Plaintiff must establish independent title in a declaratory suit regardless of the defendant’s case.

The respondent-plaintiffs (a registered society and its members) filed a suit for injunction and possession of an ancient temple, "Moorti Swarup Shri Govardhan Nath Ji," and its appurtenant properties

The plaintiffs claimed ownership and management of the temple, asserting they had historically appointed "pujaris" (priests) to manage the affairs

The appellant-defendant was appointed as a caretaker in 1951 but, in 1976, asserted private ownership over the property, claiming it devolved to him through a chain of successive adoptions and a will

Both the Trial Court and the High Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, finding the defendant was merely a manager/pujari without proprietary interest

The Court applied the settled principles of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, specifically Sections 101, 102, and 110, regarding the burden of proof in civil litigation

It relied on the precedent Union of India v. Vasavi Co-op. Housing Society Ltd. (2014), which established that in a suit for declaration of title, the plaintiff must succeed on the strength of their own case and cannot rely on the weakness of the defendant's defense

The Court also distinguished between the legal right to manage a religious institution and the legal ownership of its immovable property

The Supreme Court observed that the lower courts' approach suffered from a fundamental legal infirmity by shifting the focus to the defendant's failure to prove title rather than the plaintiffs' requirement to prove it

The court found that the plaintiffs failed to produce any formal deed of dedication, endowment, or title document evidencing ownership

The documents relied upon by the lower courts (minutes of meetings from 1926 and 1951) merely established a managerial arrangement for "seva-pooja" and the appointment of a "pujari," which is legally insufficient to confer proprietary title over immovable property

The Court reasoned that even if the defendant failed to prove his claim of succession via adoption, the plaintiffs still bore the primary burden to affirmatively establish their own title, which they failed to discharge

The Court set aside the High Court's judgment dated September 28, 2007

Consequently, the appeal was allowed, and the original civil suit for injunction and possession was dismissed