fnukad 21-07-2014 dks izkIr jkf'k izfroknhx.k us egkuxj
eftLVªsV la[;k 25] pkSewa t;iqj egkuxj esa tek djok fn;sA izfroknh
la[;k 05 xksih mQZ xksihjke dks ncko esa ysdj oknh us dksbZ nLrkost
iathc) djok;s gSa rks mlds fy, izfroknhx.k ck/; ugha gSA lafonk esa
le; egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA oknh }kjk 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k rS;kj o rRij ugha
gksus ds dkj.k bdjkjukek esa of.kZr 'krksZa dh ikyuk esa lgh :i ls
izfroknhx.k us bdjkjukek fujLr dj oknh }kjk vnk dh x;h foØ;
jkf'k dks tCr fd;k gSA bl laca/k esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk foLr`r :i
ls ekSf[kd o nLrkosth lk{; dk voyksdu dj vkyksP; fu.kZ; fnukad
23-10-2021 ikfjr fd;k gS] bl ij gLr{ksi fd;s tkus dk dksbZ
U;k;laxr mfpr vk/kkj ugha gSA vr% oknh dh vihy vLohdkj dj
[kkfjt fd;k tkosA
10- izfroknhx.k us vius rdksZa esa leFkZu esa fuEu U;kf;d n`"Vkar izLrqr
fd;s gSa%&
1- 2010 AIR SCW 6219, Kammana Sambamurthy (Deceased by by
L.Rs.) vs Kalipatnapu Atchutamma (Deceased by by L.Rs.) & Ors,
2- 2019(2) WLC (SC) Civil 345, SCI, Hari Steel And General Industries
Ltd & Anr. vs Daljit Singh & Ors.
3- 2011 AIR SCW 4092, Saradamani Kandappan vs S. Rajalakshmi &
Ors.
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4- 2010 DNJ (SC) 1157 SCI, Man Kaur (Dead) by Lrs vs Hartar Singh
Sangha.
11- mHk; i{kksa ds rdksZa ij euu fd;k x;k o i=koyh dk voyksdu
fd;k x;kA
12- bl izdj.k esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fnukad 23-10-2021 dks fu.kZ;
ikfjr dj fook|d la[;k 01 ls 04 dks oknh ds fo#) fu.khZr fd;k gSA
nksuksa i{kksa }kjk izLrqr fd;s x;s ekSf[kd ,oa nLrkosth lk{; ls ;g rF;
Lohd`r :i ls lkeus vkrk gS fd nksuksa i{kksa ds e/; oknxzLr lEifRr ds
laca/k esa bdkjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dks o iwjd bdjkjukek fnukad
13-09-2012 dks fu"ikfnr gqvkA nksuksa i{kksa esa ;g rF; Hkh Lohd`r gS fd
bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh ikyuk esa izfroknhx.k }kjk tfj,
izn'kZ 02 jlhn esa oknxzLr Hkwfe dk 43]00]000@& #i;s izfr ch?kk ds
Hkko ls lkbZ isVs 1]51]000@& #i;s izkIr djuk tkfgj fd;kA izn'kZ 01
bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 o iwjd bdjkjukek fnukad 13-09-2012 esa
izfroknh la[;k 02 ikaph o izfroknh la[;k 06 X;kjlhyky ds gLrk{kj
ugha gSaA mUgksaus oknxzLr laifRr esa vius fgLls dh laifRr dk foØ;
fd;k gks vkSj foØ; bdjkjukek ds vk/kkj ij izn'kZ 02 jlhn ds ek/;e
ls jlhn izkIr dh gks] ;g rF; bl izdj.k esa Li"V ugha gksrk gSA
oknh }kjk izLrqr eq[; nLrkosth lk{; esa ;g Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gS
fd izfroknhx.k la[;k 2 ikaph o izfroknh la[;k 6 X;kjlhyky us
oknxzLr laifRr esa vius fgLls dh Hkwfe dk foØ;] oknh ds i{k esa
bdjkjukek ;k iwjd bdjkjukek fu"ikfnr fd;k gks vkSj mlds isVs
foØ; izfrQy jkf'k 1]31]00]000@&#i;s esa ls dksbZ Hkh jkf'k izkIr dh
gksA izn'kZ&01 bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 o iwjd bdjkjukek fnukad
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13-09-2012 o izn'kZ&02 jlhn ij izfroknh la[;k 02 o 06 ds gLrk{kj
ugha gSaA oknh }kjk bl rF; dks lkQ ugha fd;k x;k gS fd izfroknh
la[;k 02 ikaph o izfroknh la[;k 06 X;kjlhyky us oknxzLr laifRr esa
viuh Hkwfe dk cspku djus dk bdjkjukek oknh dks fd;k gks vkSj bl
isVs dqN izfrQy jkf'k izkIr dh gks] ,slh fLFkfr esa mijksDr lk{; ds
vk/kkj ij oknh] izn'kZ&01 bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 o iwjd
bdjkjukek fnukad 13-09-2012 esa of.kZr 'krksZa ds vk/kkj ij oknxzLr Hkwfe
esa ls izfroknh la[;k 02 ikaph o 06 X;kjlhyky ds fgLls dh Hkwfe dks
izkIr djus ds vf/kdkjh ugha gSA
13- bl izdj.k esa nksuksa i{kksa ds e/; ;g Lohd`r fLFkfr gS fd oknxzLr
Hkwfe ds foØ; ds laca/k esa nksuksa i{kksa ds e/; bdjkjukek fu"ikfnr gqvk
vkSj foØ; izfrQy QyLo:i 43]00]000@& #i;s dk izfr ch?kk dh nj
ls oknxzLr Hkwfe dks cspus dk bdjkjukek izfroknh la[;k 02 o 06 ds
vykok 'ks"k izfroknhx.k ls fd;k Fkk vkSj bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012
ds vuq:i 31]00]000@&#i;s izfroknh la[;k 2 o 6 ds vfrfjDr vU;
izfroknhx.k us izkIr dj fy, Fks vkSj iwjd bdjkjukek fnukad
13-09-2012 ds vuq:i 1]00]00]000@&#i;s] bl izdkj dqy
1]31]00]000@&#i;s izfroknh la[;k 2 o 6 ds vfrfjDr vU;
izfroknhx.k }kjk izkIr dj fy, x,A bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 ds
vuqlkj rhu ekg esa 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k oknh dks izfroknhx.k dks vnk
fd, tkus ij oknxzLr Hkwfe dh jftLVªh djokuh FkhA tgka oknh dk
dFku gS fd 'ks"k izfrQy dh jkf'k izfroknhx.k dks vnk djus ds fy,
rS;kj o rRij Fkk] ogha nwljh rjQ ls izfroknh dk dFku gS fd
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oknh }kjk foØ; ds izfrQyLo:i 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k fnukad 14-08-2012
ls rhu ekg ds Hkhrj tek ugha djkus ds dkj.k ls bdjkjukek fnukad
14-08-2012 dh ikyuk esa mUgksaus foØ; bdjkjukek fujLr dj 'ks"k vnk
dh xbZ foØ; izfrQy jkf'k dks tCr dj fy;k] D;ksafd oknh oknxzLr
Hkwfe dh 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk djus ds fy, fu/kkZfjr le;kof/k esa
rS;kj o rRij ugha FkkA
14- bl izdj.k esa eq[; fopkj.kh; fcanq ;g gS fd D;k fdlh
bdjkjukek esa fu/kkZfjr le;kof/k esa 'ks"k foØ; izfrQy jkf'k vnk djus
ds fy, nksuksa i{kksa }kjk dksbZ lafonk ;k bdjkj fd;k x;k gks vkSj ml
fu/kkZfjr vof/k esa 'ks"k foØ; izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha dh xbZ gks] rks D;k
izfroknhx.k bdjkjukek dks fujLr djokdj Øsrk }kjk vnk dh xbZ jkf'k
dks foØsrk tCr djus dk vf/kdkjh gS vkSj D;k bdjkjukek esa of.kZr
le; lafonk dk lkj gS\
15- bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk fuEu fofu'p;ksa ,oa
fl)kar dks ;gka mYysf[kr fd;k tkuk U;k;laxr o mfpr izrhr gksrk
gS&
(1993) 1 Supreme Court of India 519, Chand
Rani (SMT) (DEAD) BY LRS. Vs Kamal Rani
(SMT) (DEAD) BY LRS.
" 18. Having regard to the above submissions only
two points require to be considered by us.
(1) Whether time is the essence of the contract ?
(2) Whether the first plaintiff was ready and willing
to perform the contract ?
19. It is a well-accepted principle that in the case of
sale of immovable property, time is never regarded
as the essence of the contract. In fact, there is
presumption against time being the essence of the
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contract.This principle is not in any way different
from that obtainable in England. Under the law of
equity which governs the rights of the parties in the
case of specific performance of contract to sell real
estate, law looks not at the letter but at the
substance of the agreement. It has to be
ascertained whether under the terms of the contract
the parties named a specific time within which
completion was to take place, really and in
substance it was intended that it should be
completed within a reasonable time. An intention to
make time the essence of the contract must be
expressed in unequivocal language.
20. We will now refer to the decisions of this Court.
In Gomathinayagam Pillai case [1967 (1) SCR 227 :
1967 AIR(SC) 868] it was held at pages 231 to 233
" ...Section 55 of the Contract Act which deals with
the consequence of failure to perform an executory
contract at or before the stipulated time provides by
the first paragraph:
'When a party to a contract promises to do a certain
thing at or before a specified time, or certain things
at or before specified times, and fails to do any such
thing at or before the specified time, the contract, or
so much of it as has not been performed, becomes
voidable at the opinion of the promise if the
intention of the parties was that time should be of
the essence of the contract.
'It is not merely because of specification of time at
or before which the thing to be done under the
contract is promised to be done and default in
compliance therewith, that the other party may
avoid the contract. Such an option arises only if it is
intended by the parties that time is of the essence of
the contract. Intention to make time of the essence,
if expressed in writing, must be in language which is
unmistakable: it may also be inferred from the
nature of the property agreed to be sold, conduct of
the parties and the surrounding circumstances at or
before the contract. Specific performance of a
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contract will ordinarily be granted, notwithstanding
default in carrying out the contract within the
specified period, if having regard to the express
stipulations of the parties, nature of the property
and the surrounding circumstances, it is not
inequitable to grant the relief. If the contract relates
to sale of immovable property, it would normally be
presumed that time was not of the essence of the
contract. Mere incorporation in the written
agreement of a clause imposing penalty in case of
default does not by itself evidence an intention to
make time of the essence. In Jamshed Khodaram
Irani v. Burjorji Dhunjibhai [ILR 40 Bom 289 ] the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council observed
that the principle underlying Section 55 of the
Contract Act did not differ from those which obtained
under the law of England as regards contracts for
sale of land. The Judicial Committee observed:
'Under that law equity, which governs the rights of
the parties is cases of specific performance of
contracts to sell real estate, looks not at the letter
but at the substance of the agreement in order to
ascertain whether the parties, notwithstanding that
they named a specific time within which completion
was to take place, really and in substance intended
more than that it should take place within a
reasonable time.... Their Lordships are do opinion
that this is the doctrine which the section of Indian
Statute adopts and embodies in reference to sales of
land. It may be stated concisely in the language
used by Lord Cairns in Tilley v. Thomas"
The construction is, and must be, in equity the same
as in a Court of law. A Court of equity will indeed
relieve against, and enforce, specific performance,
notwithstanding a failure to keep the dates assigned
by the contract, either for completion, or for the
steps towards completion, if it can do justice
between the parties, and if (as Lord Justice Turner
said in Roberts v. Berry there is nothing in the
'express stipulation between the parties, the nature
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of the property, or the surrounding circumstances'
which would make it inequitable to interfere with
and modify the legal right. This is what is meant,
and all that is meant, when it is said that in equity
time is not of the essence of the contract. Of the
three grounds... mentioned by Lord Justice Turner
'express stipulations' requires no comment. The
'nature of property' is illustrated by the case of
reversions, mines, or trades. The 'surrounding
circumstances' must depend on the facts of each
particular case."
"Their Lordships will add to the statement just
quoted these observations. The special jurisdiction of
equity to disregard the letter of the contract in
ascertaining what the parties to the contract are to
be taken as having rally and in substance intended
as regards the time of its performance may be
excluded by any plainly expressed stipulation. But to
have this effect the language of the stipulation must
show that the intention was to make the rights of
the parties depend on the observance of the time-
limits prescribed in a fashion which is unmistakable.
The language will have this effect if it plainly
excludes the notion that these time-limits were of
merely secondary importance in the bargain, and
that to disregard them would be to disregard
nothing that lay as its foundation. 'Prima facie,
equity treats the importance of such time-limits as
being subordinate to the main purpose of the
parties, and it will enjoin specific performance
notwithstanding that from the point of view of a
court of law the contract has not been literally
performed by the plaintiff as regards the time-limit
specified.'"
21. In Govind Prasad Chaturvedi v. Hari Dutt Shastri
following the above ruling it was held at page 543-
544 : (SCC para 5)
"....It is settled law that the fixation of the period
within which the contract has to be performed does
not make the stipulation as to time the essence of
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the contract. When a contract relates to sale of
immovable property it will normally be presumed
that the time is not the essence of the contract.
[Vide Gomathinayagam Pillai v. Pallaniswami Nadar
(at p. 233).] It may also be mentioned that the
language used in the agreement is not such as to
indicate in unmistakable terms that the time is of
the essence of the contract. The intention to treat
time as the essence of the contract may be
evidenced by circumstances which are sufficiently
strong to displace the normal presumption that in a
contract of sale of land stipulation as to time is not
the essence of the contract."
22. In Hind Construction Contractors case quoting
Halsbury's Laws of England, this Court observed at
pages 1154-55 as under : (SCC pp. 76- 77, paras 7
& 8)
"In the latest 4th edn. of Halsbury's Laws of England
in regard to building and engineering contracts the
statement of law is to be found in Vol. 4, Para 1179,
which runs thus:
'1179. Where times is of the essence of the contract.
- The expression time is of the essence means that a
breach of the condition as to the time for
performance will entitle the inconstant party to
consider the breach as a repudiation of the contract.
Exceptionally, the completion of the work by a
specified date may be a condition precedent to the
contractor's right to claim payment. The parties may
expressly provide that time is of the essence of the
contract and where there is power to determine the
contract on a failure to complete by the specified
date, the stipulation as to time will be fundamental.
Other provisions of the contract may, on the
construction of the contract, exclude an inference
that the completion of the works by a particular date
is fundamental; time is not of the essence where
sum is payable for each week that the work remains
incomplete after the date fixed, nor where the
parties contemplate a postponement of completion.
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Where time has not been mad of the essence of the
contract or, by reason of waiver, the time fixed has
ceased to be applicable, the employer may be notice
fix a reasonable time for the completion of the work
and dismiss the contractor on a failure to complete
by the date so fixed.'
It will be clear from the aforesaid statement of law
that even where the parties have expressly provided
that time of the essence of the contract such a
stipulation will have to be read along with other
provisions of the contract and such other provisions
may, on construction of the contract, exclude the
inference that the completion of the work by a
particular date was intended to be fundamental; for
instance, if the contract were to include clause
providing for extension of time in certain
contingencies or for payment of fine or penalty for
every day or week the work undertaken remains
unfinished on the expiry of the time provided in the
contract such clause would be construed as
rendering ineffective the express provision relating
to the time being of the essence of contract. The
emphasis portion of the aforesaid statement of law
is based on Lamprell v. Billericay Union [(1849) 2
Exch 283, 308];Webb v. Hughes [(1870) LR 10 Eq
281] and Charles Rickards Ltd. v. Oppenheim."
23. In Indira Kaur (Smt) v. Sheo Lal Kapoor in
paragraph 6 it was held as under :
"The law is well-settled that in transactions of sale of
immovable properties, time is not the essence of the
contract."
24. For this proposition reliance was placed on
Govind Prasad Chaturvedi case quoted above
25. From an analysis of the above case-law it is
clear that in the case of sale of immovable property
there is no presumption as to time being the
essence of the contract. Even if it is not of the
essence of the contract the court may infer that it is
to be performed in a reasonable time if the
conditions are evident:
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1. From the express terms of the contract;
2. from the nature of the property; and
3. from the surrounding circumstances, for
example : the object of making the contract."
16- lafonk dh fofufnZ"V vuqikyuk ds okn esa le; lafonk dk lkj
dc gks ldrk gS vkSj dc ugha] bl laca/k esa fof/kd fLFkfr o mijksDr
fofu'p; dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, ns[ksa rks ;g Li"V gS fd vpy laifRr
ds foØ; ds ekeys esa le; ds lafonk ds lkj gksus dh mi/kkj.kk rks ugha
dh tkrh gS vkSj le; lafonk dk lkj gS vFkok ugha] ;k lafonk dh
Li"V 'krksZa] lEifRr dh izd`fr vkSj vU; ekeyksa dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls ns[kk
tkrk gS fd lafonk le; dk lkj gS vFkok ughaA i{kdkjksa ds bdjkj
djrs le; ds vk'k; ij Hkh ;g fuHkZj djrk gS fd le; lafonk dk lkj
gS vFkok ughaA bl laca/k esa mDr fofu'p; ds iSjk la[;k 29 esa ;g
Li"V fd;k gS fd %&
"Therefore, we conclude that though as a
general proposition of law time is not the essence of
the contract in the case of a sale of immovable
property yet the parties intended to make time as
the essence under clause (1) of the suit agreement.
From this point of view, we are unable to see how
the case in Nathulal could have any application to
the facts of this case."
17- vpy laifRr ds foØ; ds laO;ogkj ds laca/k esa le; lafonk dk
Indira Kaur (Smt) v. Sheo Lal Kapoor
lkj ugha gksrk gS] bl rF; dks
(1988) 2 SCC Page 488 Para
6 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us fuEu
izdkj izfrikfnr fd;k gS%&
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"The law is well-settled that in transactions of
sale of immovable properties, time is not the
essence of the contract."
18- le; lafonk dk lkj gS ;k ugha] ;g rF; i{kdkj ds vk'k; ij
(2011) 8 SCC Page 601 Coromandel
fuHkZj djrk gSA bl rF; dks
Indage Products Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Garuda Chlt & Trading Co. Pvt. Ltd. &
Anr.
esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us fuEu izdkj izfrikfnr fd;k gS
fd&
"Whether time is the essence of the contract
or not can be gathered only by the intention of the
parties."
19- mijksDr fofu'p;ksa esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)kar ds vuqlkj le; lafonk
dk lkj gS vFkok ugha] blds fy, bdjkjukek esa of.kZr 'krksZa] bdjkjukek
dh ikyuk ds fy, i{kdkj rS;kj gS vFkok ugha] bu rF;ksa vkSj muds
vk'k;] mudh ln~Hkkouk rFkk fofHkUu rF;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ka] U;k;ky;
dks fopkj djuk gksrk gS fd fo'ks"k izdj.k esa le; lafonk dk lkj gS
vFkok ughaA
20- bl izdj.k esa ;g fLFkfr Hkh lkeus vkrh gS fd oknh us izn'kZ 01
fnukad 14-08-2012 o iwjd bdjkjukek fnukad 13-09-2012 dh vuqikyuk
esa 1]31]00]000@& #i;s vnk dj fn, Fks vkSj 'ks"k jkf'k bdjkjukek
fnukad 14-08-2012 dh ikyuk esa rhu ekg esa vnk dh tkuh FkhA ,slh
fLFkfr esa ;g Li"V gS fd foØ; bdjkj dh ikyuk esa dqN izfrQy jkf'k
izfroknhx.k }kjk izkIr dh tk pqdh Fkh vkSj dqN izfrQy jkf'k oknh ls
izfroknhx.k dks izkIr djds foØ; i= fu"ikfnr fd;k tkuk Fkk] 'ks"k
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foØ; izfrQy jkf'k oknh }kjk izfroknhx.k dks fu;r le;kof/k esa vnk
ugha fd, tkus ds dkj.k ls D;k izfroknhx.k bdjkjukek fnukad
14-08-2012 dks fujLr djokus dk vf/kdkjh gSA bl laca/k esa fuEu
fofu'p; dks vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)kar }kjk mYysf[kr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr
gksxk%&
Raziya Begum and Others vs Nafisa
Begum Abdul Hamid and Others , SCI Civil Apeeal
No. 7225/2011, Dated 07.08.2026.
"10. In Vidhyadhar (supra), it was held so in
Paragraph Nos. 36, 37 and 38 with respect to
3
Section 54 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 :—
“ 36. The definition indicates that in order to
constitute a sale, there must be a transfer of
ownership from one person to another, i.e., transfer
of all rights and interests in the properties which are
possessed by that person are transferred by him to
another person. The transferor cannot retain any
part of his interest or right in that property or else it
would not be a sale. The definition further says that
the transfer of ownership has to be for a “price paid
or promised or part-paid and part-promised”. Price
thus constitutes an essential ingredient of the
transaction of sale. The words “price paid or
promised or part-paid and part-promised” indicate
that actual payment of the whole of the price at the
time of the execution of sale deed is not a sine qua
non to the completion of the sale. Even if the whole
of the price is not paid but the document is executed
and thereafter registered, if the property is of the
value of more than Rs. 100, the sale would be
complete.
37. There is a catena of decisions of various High
Courts in which it has been held that even if the
whole of the price is not paid, the transaction of sale
will take effect and the title would pass under that
transaction. To cite only a few, in Gayatri Prasad v.
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
Board of Revenue [1973 All LJ 412] it was held that
non-payment of a portion of the sale price would not
affect validity of sale. It was observed that part-
payment of consideration by the vendee itself
proved the intention to pay the remaining amount of
the sale price. To the same effect is the decision of
the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Sukaloo v. Punau
[AIR 1961 MP 176 : ILR 1960 MP 614].
38. The real test is the intention of the parties. In
order to constitute a “sale”, the parties must intend
to transfer the ownership of the property and they
must also intend that the price would be paid either
in praesenti or in future. The intention is to be
gathered from the recital in the sale deed, the
conduct of the parties and the evidence on record.”
11. Dahiben (supra) also, while interpreting Section
54 of the Act, held that actual payment of entire sale
price at the time of execution of sale deed is not an
essential condition for completion of sale. When a
sale deed is registered, even upon part payment of
the sale price, title would pass to the transferee. The
non-payment of remaining part of the sale price
would not invalidate it and the remedy would be to
recover the balance sale consideration, but not
cancellation of sale deed for non-payment of balance
sale consideration.
14. Even if we understand the High Court having not
entered into a reappreciation of facts, it is clear that
the conclusion on the available facts was wrong. The
sale deed executed with full knowledge of the part
consideration alone having been passed, cannot be
rendered void or inoperative merely because the
balance consideration promised to be paid, which
promise was incorporated in the sale deed, had not
been complied with. The right of the plaintiffs was to
file for recovery of balance sale consideration and
not to seek declaration that the sale deeds were null
and void; which they are not."
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(2009) 4 SCC 193, Kaliaperumal vs Rajagopal & Anr
21- blh izdkj
ds iSjk la[;k 17 o 18 dks ;gka mYysf[kr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gksxk%&
"17 . It is now well settled that payment of entire
price is not a condition precedent for completion of
the sale by passing of title, as Section 54 of Transfer
of Property Act, 1882 (`Act' for short) defines `sale'
as a transfer of ownership in exchange for a price
paid or promised or part paid and part promised. If
the intention of parties was that title should pass on
execution and registration, title would pass to the
purchaser even if the sale price or part thereof is not
paid. In the event of non- payment of price (or
balance price as the case may be) thereafter, the
remedy of the vendor is only to sue for the balance
price. He cannot avoid the sale. He is, however,
entitled to a charge upon the property for the unpaid
part of the sale price where the ownership of the
property has passed to the buyer before payment of
the entire price, under Section 55(4)(b) of the Act.
18. Normally, ownership and title to the property
will pass to the purchaser on registration of the sale
deed with effect from the date of execution of the
sale deed. But this is not an invariable rule, as the
true test of passing of property is the intention of
parties. Though registration is prima facie proof of
an intention to transfer the property, it is not proof
of operative transfer if payment of consideration
(price) is a condition precedent for passing of the
property."
22- mijksDr fofu'p;ksa ls vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)kar ds vuqlkj ;fn i{kdkjksa
dk vk'k; Hkwfe dk foØ; dj iathd`r foØ; i= fu"ikfnr djus dk gS
rks ,slh fLFkfr esa ;fn izfrQy jkf'k ;k mldk laiw.kZ o vkaf'kd Hkkx Hkh
vnk ugha fd;k gS rks Hkh /kkjk 54 laifRr varj.k vf/kfu;e ds varxZr
Hkwfe dk foØ; ekuk tkosxk rFkk foØsrk Hkwfe ds foØ; ;k jftLVªh ls
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badkj ugha dj ldrk gS o 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k dsoy olwy djus dh
dk;Zokgh dj ldrk gSA
23- bl izdj.k esa mijksDr fofu'p; esa fu/kkZfjr fl)kar dks n`f"Vxr
j[krs gq, U;k;ky; dks bl rF; ij fopkj djuk gS fd D;k le;
lafonk dk lkj gS vFkok ugha\ ln~Hkkouk ds vk/kkj ij oknh 'ks"k izfrQy
jkf'k fu/kkZfjr le;kof/k esa nsus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij Fkk ;k ugha rFkk
D;k fof/kd fLFkfr esa izfroknhx.k bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh
ikyuk esa fu/kkZfjr vof/k esa 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha gksus ds dkj.k
foØ; bdjkjukek fujLr djkdj vnk dh xbZ jkf'k dks tCr djus dk
vf/kdkjh Fkk\ bl laca/k esa bdjkjkukek dh 'krZ la[;k 2] 5] 6 dks ;gka
mYysf[kr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr gksrk gS %&
Þ'krZ la[;k & 2
;g fd çFke i{k o f}rh; i{k ds eè; rS; gqvk
gS fd 'ks"k ewY;èku dh jkf'k esa ls ,d djksM+ #i;s
fnukad 15 flrEcj lu 2012 rd çFke i{k f}rh; i{k
ls vkSj çkIr dj ysaxsA blds i'pkr 'ks"k ewY;èku dh
jkf'k bdjkjukes ij vius gLrk{kj djrs le; ls vUnj
fe;kn rhu ekg esa f}rh; i{k vius fgr esa ;k
vius }kjk euksfur O;fä ds fgr esa mä of.kZr
vuqcfUèkr dh xbZ —f"k Hkwfe ds fod; i= dh jftLVªh
djkrs le; çFke i{k dks vnk dj nsxkA
'krZ la[;k& 5
;g fd f}rh; i{k 'ks"k ewY;èku dh jkf'k vUnj
fe;kn çFke i{k dks vnk djus esa rRij jgus ij çFke
i{k mä fod; dh xbZ —f"k Hkwfe ds fod; i= dh
jftLVªh f}rh; i{k ds fgr esa djokus ds fy, ckè;
jgsxsaA
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'krZ la[;k& 6
;g fd ;fn vUnj fe;kn esa f}rh; i{k 'ks"k
ewY;èku dh jkf'k çFke i{k dks vnk ugha djs ;k
lEifÙk@Hkwfe Ø; djus ls bUdkj djs] rks çFke i{k dks
vfxze çkIr dh gqbZ jkf'k vius gtZs [kpZs esa tCr dj
lkSnk fcpkSrh fujLr djus dk vfèkdkj gksxk rFkk çFke
i{k mä Hkwfe dks nhxj O;fä dks fod; vkfn }kjk
gLrkUrfjr djus ds fy, LorU= jgsaxsA blesa f}rh;
i{k dks fdlh çdkj dh vkifÙk djus dk vfèkdkj ugha
gksxkA blh çdkj ;fn vUnj fe;kn esa ;fn f}rh; i{k
'ks"k ewY;èku dh jkf'k çFke i{k dks vnk djus dks
rRij jgs vkSj foØ; i= rS;kj djkdj çFke i{k dks
nsus ij çFke i{k gLrk{kj u djs ;k foØ; djus ls
bUdkj djs rks çFke i{k dks tfj;s U;k;ky; foØ; i=
iath;u djkus o blesa gksus okys leLr gtZs&[kpZs dh
jkf'k 'ks"k ewY;èku dh jkf'k esa ls dkVus dk vfèkdkj
gksxk] blesa çFke i{k dks fdlh çdkj dh vkifÙk vk{ksi
djus dk vfèkdkj ugha gksxkAß
24- izfroknhx.k }kjk iwjd bdjkjukek fnukad 13-09-2012 ds ek/;e ls
oknh ls 1]00]00]000@& #i;s izkIr dj fy, gSaA iwjd bdjkjukek ds
i`"B la[;k 05 esa mYysf[kr izFke pkj iSjksa dks ;gka mYysf[kr fd;k tkuk
mfpr izrhr gksrk gS %&
Þi`"B la[;k& 5
;g fd ewY;èku dh jkf'k esa ls 31]00]000@&#i;s
v{kjs bDdrhl yk[k #i;s çFke i{k us f}rh; i{k ls
fnukad 14 vxLr lu 2012 bZLoh dks fd;s x;s
bdjkjukek ij vius gLrk{kj djrs le; crkSj vfxze
la;qä :i ls vius&vius fgLlsuqikr vuqlkj çkIr dj
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fy;s gaSA ftudh çkfIr gksuk çFke i{k bl ys[ki= esa
Lohdkj djrs gSaA
;g fd 'ks"k ewY;èku dh jkf'k esa ls
1]00]00]000@& #i;s v{kjs ,d djksM+ #i;s çFke i{k
us f}rh; i{k ls vkt bl iwjd bdjkjukesa ij vius
gLrk{kj djrs le; vius&vius fgLlsuqikr vuqlkj
f}rh; i{k ls çkIr dj fy;s gSaA
;g fd 'ks"k 'krZs fnukad 14 vxLr lu~ 2012
bZLoh dks fd;s x;s bdjkjukesa dh ;Fkkor jgsxhA
;g fd mä iwjd bdjkjukek fnukad 14 vxLr
lu~ 2012 bZLoh dks fd;s x;s bdjkjukesa dk vfHkUu
vax jgsxkAß
25- bl izdj.k esa izn'kZ 01 bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dk
voyksdu djsa rks ;g Li"V gS fd oknh us oknxzLr Hkwfe izfroknhx.k us
43]00]000@&#i;s izfr ch?kk dh nj ls Ø; djus dk bdjkj fd;k gS
vkSj izfroknhx.k us oknxzLr Hkwfe dks oknh dks foØ; djus dk bdjkj
fd;kA mDr foØ; isVs jkf'k 31]00]000@&#i;s izn'kZ 01 bdjkjukek
fnukad 14-08-2012 dh ikyuk esa izfroknhx.k us izkIr dj fy, vkSj iwjd
bdjkjukek 13-09-2012 fu"ikfnr djds 1]00]00]000@&#i;s izfroknhx.k
us izkIr dj fy,A izn'kZ 01 bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh 'krZ
la[;k&02 ds vuq:i oknh dks 'ks"k ewy/ku jkf'k esa ls
1]00]00]000@&#i;s fnukad 15-09-2012 dks izfroknhx.k dks nsus FksA
bldh ikyuk esa iwjd bdjkjukek fnukad 13-09-2012 ds vuq:i oknh us
izfroknhx.k dks 1]00]00]000@& #i;s vnk dj fn,A ;fn oknh dk
izn'kZ 01 bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 esa vafdr 'krksZa dh ikyuk djus
dk mn~ns'; ugha gksrk rks bdjkjkukek izn'kZ 01 fnukad 14-08-2012 dh
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'krZ la[;k 02 dh ikyuk esa 1]00]00]000@& #i;s izfroknhx.k dks 'ks"k
ewy/ku dh jkf'k isVs bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh 'krZ la[;k 02 ds
vuq:i ugha djrkA ,slh fLFkfr esa oknh dk ;g vk'k; o ln~Hkkouk Fkh
fd oknxzLr Hkwfe dks Ø; djds ml Hkwfe ds izfrQyLo:i
43]00]000@&#i;s izfr ch?kk ds vk/kkj ij tks jkf'k vnk dh tkuh gS]
ml jkf'k dks vnk djsA ml isVs mlus 31]00]000@&#i;s bdjkjukek
fnukad 14-08-2012 dks fu"ikfnr djrs le; vnk fd;s] rRi'pkr~ oknh
us izn'kZ 01 bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh 'krZ la[;k&02 dh ikyuk
esa] iwjd bdjkjukek fnukad 13-09-2012 ds vuqlkj fnukad 15-09-2012
rd ns; 'ks"k ewy/ku jkf'k esa ls 1]00]00]000@& #i;s izfroknhx.k dks
vnk dj fn,A tgka rd 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k izn'kZ 01 bdjkjukek fnukad
14-08-2012 dh ikyuk esa oknh vnk djus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij Fkk ;k
ugha\ bl rF; dk iz'u gSA oknh dk ;g dFku gS fd izfroknhx.k us
mls dgk fd Hkwfe fd lhek dk ukitks[k djuk gS vkSj mlds vuq:i
oknxzLr Hkwfe dks foØ; djuk gSA blds vfrfjDr oknh dks ;g Hkh Kkr
gqvk fd izfroknhx.k us oknxzLr Hkwfe ds foHkktu ds laca/k esa jktLo
U;k;ky; esa okn nk;j dj j[kk gS vkSj jktLo U;k;ky; us bl laca/k esa
LFkxu vkns'k ns j[kk gS] mldks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, izfroknhx.k us 'ks"k
foØ; izfrQy jkf'k izkIr djus esa foyac fd;k] tcfd oknh oknxzLr
laifRr ds foØ; isVs 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k izfroknhx.k dks vnk djus ds
rS;kj o rRij FkkA ;|fi] izfroknhx.k us oknh ds bl rF; ls badkj
fd;k gS] ysfdu i=koyh ij miyC/k nLrkost ls ;g Li"V gS fd oknh
us lgk;d dysDVj] vkesj eq[;ky; t;iqj esa oknxzLr laifRr ds
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
foHkktu ds laca/k esa mldk cspku ugha djus] vkjkth ds fjdkWMZ o ekSds
dh ;FkkfLFkfr cuk, j[kus ds fy, okn lafLFkr fd;k Fkk] blds laca/k esa
lgk;d dysDVj ,oa dk;Zikyd eftLVªsV] vkesj eq[;ky; t;iqj us
izkFkZuk i= la[;k 112@2009 esa ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 19-08-2009 ds }kjk
ekSds o fjdkWMZ dh ;FkkfLFkfr cuk, j[ks tkus dk vkns'k fn;k Fkk]
rRi'pkr~ fnukad 09-06-2017 dks ewy okn ds fuLrkj.k rd iwoZ esa ikfjr
varfje vLFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk vkns'k fnukad 19-08-2009 dks LFkk;h dj
i=koyh fu.khZr dj nh FkhA ,slh fLFkfr esa fo}ku lgk;d dk;Zikyd
eftLVªsV] vkesj eq[;ky; t;iqj dh vknsf'kdk fnukad 19-08-2009 o 09-
06-2017 ls ;g Li"V gS fd oknxzLr laifRr ds laca/k esa ekSds o fjdkWMZ
dh ;FkkfLFkfr dks cuk, j[ks tkus ds vkns'k eftLVªsV U;k;ky; }kjk
fn;k x;k FkkA LFkxu vkns'k vHkh Hkh izHkkoh gksuk crk;k x;k gSA ,slh
fLFkfr esa bl laHkkouk ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS fd izfroknhx.k
us jktLo U;k;ky; ds vkns'k fnukad 19-08-2009 o fnukad 09-06-2017
ds vkns'k dh ikyuk esa oknxzLr laifRr dh jftLVªh ugha djkus dh
fLFkfr esa 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k oknh ls izkIr dj oknxzLr Hkwfe dh jftLVªh
djkus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij ugha gksA ;gka ;g dguk U;k;ksfpr gksxk
fd bl laca/k esa oknh dh vksj ls izfroknhx.k ds fo#) izFke lwpuk
fjiksVZ la[;k 3@2013] iqfyl Fkkuk gjekM+k] t;iqj esa ntZ djkbZ Fkh
vkSj iqfyl Fkkuk gjekM+k us vuqla/kku dj izR;FkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k ds
fo#) vkjksi i= la[;k 239@2014 varxZr /kkjk 420] 418] 406] 120ch
Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk esa izLrqr fd;kA iqfyl us vuqla/kku esa ekuk fd
izfroknhx.k ¼vkjksihx.k½ }kjk rdklek dk okn lgk;d dysDVj
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eq[;ky; vkesj t;iqj] ftlus LFkxu fn;k x;k vkSj LFkxu ds nkSjku
vkjksihx.k ds }kjk "kM~;a= ds rgr Hkwfe dk cspku fd;k x;k vkSj mUgksaus
oknh@ifjoknh ls #i;s izkIr dj fy;s vkSj bdjkjukek esa fn;s x;s le;
esa jftLVªh ugha djokbZA izfroknhx.k rhu ekg esa jftLVªh ugha djkus ds
"kM~;a= esa 'kkfey FksA bl rF; dks iqfyl Fkkuk gjekM+k us vius vkjksi
i= esa crk;k gS o vkjksih xksihjke dks bl izdj.k esa fxjQ~rkj Hkh fd;k
x;k gS] 'ks"k izfroknhx.k }kjk ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; esa /kkjk
482 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds varxZr ;kfpdk la[;k 205@2013 izLrqr dh
xbZ FkhA izfroknhx.k }kjk iqu% izkFkZuk i= la[;k 6056@2024 izkFkZuk i=
varxZr /kkjk 438 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk esa izLrqr dh xbZ Fkh rFkk blesa
vkns'k fnukad 15-07-2014 }kjk bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB }kjk
izkFkhZ@oknh@ifjoknh ls izkIr fd, x, 1]31]00]000@&#i;s dks fopkj.k
U;k;ky; ds le{k fQDLM fMiksftV esa j[ks tkus dk vkSj mDr #i;ksa dks
fof/kiw.kZ izkIr djus okys dks fn, tkus dk fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks vkns'k
fn;k x;k FkkA mDr vkns'k fnukad 15-07-2014 dh ikyuk esa izfroknhx.k
}kjk 1]31]00]000@&#i;s tks oknh ls izkIr fd, x,] mls fopkj.k
U;k;ky; ds le{k tek fd;k tkuk crk;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g
Li"V gS fd izfroknhx.k us oknxzLr Hkwfe ds foØ; isVs
1]31]00]000@&#i;s izkIr djds 'ks"k foØ; izfrQy jkf'k bdjkjukek
izn'kZ&1 dh ikyuk esa rhu ekg esa izkIr ugha djds oknh ds i{k esa
jftLVªh ugha djokdj /kks[kk/kM+h dh] ftlds dkj.k oknh us izfroknhx.k
ds fo#) izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djkbZ vkSj mDr izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ
iqfyl Fkkuk gjekM+k] t;iqj us izfroknhx.k ds fo#) vkjksi i= izLrqr
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dj vuqla/kku ds nkSjku ;g ik;k fd izfroknhx.k us tkucw>dj "kM~;a=
djds #i;s gM+ius ds mn~ns'; ls oknh ls 'ks"k foØ; izfrQy jkf'k izkIr
ugha dj oknh ds i{k esa jftLVªh ugha djokbZA bl izdj.k esa izfroknh
la[;k 5 xksih mQZ xksihjke ds }kjk tokc nkok izLrqr fd;k gS] ftlesa
mlus vius fgLls dh Hkwfe dks vU; lg[kkrsnkj ds lkFk feydj
bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh ikyuk esa foØ; i= esa ;g dgk gS
fd oknh ds pkgs vuqlkj mlus oknh dh iRuh lTtu daoj ds gd esa
mlds fgLls dh Hkwfe dk fnukad 23-06-2014 dks jftLVªh djok nhA
izfroknh la[;k 5 us vius fyf[kr iSjk la[;k 6 esa bl rF; vafdr fd;k
gS fd oknh us izfroknhx.k ls 'ks"k foØ; izfrQy jkf'k ysdj foØ; i=
dks jftLVMZ djkus gsrq laidZ fd;k Fkk] ysfdu izfroknhx.k }kjk
fooknxzLr Hkwfe dk lhekadu o ukitks[k djokus dh ckr dgdj
VkyeVksy dh xbZ] rRi'pkr~ oknh }kjk izsf"kr djk, x, uksfVl dk
izfroknhx.k }kjk xyr tokc fHktok;k tkuk vius c;ku esa dgrk
gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa izfroknh la[;k 5 dh tokc nkos dh xbZ LohdkjksfDr
ls ;g Li"V gS fd izfroknhx.k }kjk Hkwfe ds lhekadu o ukitks[k
djokus ds fy, Hkwfe dh jftLVªh djokus esa VkyeVksy dh xbZ] tcfd
oknh Hkwfe dh jftLVªh djokus esa rS;kj o rRij FkkA
26- ;gka ;g dguk U;k;ksfpr gksxk fd oknh ihMCY;w 01 lqjsUnz }kjk
vius c;ku esa ;g dgk x;k gS fd mlds }kjk 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk
djus ds fy, fnukad 08-11-2012 dks izfroknhx.k dks uksfVl fn;k Fkk]
ysfdu mDr uksfVl fn, tkus ds laca/k esa jftLVªh dh jlhn ;k mDr
uksfVl izfroknhx.k dks izkIr gks x;k gks ;k mUgksaus ysus ls badkj fd;k
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
gks] bl laca/k esa mlds }kjk dksbZ nLrkost izLrqr ugha fd, gSaA ,slh
fLFkfr esa oknh ds }kjk fnukad 08-11-2012 dks izfroknhx.k dks uksfVl
fn, tkus dk rF; rks Li"V ugha gksrk gS] ysfdu i=koyh ij miyC/k
lk{; ls ;g fLFkfr Li"V gksrh gS fd izfroknhx.k us fnukad 06-12-2012
dks v[kckj esa vke lwpuk izdkf'kr djds bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012
dh ikyuk esa rhu ekg esa 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k ugha fd, tkus ds dkj.k
bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dks fujLr dj bdjkjukek fnukad
14-08-2012 dh ikyuk djus ls badkj dj fn;kA izn'kZ&01 bdjkjukek
fnukad 14-08-2012 dh ikyuk fu;r le;kof/k esa oknh us vnk ugha fd,
tkus ds dkj.k ls fnukad 08-12-2012 dks v[kckj esa izdk'ku djk;s tkus
ls iwoZ izfroknhx.k ds }kjk oknh dks jftLVMZ uksfVl fn;k x;k gks] mDr
uksfVl dh izkfIr ds i'pkr~ Hkh oknh us oknxzLr Hkwfe ds foØ; isVs 'ks"k
izfrQy dh jkf'k vnk ugha dh gks] bl rF; dks izfroknhx.k }kjk Li"V
ugha fd;k x;k gSA v[kckj esa izdk'ku ls iwoZ izfroknhx.k }kjk foØ;
bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dks fujLr fd, tkus dk uksfVl fn;k
tkuk vko';d FkkA mDr uksfVl ds i'pkr~ Hkh ;fn oknh }kjk 'ks"k Ø;
izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha dh tkrh rks izfroknhx.k dks v[kckj esa izdk'ku
ds }kjk fnukad 14-08-2012 bdjkjukek dks fujLr fd;k tkrk] rks
izfroknhx.k dk vk'k; o ln~Hkkouk Li"V gksrh fd mlus oknh dks
uksfVl fn;k o uksfVl fn;s tkus ds ckotwn oknh us izfroknhx.k dks 'ks"k
foØ; izfrQy dh jkf'k vnk ugha dhA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g Li"V ugha
gksrk gS fd oknh 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk djus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij
Kannan (Died) & Others vs Dhanalakshmi,
ugha gksA bl laca/k esa
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
Second Appeal No. 15/2009, order dated 17.10.2014,
enzkl mPp
U;k;ky; ds iSjk la[;k 14 dks ;gka mYys[k fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr
gksrk gS %&
"14. As regards cancellation of the agreement, as
rightly pointed out by the courts below, it is
incumbent on the part of the defendant to intimate
the alleged cancellation of the agreement to the
plaintiff by sending a notice and non-issuance of any
such notice would affect the defence of the
defendant. It is also not disputed that majority of
the sale price was paid by the plaintiff at the time of
execution of the agreement itself coupled with the
fact that possession of the property was also handed
over. According to the plaintiff, the title deeds have
also been handed over to her upon payment of
Rs.900/- ten days after the agreement of sale. There
was no exchange of notice between the parties
atleast for about five years. Only when the plaintiff
received the summons in the suit filed by the
defendant in O.S. No. 319 of 1995, the plaintiff filed
the present suit in O.S. No. 506 of 1995 in which it
was stated that for the first time, she came to know
about the conduct of the defendant in refusing to
execute the sale deed after receiving the major
amount towards the sale price. Only in the plaint in
O.S. No. 319 of 1995, the defendant came out with
a plea that the plaintiff did not perform her part of
the contract and therefore he cancelled the
agreement. Therefore, I am of the view that the
question of limitation in the present case would
commence only from the date of knowledge of
refusal by the defendant and consequently, the suit
filed by the plaintiff in O.S. No. 506 of 1995 is within
the period of limitation. Both the courts below have
rightly dealt with this aspect of the matter and held
that the plaintiff had knowledge about the denial on
the part of the defendant only on receipt of
summons in O.S. No. 319 of 1995. Therefore, the
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
only question of law arise in this second appeal is
answered against the defendant/appellants."
27- mDr fofuf'p; esa izfrikfnr fl)kar dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, ;g
mYys[kuh; gS fd izfroknhx.k us bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh
ikyuk esa oknh }kjk 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha fd;s tkus ij uksfVl
ugha fn;k vkSj fnukad 06-12-2012 dks lh/ks gh v[kckj esa izdkf'kr
djokdj bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dks fujLr dj oknh }kjk vnk
dh xbZ jkf'k dks tCr dj fn;kA vxj izfroknhx.k dk vk'k; ln~Hkkoh
gksrk rks og fu;r le;kof/k esa oknh }kjk 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha
fd;s tkus dh fLFkfr esa jftLVMZ uksfVl nsrk] mlds i'pkr~ v[kckj esa
izdk'ku djds ;k jftLVMZ uksfVl ;k vU; ds ek/;e ls bdjkjukek
fnukad 14-08-2012 dks fujLr djrk] ysfdu bl izdkj dk uksfVl fn,
fcuk gh izfroknhx.k us lh/ks gh fnukad 06-12-2012 dks v[kckj esa
izdk'ku djds bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dks fujLr fd;k tkus dk
d`R; izfroknhx.k dk ln~Hkkfod izrhr ugha gksrk gSA ;g laHkkouk ls
badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS fd laifRr dh dhersa c<+ tkus ;k
oknxzLr laifRr dh lhek dk ukitks[k ugha gksus] tSlk fd izfroknh
la[;k 05 us vius tokc nkos esa dgk gS rFkk izfroknhx.k ds }kjk
izfroknhx.k dh uh;r esa [kksV vkus vkSj oknh ds }kjk izfrQyLo:i nh
xbZ 1]31]00]000@& #i;s gM+i djus ds mn~ns'; ls vkSj jftLVªh ugha
djkus ds mn~ns'; ls izn'kZ 1 bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh ikyuk
ugha djus dk vk/kkj ysdj bdjkjukek fujLr dj fn;kA ;g rF; iqfyl
Fkkuk gjekM+k] ftyk t;iqj }kjk iqfyl }kjk fd;s vuqla/kku ls
izR;FkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo#) vkjksi i= izLrqr djus vkSj vuqla/kku
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
esa ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyus fd izfroknhx.k us oknh dks /kks[kk nsus o
#i;s ,Bus ds mn~ns'; ls jftLVªh ugha djokbZ vkSj 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k
izkIr ugha dh vkSj izfroknhx.k us izn'kZ&20 fnukad 06-12-2012 dks lh/ks
gh v[kckj esa izn'kZ&1 bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dks fujLr fd;s
tkus dk izdk'ku djok;k] ftlds izR;qRrj esa oknh ds }kjk fnukad
08-12-2012 dks nSfud lekpkj i= nSfud HkkLdj esa izfroknhx.k }kjk
izdkf'kr fnukad 06-12-2012 dh vke lwpuk dk [kaMu fd;kA ,slh fLFkfr
esa ;g Li"V gS fd oknh izn'kZ 01 fnukad 14-08-2012 dh ikyuk djus o
'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k oknh] izfroknhx.k dks vnk djus ds fy, rS;kj o
rRij FkkA ;fn oknh 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k izfroknhx.k dks vnk djus ds
fy, rS;kj o rRij ugha gksrk] rks izfroknhx.k }kjk fnukad 06-12-2012
dks lekpkj i= esa izdkf'kr vke lwpuk esa bdjkjukek fujLr djus dk
[k.Mu nSfud lekpkj i= fnukad 08-12-2012 esa ugha djrkA ;gka ;g
Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd izn'kZ 19 fnukad 06-12-2012] tks jftLVMZ fyQkQk
o mldh jlhn ds vuqlkj fnukad 07-12-2012 dks oknh }kjk izfroknhx.k
dks uksfVl Hksts x;s Fks] ftlesa mlus izn'kZ&01 bdjkjukek fnukad
14-08-2012 dh ikyuk esa 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk djus ds fy, rS;kj o
rRij gksus o izfroknhx.k }kjk jftLVªh djok;s tkus dk uksfVl fn;k
x;k Fkk] tks uksfVl izn'kZ 13 ls izn'kZ 18 bl izdj.k esa iznf'kZr gq, gSaA
bu uksfVlksa dks izfroknhx.k us ysus ls badkj dj fn;kA izn'kZ 20 v[kckj
esa izdk'ku dh vke lwpuk izfroknhx.k us nh] tks fnukad 06-12-2012 dks
v[kckj esa izdkf'kr gqbZA bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd mDr izn'kZ 20 v[kckj
dh lwpuk izfroknhx.k us fnukad 06-12-2012 ls iwoZ nSfud HkkLdj
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
lekpkj i= esa izdk'ku gsrq ns nh Fkh] bl dkj.k 06-12-2012 dks v[kckj
esa bdjkukek fujLr djus dh lwpuk vkbZA
28- ;gka mYys[kuh; gS fd fnukad 07-12-2012 oknh us izfroknhx.k dks
jftLVªh djkus ds fy, izn'kZ 13 ls izn'kZ 18 rd uksfVl Hksts tks
izfroknhx.k us izkIr ugha fd;s vkSj mDr uksfVl budkjh ds lkFk izkIr
gks x;sA ;fn oknh dk bdjkukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh vuqikyuk esa
'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk djus dk vk'k; ln~Hkkoh ugha gksrh rks izn'kZ 13
ls 18 ds ek/;e ls fnukad 07-12-2012 dks og izfroknhx.k dks uksfVl
nsdj jftLVªh djokus ds fy, ugha dgrk rFkk fnukad 06-12-2012 dks
izdkf'kr bdjkjukek fujLr dh vke lwpuk ds [kaMu dk fnukad
08-12-2012 dks lekpkj i= ds ek/;e ls ugha djrkA ,slh fLFkfr esa
izdj.k esa i{kdkjku ds d`R;] vkpj.k] izdj.k dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls ;g
Li"V gS fd izfroknhx.k us oknh ds }kjk 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk djus ds
fy, rS;kj o rRij gksus ij Hkh jftLVªh ugha djokbZ rFkk oknh dks
jftLVMZ uksfVl }kjk lwpuk fn, fcuk izn'kZ 20 v[kckj ds ek/;e ls
fnukad 06-12-2012 dks lwpuk izdkf'kr djok nh o bdjkjukek fnukad
14-08-2012 dks fujLr djds oknh }kjk vnk dh xbZ jkf'k dks tCr dj
fn;kA izfroknhx.k ds vkpj.k ds dkj.k ls oknh }kjk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ
izfroknhx.k ds fo#) ntZ djokbZ xbZ] ftlesa izfroknhx.k ds fo#)
iqfyl us l{ke U;k;ky; ds le{k vkjksi i= izLrqr fd;k vkSj
izfroknhx.k }kjk "kM~;a= dj oknh ds i{k esa jftLVªh ugha djok;k tkuk
crk;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa i{kdkjku ds vkpj.k o mijksDr foospu ds vk/kkj
ij ;g Li"V gS fd oknh izn'kZ&01 bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 dh
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
ikyuk esa 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk djus ds fy, rS;kj o rRij Fkk] ysfdu
izfroknhx.k us 'ks"k foØ; izfrQy jkf'k izkIr dj jftLVªh ugha
djokbZA ,slh fLFkfr esa izn'kZ 01 bdjkjukek fnukad 14-08-2012 esa rhu
ekg dh vof/k esa 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha fd, tkus ds vk/kkj ij
le; lafonk dk lkj ugha ekuk tk ldrk gS rFkk izfroknhx.k mijksDr
foospu esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij ;g cpko ugha ys ldrk gS
fd oknh us foØ; isVs 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k vnk ugha dh gS rks og
bdjkjukek fujLr djokdj oknxzLr Hkwfe dh jftLVªh djokus ds fy,
ck/; ugha gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa esjs fouez er esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us
fook|d la[;k 1 ls 4 oknh ds fo#) fd, tkus esa fof/kd Hkwy o =qfV
dh gSA vr% mijksDr foospukuqlkj oknh dh vihy vkns'kkuqlkj Lohdkj
fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA
29- oknh dh vksj ls izLrqr izFke vihy varxZr /kkjk 96 Lohdkj dh
tkdj fo}ku vij ftyk ,oa ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] Øe 02] t;iqj egkuxj
f}rh; }kjk lqjsUnz flag pkj.k cuke ukuNhyky mQZ uUNw o vU;] okn
la[;k 119@2020 ¼159@2014½ esa ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad
23-10-2021 vikLr fd;k tkdj izfroknh la[;k 02] 05 o 06 ds
vfrfjDr 'ks"k izfroknhx.k dks vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd izn'kZ 01
bdjkjukek 14-08-2012 esa of.kZr foØ; dh xbZ laifRr ds laca/k esa 'ks"k
izfrQy jkf'k oknh ls izkIr dj oknxzLr laifRr ds laca/k esa vius fgLls
dh jftLVªh oknh ds i{k esa fu"ikfnr djsaA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds
le{k tek dh xbZ 1]31]00]000@& #i;s dh jkf'k e; C;kt izfroknh
la[;k 02] 05 o 06 ds vfrfjDr vU; 'ks"k izfroknhx.k izkIr djus ds
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[2026:RJ-JP:43125] [CFA-53/2022]
vf/kdkjh gksaxsA oknxzLr Hkwfe ds foØ; isVs 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k Ms<+ ekg esa
oknh] izfroknh la[;k 02] 05 o 06 ds vfrfjDr 'ks"k izfroknhx.k dks
vnk djsaA bl laca/k esa izfroknhx.k vius cSad fooj.k&[kkrk la[;k o
[kkrs ls lacaf/kr laiw.kZ fooj.k dh lwpuk 15 fnol esa oknh o fo}ku
fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks nsxkA mDr 15 fnol ds i'pkr~ ,d ekg esa oknh
'ks"k foØ; izfrQy dh jkf'k izfroknhx.k }kjk crk, x, cSad [kkrs esa
vkj-Vh-th-,l- ;k vU; ek/;e ds tfj;s tek djok,xkA ;fn
izfroknhx.k cSad [kkrs dk laiw.kZ fooj.k fu;r le;kof/k esa mijksDr
vkns'kkuqlkj ugha nsrk gS rks Ms<+ ekg esa 'ks"k izfrQy jkf'k dk lank;
oknh fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k tek djok,xkA rnqijkar jftLVªh ugha
djok, tkus dh fLFkfr esa oknh fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds ek/;e ls
oknxzLr laifRr dh jftLVªh djokus ds fy, Lora= jgsxk rFkk mDr
jftLVªh dk [kpkZ oknh] izfroknh la[;k 02] 05 o 06 ds vfrfjDr vU;
izfroknhx.k ls izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh gksxk] vU;Fkk izn'kZ&1
bdjkjukek ds vuqlkj lacaf/kr i{kdkj }kjk jftLVªh dk [kpkZ ogu fd;k
tk,xkA vihy ls lacaf/kr leLr [kpkZ oknh] izfroknhx.k la[;k 02] 05
o 06 ds vfrfjDr 'ks"k izfroknhx.k ls fu;ekuqlkj izkIr djus dk
vf/kdkjh gksxkA rn~uqlkj fMØh ipkZ eqfrZc gksA
30- bl vkns'k dh izfr ds lkFk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks izdj.k
dh i=koyh ykSVkbZ tkosA layXu izkFkZuk&i=] ;fn dksbZ yafcr gks]
fuLrkfjr fd, tkrs gSaA
(CHANDRA PRAKASH SHRIMALI),J
96/Yogeshwar Sharma
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