Secretly arranging daughter’s marriage to a controversial relative without the father's knowledge constitutes mental cruelty.

The Appellant (husband) and Respondent (wife) were married in 1997 and have two children.

In 2017, the husband filed for divorce under Section 13(1)(i-a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, alleging mental cruelty.

The primary trigger was the wife surreptitiously taking their 18-year-old daughter to Bangalore to marry the wife’s brother—a 32-year-old divorcee with a criminal record—without the husband's knowledge or consent.

Substituted by this, the wife lodged police complaints against the husband, complained to his superior officers at the Greater Chennai Corporation, and broke open their flat to remove belongings.

The Family Court dismissed the husband's divorce petition and allowed the wife’s application for restitution of conjugal rights.

1. Whether the act of the wife arranging the daughter’s marriage surreptitiously to a person of controversial background without informing the father constitutes mental cruelty.

2. Whether the wife’s subsequent conduct of lodging complaints with the husband’s employers and the police amounts to cruelty.

3. Whether the Trial Court erred in dismissing the divorce petition and granting restitution of conjugal rights.

The Court applied Section 13(1)(i-a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, regarding divorce on the ground of cruelty.

It relied on the landmark precedent Samar Ghosh v. Jaya Ghosh (2007) 4 SCC 511, which established that mental cruelty is a state of mind causing deep anguish and frustration, evaluated by reviewing the married life as a whole.

The Court also referenced Vishwanath Agrawal v. Sarla Vishwanath Agrawal (2012) 7 SCC 288, noting that cruelty has an inseparable nexus with human conduct and social milieu.

It further observed that while "irretrievable breakdown of marriage" is not a statutory ground for High Courts, long separation and acts damaging reputation are factors in assessing cruelty.

The Court reasoned that the husband, as a father, suffered irreparable mental agony due to the wife's "surreptitious" conduct regarding their daughter’s marriage.

The court noted the husband was never informed of the wedding and only learned of it a week later.

The court emphasized the husband's pain in seeing his daughter married at 18 to a significantly older divorcee with a history of police custody.

The court found that the wife’s actions—lodging complaints with the husband's superior officers and the police—were calculated to damage his reputation and career, which fits the criteria for mental cruelty under the Samar Ghosh guidelines.

The Court noted that the wife had sold the matrimonial home and kept the surplus proceeds, effectively making the continuation of a shared household impossible.

The appeal was allowed: the husband was granted a decree of divorce, and the order for restitution of conjugal rights in favor of the wife was set aside.