Calcutta High Court

Condonation within the 120-day limit requires sufficient cause despite timely filing of the application.

KAS ZAINULABDIN AND CO vs GOKUL CHAND MANOJ KUMAR AND SONS GM AND SONS PRIVATE LIMITED AND ANR

Calcutta High CourtJUDGMENT: March 18, 20262 MIN READSOURCE JUDGMENT
THE ORIGINAL LAWLENS SUMMARY
01

Facts

The defendants received the writ of summons on 30th May, 2025

Source reference: p. 2

Under the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, the written statement was required within 30 days, extendable up to 120 days

Source reference: p. 2

The defendants affirmed the written statement on 18th September, 2025, and took out a Master’s Summons for condonation of delay on 23rd September, 2025 (the 117th/118th day)

Source reference: p. 2-3

Due to the annual court vacation, the Master’s Summons was returnable on 28th October, 2025, and the instant application was filed on 27th October, 2025

Source reference: p. 3

The plaintiff opposed the application, arguing the Court was functus officio as the written statement was not physically on record within the 120-day mandatory cap

Source reference: p. 3-4
02

Issues

1. Whether the Court becomes functus officio and loses the power to extend time if the application for condonation and affirmation of the written statement occur within 120 days, but the filing/hearing occurs thereafter

Source reference: p. 5

2. Whether the defendants established "sufficient cause" to justify the delay in filing the written statement

Source reference: p. 6
03

Law Applied

The Court applied the mandatory timelines prescribed under the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, and the amended Order VIII Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), which establishes a hard 120-day cap for filing written statements in commercial suits

Source reference: p. 2

It distinguished SCG Contracts India (P) Limited V. K.S. Chamankar Infrastructure (P) Limited (2019) 12 SCC 210, regarding the mandatory nature of the 120-day limit

Source reference: p. 4

the Court relied on Supreme Court precedents in Union of India v. Jahangir Byramji Jeejeebhoy (2024), Shivamma v. Karnataka Housing Board (2025), and Shankargir v. State of M.P. (2025), which mandate that an application for condoning delay must show "sufficient cause" through specific, non-vague facts

Source reference: p. 6
04

Reasoning

The Court first addressed the procedural technicality, noting that unlike the precedent in Rajendra Kumar Kothari, the defendants here took out the Master’s Summons within the 120-day period

Source reference: p. 4-5

The Court held that a litigant should not suffer for delays caused by the Court's schedule (such as vacations) once they have approached the Court within the statutory timeframe

Source reference: p. 5

Consequently, the Court was not functus officio

Source reference: p. 5

Upon perusing the affidavit, specifically paragraphs 4, 6, 7, and 8, the Court found the grounds for delay were vague and lacked material particulars

Source reference: p. 6

Since the defendants failed to provide a satisfactory explanation or "sufficient cause" as required by the settled law of the Supreme Court, the mere fact that they applied within 120 days was insufficient to grant relief

Source reference: p. 6
05

Holding

The Court answered the first issue in the negative, holding that it retains jurisdiction if the application is made within 120 days, but answered the second issue in the negative as well, finding no sufficient cause

The Court dismissed the application (GA-COM 4 of 2025) for condonation of delay and refused to take the written statement on record because the explanation provided was unmeritorious and vague. The suit was directed to go out of the list

Source reference: p. 6-7
Calcutta High Court

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KAS ZAINULABDIN AND COvsGOKUL CHAND MANOJ KUMAR AND SONS GM AND SONS PRIVATE LIMITED AND ANR

Calcutta High Court · March 18, 2026

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