Adult children remain entitled to claim compensation, but dependency must be determined independently on the facts.

On 24 January 2013, Rajpal Saini was travelling with his son in a car on the Outer Ring Road near Wazirabad Flyover, Delhi, when a tempo bearing registration No. PB-65P-4474 collided with their car and fled. The deceased followed the tempo and, after stopping it at a red light, attempted to ask its driver to come out. The driver accelerated the tempo and ran over the deceased, causing his death at the spot; the driver was apprehended there

The deceased’s wife, mother and four sons filed a claim petition. The tempo driver and owner did not specifically deny their involvement and led no evidence. The Insurance Company neither filed a written statement nor cross-examined the deceased’s wife, who appeared as PW1

The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs. 32,72,800 with interest at 9% per annum. The Insurance Company challenged the award, principally disputing contributory negligence and the deduction of only one-fourth towards the deceased’s personal expenses

1. Whether the deceased was guilty of contributory negligence because he had allegedly consumed alcohol, pursued the offending vehicle and confronted its driver instead of reporting the matter to the police?

2. Whether one-fourth, rather than one-third, ought to have been deducted from the deceased’s income towards personal and living expenses on the ground that some of his sons were major and financially independent?

3. Whether the amounts awarded under consortium, funeral expenses, loss of estate and loss of love and affection required recalculation in accordance with binding Supreme Court precedent?

The Court applied the principles governing compensation under the motor accident claims law, including the requirement that contributory negligence must be established by cogent evidence and cannot be presumed merely because the deceased confronted the offending driver.

Under National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Birender, (2020) 11 SCC 356, every legal representative has a right to apply for compensation, including a major, married or earning child; however, the extent of actual dependency must be determined on the facts of each case

This approach was reiterated in Seema Rani v. Oriental Insurance Company, 2025 SCC OnLine SC 283, and Sameem Begum v. K. Venkat Swamy, 2026 INSC 864

Under National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Pranay Sethi, (2017) 16 SCC 680, consortium is awardable at the applicable conventional amount to eligible family members and funeral expenses and loss of estate must be appropriately fixed

In Magma General Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Nanu Ram, (2018) 18 SCC 130, consortium was recognised for specified family relationships, while United India Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Satinder Kaur, (2021) 11 SCC 780, clarified that loss of love and affection is subsumed within consortium and should not be separately awarded

The Court rejected the plea of contributory negligence because the MLC merely recorded that the deceased was “claiming taken alcohol”; no alcohol test was conducted, and the Insurance Company produced no evidence to establish intoxication or negligence contributing to the fatal occurrence

The deceased was not driving when the fatal act occurred; he was standing outside his vehicle when the tempo driver accelerated and ran him over. His attempt to demand accountability from the driver did not authorise the driver to drive rashly or negligently, and the suggestion that he should instead have approached the police was unsupported by evidence or legal principle

On dependency, the Court held that the wife, mother and minor son were plainly dependants. Even assuming that two other sons were earning adults, the youngest son was only 18 years old, leaving at least four dependants. Consequently, the one-fourth deduction was justified under the applicable dependency principles

The Court also noted that the Insurance Company had neither cross-examined PW1 on dependency nor filed a written statement

It nevertheless corrected the conventional heads in accordance with Pranay Sethi and Satinder Kaur: consortium was increased to Rs. 40,000 for each of six family members, loss of estate was increased to Rs. 15,000, funeral expenses were reduced to Rs. 15,000, and loss of love and affection was deleted

The revised total compensation was thus Rs. 33,07,796.41, rounded to Rs. 33,07,800, representing an enhancement of Rs. 35,000

The Insurance Company’s appeal was dismissed, subject to enhancement and correction of the compensation under the conventional heads. The total compensation was enhanced from Rs. 32,72,800 to Rs. 33,07,800, with interest at 9% per annum

The enhanced amount, with accrued interest, was directed to be deposited within four weeks and released thereafter.

Since the wife and mother of the deceased had died, their respective shares were directed to be distributed equally among the four surviving children.

The statutory deposit was ordered to be refunded to the Insurance Company only after deposit of the enhanced compensation and accrued interest