Gauhati High Court

Letter of Intent creates no vested right; no concluded contract exists until satisfyng all preconditions.

M/S Win Power Infracon Llp And Ors vs Assam Power Distribution Company Limited And Ors

Gauhati High CourtJUDGMENT: May 07, 20262 MIN READSOURCE JUDGMENT
THE ORIGINAL LAWLENS SUMMARY
01

Facts

The Respondent (APDCL) issued a Notice Inviting Tender (NIT) dated 11.09.2025 for a dedicated 33 kV feeder construction project

Source reference: p. 3

The Petitioner submitted a bid and was declared one of three technically responsive bidders on 02.02.2026, despite not submitting supporting documents for "Bid Capacity" as required by Annexure-1(E)

Source reference: p. 17, 31

Following price bid opening, the Petitioner was the lowest (L1) bidder.

Source reference: no citation

APDCL issued a Letter of Intent (LoI) on 05.02.2026, which the Petitioner accepted, subsequently depositing performance guarantees

Source reference: p. 20-21

APDCL then requested the missing supporting documents for Bid Capacity calculation

Source reference: p. 22

Upon review, a Committee determined the Petitioner failed to meet the bid capacity criteria

Source reference: p. 24

APDCL issued a Speaking Order on 09.03.2026 rejecting the Petitioner’s bid and opting for re-tender

Source reference: p. 24

The Petitioner challenged this as an arbitrary termination of a concluded contract.

Source reference: no citation
02

Issues

1. Whether the Letter of Intent dated 05.02.2026 constituted a Letter of Acceptance (Work Order), thereby creating a concluded contract between the parties.

Source reference: p. 32 / para. 45

2. Whether the decision to declare the Petitioner technically non-responsive and re-tender the work was arbitrary or malicious in law.

Source reference: p. 33 / para. 45
03

Law Applied

The Court primarily applied the principles of contract formation in public tenders, specifically the distinction between a Letter of Intent and a Letter of Acceptance as clarified in State of Himachal Pradesh v. Oasys Cybernatics Private Limited, which characterizes an LoI as a "promise in embryo" rather than a binding contract

Source reference: p. 30, 36-37

It relied on Dresser Rand S.A. v. Bindal Agro Chem Ltd. for the doctrine that an LoI merely indicates an intention to enter into a contract in the future

Source reference: p. 27, 36

Furthermore, the Court applied Article 14 of the Constitution regarding the "level playing field" and fairness in administrative action as highlighted in Reliance Energy Limited v. Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation Ltd.

Source reference: p. 29, 41-42
04

Reasoning

Regarding the first issue, the Court found that the LoI explicitly stated the authority was only "intending to place an order" and was conditional upon further requirements

Source reference: p. 35, 37

Under the bid terms, a separate Letter of Acceptance and a formal agreement were mandated for contract formation

Source reference: p. 33-34

Regarding the second issue, the Court noted that Clause 15(iii) of the Bid Document strictly prohibited awarding contracts to bidders lacking bid capacity

Source reference: p. 39

The Petitioner failed to submit mandatory supporting documents from electrical utilities to verify their capacity at the time of bidding

Source reference: p. 40

The Court reasoned that APDCL’s initial decision to hold the Petitioner responsive without these documents was a mistake that violated the level playing field for other bidders

Source reference: p. 41

Therefore, the subsequent rejection was a corrective measure to uphold the mandate of fairness under Article 14

Source reference: p. 42
05

Holding

The Court held that: (1) The LoI did not constitute a concluded contract

(2) The rejection of the bid was neither arbitrary nor malicious, as the Petitioner was fundamentally ineligible for non-compliance with technical Bid Capacity requirements

Source reference: p. 43

The Court dismissed the writ petition, affirming APDCL’s decision to proceed with a fresh tender

Source reference: p. 43
Gauhati High Court

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M/S Win Power Infracon Llp And OrsvsAssam Power Distribution Company Limited And Ors

Gauhati High Court · May 07, 2026

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