Madhya Pradesh High Court

Quasi-judicial orders must be speaking orders; absence of reasoning cannot be cured by appellate decisions.

Vikas Rishishwar vs The State Of Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh High CourtJUDGMENT: July 24, 20262 MIN READSOURCE JUDGMENT
THE ORIGINAL LAWLENS SUMMARY
01

Facts

The Petitioner was appointed as a Treasury Account Clerk on a compassionate basis in 2012

Source reference: p. 1

Following a show-cause notice in 2021 and a subsequent charge-sheet in 2022 regarding allegations of financial irregularities (embezzlement), a departmental inquiry was conducted

Source reference: p. 1-2

The Petitioner submitted a detailed reply to the inquiry report on April 22, 2025

Source reference: p. 2

On September 30, 2025, the Collector, Bhind, acting as the Disciplinary Authority, issued an order removing the Petitioner from service

Source reference: Annexure P-1

The Petitioner’s subsequent appeal to the Commissioner, Chambal Division, was rejected on May 27, 2026

Source reference: p. 2

The Petitioner challenged these orders under Article 226 of the Constitution, contending they were non-speaking and unreasoned

Source reference: p. 2
02

Issues

1. Whether the Disciplinary Authority’s order of removal was a "speaking order" as required under the principles of quasi-judicial adjudication

Source reference: p. 3 / para. 6-7

2. Whether the lack of reasoning in an original disciplinary order can be cured or compensated by the presence of reasons in an appellate order

Source reference: p. 6 / para. 12
03

Law Applied

The Court applied the principle that a Disciplinary Authority exercises quasi-judicial power and must pass a speaking order supported by valid reasons

Source reference: p. 3

It relied on State of Punjab v. Bandip Singh (2016) 1 SCC 724, which mandates that administrative decisions must be self-sustaining and impregnated with reasons to avoid arbitrariness

Source reference: p. 4

It further cited Kranti Associates Pvt. Ltd. v. Masood Ahmed Khan (2010) 9 SCC 496, establishing that reasons are the "lifeblood" of judicial decision-making and a component of natural justice

Source reference: p. 5

Finally, it applied Oryx Fisheries Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India (2010) 13 SCC 427 and ICAI v. L.K. Ratna (1986) 4 SCC 537 to hold that the absence of reasons in an original order cannot be compensated by an appellate order

Source reference: p. 6-7
04

Reasoning

The Court scrutinized the impugned order dated September 30, 2025, and observed that it merely stated the conclusion of guilt and the resulting punishment without addressing the specific facts, grounds, or explanations provided in the Petitioner’s detailed reply

Source reference: p. 2-3

The Court reasoned that since the Disciplinary Authority was exercising a quasi-judicial function, it had a legal obligation to demonstrate an objective consideration of the relevant factors

Source reference: p. 3, 5

Applying the Oryx Fisheries precedent, the Court noted that a "rubber-stamp" reason or a complete absence of reasoning in the initial decision constitutes a breach of fundamental procedure that cannot be rectified by the Appellate Authority’s reasoning

Source reference: p. 6-7

Consequently, the failure of the Disciplinary Authority to pass a reasoned order rendered the entire process arbitrary and unsustainable in law

Source reference: p. 4, 8
05

Holding

The Court allowed the petition in part, holding that the impugned punishment order and the appellate order were non-speaking and legally flawed

It quashed the orders dated September 30, 2025 (Annexure P-1) and May 27, 2026 (Annexure P-2). The Court directed the Collector, Bhind, to pass a fresh, reasoned, and speaking order after considering all grounds raised in the Petitioner's explanation dated April 22, 2025, and providing a personal hearing, within three months

Source reference: p. 8
Madhya Pradesh High Court

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Vikas RishishwarvsThe State Of Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh High Court · July 24, 2026

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