Delhi High Court

### Unregistered Conveyance Documents Coupled with Proof of Original Allotment Establish Superior Possessory Title Under Article 65

Khatiza Begam vs Salma Khan

Delhi High CourtJUDGMENT: June 16, 20263 MIN READSOURCE JUDGMENT
THE ORIGINAL LAWLENS SUMMARY
01

Facts

The Plaintiff/Respondent filed a suit for possession, arrears of rent, and mesne profits regarding property F-206, Pappan Kalan.

Source reference: p.2

She claimed ownership through a General Power of Attorney (GPA), Agreement to Sell, Possession Letter, and Will dated 19.06.2006, executed by the original allottee, Sh. Ram Lal.

Source reference: p.2

She alleged an oral tenancy was created in 2009 with the Defendant/Appellant at Rs. 1,500 monthly, which the Defendant defaulted on after June 2010.

Source reference: p.2-3

The Defendant denied the tenancy, claiming her late husband purchased the property from Ram Lal in 2006 for Rs. 65,000, though she produced no title documents.

Source reference: p.5

The Trial Court dismissed the suit, finding no landlord-tenant relationship.

Source reference: p.7

The First Appellate Court (ADJ) reversed this, granting possession based on the Plaintiff's "better title".

Source reference: p.8

The Defendant subsequently filed this Second Appeal.

Source reference: p.9
02

Issues

1. Whether the suit was barred under Section 19 of the Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance) Act, 1956.

Source reference: para. 18/45

2. Whether the Plaintiff established a "better title" to the property entitling her to possession despite failing to prove a landlord-tenant relationship.

Source reference: para. 26/49

3. Whether unregistered documents (GPA, Agreement to Sell, Will) can confer a legally enforceable right to seek possession.

Source reference: para. 37/48
03

Law Applied

The court applied the principle of "possessory title," specifically the maxim Possessio contra omnes valet praeter eum cui ius sit possessionis (possession is good against all except the person with a better right).

Source reference: para. 50

It relied on Anathula Sudhakar v. P. Buchi Reddy, holding that a plaintiff with superior entitlement can succeed against a defendant with no competing title even without absolute ownership.

Source reference: para. 49

Regarding the burden of proof, it applied Anil Rishi v. Gurbaksh Singh.

Source reference: para. 51

Article 65 of the Limitation Act, 1963 was applied to confirm the 12-year limitation period for suits based on title.

Source reference: para. 52

The court also noted that Section 19 of the Slum Areas Act applies only to "notified" areas under Section 3 of said Act.

Source reference: para. 45
04

Reasoning

The Court observed that while the Plaintiff’s documents (GPA, Will, etc.) did not constitute an absolute registered sale deed, they established a "better title" than the Defendant, who provided no documentary evidence of her husband's alleged purchase.

Source reference: para. 47-48, 56

The Court analyzed the evidence of the original allotment to Sh. Ram Lal, which was admitted by both parties, and found the chain of transfer to the Plaintiff substantiated by testimony from her father (PW2), who funded the purchase.

Source reference: para. 46-48

The Court rejected the Defendant's claim of long-term possession since 2006, noting that school records only showed residence from 2010-11.

Source reference: para. 55

Crucially, the Court held that even though the specific oral tenancy was not proven to the Trial Court's satisfaction, the Plaintiff’s superior possessory right entitled her to evict a person with no legal status.

Source reference: para. 50, 61

The Court found no bar under the Slum Areas Act as RTI records proved the area was not "notified".

Source reference: para. 45
05

Holding

The High Court dismissed the Second Appeal, affirming the First Appellate Court's judgment.

It held that the Plaintiff proved superior possessory title through the 2006 documents and identifying records.

Source reference: para. 47, 57

The Court concluded that since the Defendant failed to establish any legal basis for her occupation, the Plaintiff was entitled to a decree of possession.

Source reference: para. 61-63

The Court further ruled that the appeal raised no substantial questions of law as the findings were purely fact-based.

Source reference: para. 63
Delhi High Court

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Khatiza BegamvsSalma Khan

Delhi High Court · June 16, 2026

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