CAT - ['Chandigarh']

Uncommunicated and Unsubstantiated Adverse Remarks in APAR Cannot Be Acted Upon to Deny Financial Upgradation

Hans Raj vs Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

CAT - ['Chandigarh']JUDGMENT: April 23, 20262 MIN READSOURCE JUDGMENT
THE ORIGINAL LAWLENS SUMMARY
01

Facts

The applicant, a Junior Telecom Officer (JTO) at BSNL, was granted financial upgradation from E-1 to E-2 in 2007

Source reference: p. 3

his next upgradation from E-2 to E-3, due in 2012, was denied because a Departmental Promotion Committee (DPC) found him unfit based on adverse remarks in his Annual Performance Appraisal Reports (APARs) for 2008-09 and 2009-10

Source reference: p. 3-6

While the Reporting Officer had graded him highly (9.5+), the Reviewing Authority downgraded him, citing inability to motivate staff and poor attitude toward public grievances

Source reference: p. 10-11

BSNL rejected his representations on the grounds that they were time-barred and that the applicant had signed a certificate "agreeing and accepting" the remarks at the time

Source reference: p. 6-7

The applicant contended he was never formally communicated the adverse entries or given an opportunity to represent against them

Source reference: p. 4
02

Issues

1. Whether the respondents failed to communicate the entire APARs/adverse remarks to the applicant in violation of established legal principles

Source reference: p. 9 / para. 6(i)

2. Whether the "acceptance certificate" signed by the employee acts as a valid substitute for the formal communication of adverse remarks

Source reference: p. 9 / para. 6(iii)

3. Whether the Reviewing Authority's remarks were sustainable without prior warnings or objective evidence of deficiency

Source reference: p. 10 / para. 8(iii)
03

Law Applied

The Tribunal primarily applied the precedent of Dev Dutt v. Union of India (2008), which mandates the communication of all entries in an APAR (whether fair, poor, or good) to the public servant to ensure transparency and allow for representation

Source reference: p. 4

It relied on State of U.P. v. Yamuna Shanker Misra (1997), asserting that remarks must be objective and preceded by advisory or corrective notices

Source reference: p. 5

It observed the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) instructions dated 14.05.2009 regarding the disclosure of APARs

Source reference: p. 4

Para 174(4) of the PT Manual Vol-III regarding the recording of adverse entries

Source reference: p. 10
04

Reasoning

The Tribunal found that the complete APARs for 2008-09 and 2009-10 were never formally conveyed to the applicant, which is a mandatory requirement under Dev Dutt

Source reference: p. 11

It dismissed BSNL's reliance on a signed "printed proforma" of acceptance, holding that such a certificate does not satisfy the legal requirement for fair opportunity and cannot be used to bypass the duty to communicate adverse entries

Source reference: p. 11

The Tribunal observed that the Reviewing Authority's remarks were subjective opinions lacking any supporting documentation or prior warnings issued to the applicant during the reporting period

Source reference: p. 11

Since the Reporting Officer had found the applicant's performance excellent (grading over 9.5), the Reviewing Authority's unsubstantiated downgrading was deemed biased and hit by non-application of mind

Source reference: p. 11
05

Holding

The Tribunal allowed the OA and quashed the impugned orders dated 04.04.2014 and 28.12.2016

It ordered the expunging of the adverse remarks recorded by the Reviewing Authority for the years 2008-09 and 2009-10. The respondents were directed to reconsider the applicant’s claim for financial upgradation from E-2 to E-3 effective from 09.12.2012 (the date his juniors were upgraded) and provide all consequential notional benefits within 12 weeks

Source reference: p. 11-12
CAT - ['Chandigarh']

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Hans RajvsBharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

CAT - ['Chandigarh'] · April 23, 2026

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