Gauhati High Court

State must return unacquired land or initiate formal acquisition proceedings with payment of due compensation.

Smti. Arati Bhar And 5 Ors vs The Union Of India And 7 Ors

Gauhati High CourtJUDGMENT: March 19, 20262 MIN READSOURCE JUDGMENT
THE ORIGINAL LAWLENS SUMMARY
01

Facts

The petitioners, as legal heirs of late Matilal Bhar, claim ownership of land measuring 2 bighas 14 kathas 12 lechas in Cachar, Assam

Source reference: p.4, para 3

The land was requisitioned in 1964 under Section 3(I) of the Assam Land (Requisition and Acquisition) Act, 1964, for the Border Roads Organization (BRO/GREF)

Source reference: p.4, para 3

Although acquisition proceedings were initiated under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, with a Section 6 declaration issued in 2013, the process was never lawfully completed

Source reference: p.4, para 4-5

Requisition rent was paid only until 2005

Source reference: p.4, para 5

While GREF deposited Rs. 6,36,655 as compensation with the Deputy Commissioner (DC) in 2008, the funds were never disbursed to the petitioners

Source reference: p.5, para 7; p.9, para 18

GREF subsequently vacated the land and handed it over to the PWD in 2014/2015, which remains in possession without formal acquisition or payment of compensation

Source reference: p.5, para 8; p.8, para 17
02

Issues

1. Whether the petitioners are entitled to the return of their land due to the failure of the respondent authorities to complete a valid acquisition proceeding

Source reference: p.4, para 2; p.9, para 20

2. Whether the petitioners are entitled to the payment of outstanding requisition rent and the compensation amount previously deposited with the Deputy Commissioner

Source reference: p.4, para 2; p.9, para 18
03

Law Applied

The court primarily considered the procedural requirements of the Assam Land (Requisition and Acquisition) Act, 1964

Source reference: p.4, para 3

Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (Sections 4 and 6)

Source reference: p.4, para 4

the fundamental legal principle that the State cannot deprive a citizen of their property without the authority of law, necessitating either a valid acquisition process or the payment of requisition rent and compensation for use

Source reference: p.9, para 18
04

Reasoning

The court noted that the petitioners' status as pattadars (title holders) was undisputed

Source reference: p.5, para 9

Despite multiple opportunities, the State respondents failed to produce records proving a completed, valid acquisition

Source reference: p.7, para 13

The court observed that the authorities had remained in continuous possession since 1964, yet had ceased paying rent after 2005 and failed to disburse the deposited compensation of Rs. 6,36,655

Source reference: p.8, para 16-17

Reasoning that the petitioners were deprived of their land without legal authority, the court determined that the deposited compensation amount should be treated as requisition rent for the period of unauthorized use

Source reference: p.9, para 18

Furthermore, since no valid title had passed to the State through a completed acquisition, the court found the PWD’s continued possession to be without legal basis

Source reference: p.8, para 17; p.9, para 20
05

Holding

The court held that the petitioners are entitled to the return of their land and the payment of requisition rent

It directed that: (i) the amount of Rs. 6,36,655 deposited with the DC, Cachar, be paid to the petitioners as requisition rent

Source reference: p.9, para 18

(ii) the petitioners must file an application with the DC, Cachar, within 20 days to resolve remaining rent grievances, which the DC must decide within two months

Source reference: p.9, para 19

(iii) the land must be returned to the petitioners within three months of the rent settlement, unless the authorities initiate a fresh acquisition proceeding following due process of law for a public purpose

Source reference: p.9, para 20

The writ petition was disposed of with no order as to costs

Source reference: p.10, para 21
Gauhati High Court

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Smti. Arati Bhar And 5 OrsvsThe Union Of India And 7 Ors

Gauhati High Court · March 19, 2026

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