Delhi High Court

Failure to prove bona fide passenger status and accidental fall precludes compensation for railway accidents.

Suman Devi & Ors. vs Union Of India

Delhi High CourtJUDGMENT: April 01, 20262 MIN READSOURCE JUDGMENT
THE ORIGINAL LAWLENS SUMMARY
01

Facts

The appellants filed a claim application following the death of Bijender Singh (the deceased) on 23.07.2018.

Source reference: p. 2

They alleged that the deceased boarded a train from Maripat to Ghaziabad with a valid ticket and died after accidentally falling from the train due to a heavy rush.

Source reference: p. 2

The Railway Claims Tribunal dismissed the claim on 31.10.2022, holding that the deceased was not a bona fide passenger and the incident did not qualify as an "untoward incident".

Source reference: p. 1-2

No journey ticket was recovered from the deceased during the jamatalashi (search); the appellants argued the ticket was lost in a bag.

Source reference: p. 2-3

The deceased’s son (AW-1) admitted he did not witness the ticket purchase or the boarding.

Source reference: p. 3

The body was discovered by an RPF official at 01:45 hours, whereas the last passenger trains had departed hours earlier at 19:49 and 21:36.

Source reference: p. 4
02

Issues

1. Whether the deceased was a bona fide passenger as defined under the Railways Act, 1989?

Source reference: p. 3, para. 7

2. Whether the death of the deceased was caused by an "untoward incident" within the meaning of the Railways Act, 1989?

Source reference: p. 3, para. 7
03

Law Applied

The Court applied Section 23 of the Railway Claims Tribunal Act, 1987, regarding the right of appeal.

Source reference: p. 1

It interpreted the definitions of "bona fide passenger" and "untoward incident" under the Railways Act, 1989.

Source reference: p. 2

The Court also referenced the Supreme Court's decision in Union of India v. Rina Devi (2019) 3 SCC 572, which establishes that while the mere absence of a ticket is not always determinative, the initial burden of proof lies on the claimant to demonstrate bona fide status, which can then shift to the Railways.

Source reference: p. 2-3
04

Reasoning

The Court determined that the appellants failed to discharge the initial burden of proving the deceased was a bona fide passenger.

Source reference: p. 3

No ticket was recovered, and the testimony of AW-1 was deemed hearsay as he lacked direct knowledge of the boarding or ticket purchase.

Source reference: p. 3

The Court found the appellants' version improbable, noting that the deceased lived closer to Ghaziabad but allegedly traveled in the opposite direction to Maripat to board the train.

Source reference: p. 3

Regarding the "untoward incident," the Court observed there were no eyewitnesses to the alleged fall.

Source reference: p. 4

The RPF and DRM reports indicated a significant time gap of over four hours between the last scheduled train and the discovery of the body.

Source reference: p. 4

Furthermore, statements from the deceased's mother and brother during the inquiry suggested he had been "run over" by a train rather than having fallen from one, which contradicts the claim of an accidental fall from a passenger train.

Source reference: p. 4
05

Holding

The High Court found no infirmity in the Tribunal's findings and held that the appellants failed to establish that the deceased was a bona fide passenger or that the death resulted from an "untoward incident".

The Court concluded that the version of the accidental fall was unsubstantiated and improbable.

Source reference: p. 3-4

Accordingly, the appeal was dismissed, and the judgment of the Railway Claims Tribunal was upheld.

Source reference: p. 4
Delhi High Court

Original Court PDF

Suman Devi & Ors.vsUnion Of India

Delhi High Court · April 01, 2026

Click to open original judgment

Original judgment, available to read, download and summarize on LawLens.in

Click to open original judgment